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This study aims to develop erfina game as ecosystem learning media and to know and describe the results of expert validation, teacher responses, student responses and student learning outcomes of the developed media. This research uses the research and development method (Research & Development). The model used in this research is ADDIE consisting of 3 stages, namely Analysis, Design, and Development. The trial was conducted on 10 students of Class VII of SMP Negeri 02 Satu Atap Suwawa Selatan. The results of the study found: (1) validity test based on the percentage of media validation of 85% (Very Valid) and material expert validation obtained a percentage of 87% (Very Valid). (2) Practicality test based on teacher response results obtained a percentage of 91% (Very Practical) and the results of students' responses of 93% (Very Practical). (3) Student learning outcomes test obtained from the results of student learning tests through Preetest and Posttest evaluations, based on the N-Gain scale obtained a value of 0.53 or 53% which is included in the moderate category

The increase in human activities, such as industrialization, urbanization, and transportation, has led to air pollution, including heavy metal contamination such as lead (Pb). Lead originates from vehicle emissions, industrial activities, and fossil fuel combustion, which have detrimental effects on the environment and human health. One effective method for monitoring air pollution is biomonitoring using bioindicators, such as lichen. Lichen is sensitive to air quality and can absorb pollutants, including heavy metals, through its surface. This study uses a literature review to analyze the role of lichen as a bioindicator of heavy metal pollution, specifically lead. Several lichen species, such as *Xanthoparmelia xanthofarinosa* and *Canoparmelia aptata*, are known to accumulate heavy metals from the environment. The results show that the lead content in lichen varies depending on the pollution level in the location. Areas with high traffic have higher lead concentrations compared to areas with low traffic. The advantages of using lichen as a bioindicator include low cost, practicality, and its ability to provide long-term data on air quality. With this understanding, lichen data can be used for pollution mitigation and evidence-based policies to reduce the impact of air pollution. Further research is recommended to explore the potential of lichen in detecting other heavy metals, such as cadmium (Cd) and copper (Cu).  

This research aims to describe the validity, practicality and capability of student learning outcomes using Contextual Teaching and Learning (CTL) based learning modules . The test subjects in this research involved 20 class X students of SMA Negeri 1 Tilango for the 2023/2024 academic year. The CTL-based module developed refers to the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) development model which is limited to the limited-scale trial development stage. The research results based on the CTL-based Module show the feasibility value of the valid criteria, the practicality of obtaining a score in the score range of 81%-100%, the learning outcomes of students using the N-Gain formula obtain a percentage value of 0.61% with medium criteria, so that the CTL-based Module is developed suitable for use as a learning medium to improve student learning outcomes on interaction material in ecosystems in class X SMA Negeri 1 Tilango.

This study aims to analyze consumer desires and satisfaction with Mochi Crackers innovation products using the Customer Satisfaction Index (CSI) and Importance Performance Analysis (IPA) approaches. Indonesia's food and beverage sector, especially snacks, continues to grow by creating innovative products such as Mochi Crackers, which adapts the traditional mochi snack into a modern product with a longer shelf life and crunchy texture. A survey was conducted involving 50 respondents from various backgrounds, using a Likert scale to measure the level of satisfaction and importance of product attributes. The results showed that the majority of consumers were attracted to this product because of its practicality, taste, and affordable price. Through the CSI analysis, a satisfaction index was obtained which shows the overall level of consumer satisfaction. Meanwhile, IPA analysis identifies product attributes that need to be improved to improve product quality and competitiveness in the market. This study provides recommendations to Mochi Crackers manufacturers to focus on improving the quality of packaging and promotion to strengthen the product's position in the market.

Teaching materials are learning resources that are used to provide information that is prepared to support learning activities that are designed systematically and contain material on learning methods and testing or assessment options that help achieve the expected goals. The aim of this research is to determine the validity and practicality of Project Based Learning (PjBL)-based LKPD to train students' collaboration skills on environmental change material at Mas Al-Jihad Pontianak. This research uses the R&D (Research and Development) method with the ADDIE model which consists of Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation. The research results show that the average results from material and media experts are 91.16% with very valid criteria, the average of student and teacher response questionnaires is 95.67% with very practical criteria, so that the LKPD is based on Project Based Learning (PjBL ) to train students' collaboration skills on environmental change material, the project results were assessed at 82.85% with the criteria being very suitable for use as teaching material in the classroom learning process. Meanwhile, the collaboration questionnaire showed an average result of 63.70% with practical criteria to use.

This study developed a Discovery Learning model with a Meaningful Learning approach to improve students' critical thinking skills in Economics at SMAN 2 Tulang Bawang Udik. The study used the ADDIE model and produced a conceptual model, lesson plans, student worksheets, and HOTS assessment instruments. Expert validation results showed that the products were feasible, practicality tests obtained a very practical category, and effectiveness tests with a Nonequivalent Control Group design showed that the critical thinking of students in the experimental class was higher than that of the control class. These results confirm that this learning model is feasible, practical, and effective, and can be a guide for teachers for active, contextual, and high-level thinking skills-oriented learning. Additionally, the integration of Discovery Learning and Meaningful Learning provides a structured and student-centered learning process that encourages learners to construct knowledge independently while connecting concepts to real-life contexts. The resulting learning tools also support teachers in implementing systematic instruction that fosters student engagement and deeper understanding. Overall, the developed model contributes to improving instructional quality in Economics education and offers an innovative alternative for enhancing students’ cognitive abilities, particularly in critical thinking.

This research aims to determine the development process, level of validity and level of practicality of small Arabic dictionary media which can be used to support the Arabic language learning process, especially in vocabulary learning. The development of this small Arabic dictionary media is adapted to the learning curriculum and teaching materials for class VIII Junior High Schools. This type of research is research and development (R&D) by adapting the 4D development model which consists of four stages, namely definition, design, development and dissemination. The subjects used in this research were 18 class VIII students at Datok Sulaiman Junior High School. Data collection techniques include observation, interviews, validation sheets, practicality test sheets and student response questionnaires. The result of this development research is a small Arabic dictionary for class VIII students. The product validation test results show that: 1) the material expert validation assessment obtained a score of 96.36%; 2) media expert validation assessment obtained a score of 86.66%; 3) and the practicality test carried out by learning experts obtained a score of 80%. Based on the results of product trials by three experts, it shows that the small Arabic dictionary learning media is very valid and practical to be applied in Arabic language learning.

The purpose of this research is to create fine art learning materials for Adabiah 1 Padang High School's grade X pupils using Flipbooks. The background of this study is the lack of enthusiasm among students to learn fine arts using traditional package books, which are generally seen as dull. The steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation are all included in the 4-D model, which is the research approach utilized in development (Research and Development). The outcomes demonstrated how well Flipbook-based learning resources increased students' motivation to learn and helped them comprehend the ideas behind two- and three-dimensional fine arts.   The implication of this research shows that Flipbook can be an alternative learning media that is interesting and effective, as well as relevant to learning needs in the digital era. The conclusion of this study is that Flipbook has high validity and practicality as a learning media, which can be implemented in fine arts learning in schools.

This research is a study of development of media video tutorials for learning visual arts in particular visual journal material in students of X grade State High School 5 Bukittinggi. The problem found is that learning is not optimal due to lack of use of learning media. Video tutorials can be used to support the learning process and help teachers deliver learning materials. This research uses the Research and Development method with a 4D model that consists of define, design, develop, and disseminate. Data analysis techniques use qualitative and quantitative descriptive analysis. The test subjects in this study were 42 respondents consisting of 5 experts, 1 cultural art teacher, and 37 students. The results of the study showed that the media, material, and language validation test reached a score of 80-90%. Next, the practicality test by the teacher obtained a rating of 86.67%, the student response rating of the small-scale test obtaining a 94.9% score and the large scale trial obtains a grade of 91.81%. The final stage is the test of effectiveness gained from the pre-test and post-test results. Small scales obtain t_count of 7.17 bigger than t_table of 1.894. Large scales get t_counters of 7.68 larger than tables of 1.701. It can be concluded that the video tutorial media product developed on learning visual arts in particular visual journal material has proven valid, practical and effective to use.

The research is motivated by the fact that not all teachers use technology-based media in teaching and learning activities, especially in learning about building cube and block spaces. Teachers use more objects around students as media. This research aims to develop learning media based on augmented reality technology on classroom building materials in grade IV elementary school using a valid, practical and effective Problem Based Learning model. The type of research used in this study is development research using the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Develop, Implement and Evaluate) model. The subjects of product trials and research data collection were grade IV students of SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The validation instrument used in this study is in the form of a validation sheet which aims to determine the validity or not of learning media based on Augmented Reality technology on space building materials. The analysis technique in this study uses the validity of learning media and the practicality of learning media. The results of the study show that the development of learning media based on augmented reality technology on building materials for cubes, blocks and prisms with the Problem Based Learning (PbL) model has been developed using the ADDIE development model and obtained an average result from three expert validators with a percentage of 81.33% which is included in the "Very Valid" category. The practicality of teachers' response to learning media based on Augmented Reality technology in building materials for cubes, blocks and triangular prisms in grade IV of elementary school obtained a percentage result of 90% with the very practical category at SDN 09 Surau Gadang and 96% with the very practical category at SDN 08 Surau Gadang. The results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were obtained with a learning outcome percentage of 82.16%. Then at the second meeting, the percentage of learning outcomes increased by 88.16% at SDN 09 Surau Gadang. Then at SDN 08 Surau Gadang, the results of the effectiveness test at the first meeting were 87.19% and the results of the effectiveness test increased at the second meeting by 93%.

The aim of this research is to produce learning media mobile interactive on the Basics of Electronics Engineering subject which is valid and practical for class X students at SMK Negeri 2 Solok. The method used in this research is method Research and Development (R&D) with a 4D development model consisting of 4 stages, namely Define (Definition), Design (Planning), Develop (Development), and Disseminate (Dissemination). This research uses an instrument in the form of a questionnaire. This questionnaire will be filled out by material experts and media experts in the validity test and filled in by students in the practicality test. Based on data acquisition and processing, this research obtained the following results. First, the results of material validation by material experts are in the "Valid" category with a total validity value by the three material validators of 0.967 and the results of media validation by media experts are in the "Valid" category with a total validity value by the three media validators of 0.967. Second, at the practicality test stage by students involving 15 students obtained a practicality percentage of 95.67% which was categorized as "Very Practical". Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that interactive mobile learning media using Smart App Creator is suitable for use as interactive learning media in learning because it has been proven to be valid and practical.

Mathematics is a universal science that underlies the development of modern technology, plays an important role in various scientific disciplines, and human thinking abilities. The view that mathematics is a science that trains thinking. The Creative Problem Solving learning model is a learning model that focuses on teaching and Problem Solving skills. Digital teaching materials are use digital devices, such as computers, smartphones. The aim of this research is to see the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the e-module being developed. This teaching material development model uses the ADDIE model. This research was carried out at SMP Negeri 21 Medan which is located on Jl. Rampe Raya flower. The time for the panel research is the even semester of the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this research were class VII students at SMP Negeri 21 Medan. Meanwhile, the object of this research is learning media in the form of e-modules using flipbooks based on Creative Problem Solving. The e-module was declared very valid with a score of 3.56 and was categorized as very feasible. The e-module was declared practical with a percentage of 92.67% and was categorized as very practical. The e-module was declared effective by achieving Problem Solving indicators in indicators 1, 2, 3 and 4 with 65% of students completing the learning. The achievement of classical student indicators has met 65% of students who took part in learning with a score of 75. And there was a significant increase in indicators 1, 2, 3, and 4.

This research aims to determine how to produce an Android-based character calculator application on the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students that reaches the level of validity, practicality and. The method used in this research is the Research & Development method with the Borg and Gall model research design which consists of 7 stages, namely potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The subjects in this research were 31 students in class XI Science at SMA Negeri 9 Pontianak. This research uses indirect communication techniques and measurements with data collection tools in the form of validation sheets, questionnaires and test questions. The first research result, namely the validity, obtained from the material and media expert validation value of 89.77% with very valid criteria, the second, namely the practicality obtained from teacher and student questionnaires with a percentage of 96.64% with very valid criteria, while the practicality value was obtained from The posttest score is 83.87% of the KKM score of 76 so it is included in the very effective category. Thus, it can be concluded that the Android-based character calculator application media for the ability to understand concepts in arithmetic sequences and series material for high school students is classified as effective to use.  

Interesting learning media can make the learning atmosphere less boring and can improve learning outcomes. The aim of this research was to develop the learning media Snakes and Ladders, which is one of the most famous types of board games throughout the world, for high school (SMA) students as a learning tool that is expected to be valid, effective and practical to use in the learning process. learning Trigonometry material. This research method uses Research Development (R&D) with the ADDIE model which is built in 5 stages: Analyze, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluate. The subjects of this research were 40 active class X students at SMAN 93 Jakarta. This snake and ladder was developed based on student learning styles. The "Snakes and Ladders" board game was declared a valid learning medium by material and media experts, with an extraordinary category of 94% and 86%. The research results show that the practicality index obtained is in the very good category (96%) and the significance result of the paired t-test is 0.000 (less than 0.005) supported by the average posttest value being higher than the pretest. Based on this development research, it can be concluded that the "Snake and Ladder" board game media developed is valid, practical and effective for the learning process as a learning tool, especially for high school students on Trigonometry material.

This research aims to determine the feasibility, practicality and effectiveness of using the Canva Application as a Mathematics Learning Media for Class VII Flat Building Material at SMP Negeri 1 Citeureup.This research adopts the ADDIE model stages (analyze, design, develop, implement, and evaluate). The analyze stage includes initial analysis, student analysis, concept analysis and formulating learning objectives. The design stage includes preparing learning media in the form of selecting appropriate media and designing learning content. The development stage includes the development of data collection instruments. The data collection instrument in this research was interviews with the teachers concerned. The implementation stage includes implementing the use of the Canva application. The evaluation stage includes the form of evaluation carried out at each ADDIE stage. The data analysis technique used is the validity coefficient by Aiken's V. The research results show that the learning media that has been developed is in the very good category and can be used in the learning process.    

Generation Z is a generation that was born and developed along with the development of digital technology. Generation Z has unique preferences in online shopping with a tendency to choose convenience and affordability. This creates challenges and opportunities for e-commerce players. This research aims to analyze Generation Z's satisfaction with e-commerce services. The research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach. Data comes from search results on various digital bases and related official publications. The research results show that Generation Z pays attention to affordable prices as well as high ease of access, product quality, lots of discounts, varied payment method choices, guarantees and speed of delivery. Apart from that, satisfaction with service for a product for Generation Z from e-commerce is obtained because of the efficiency and practicality when shopping offered by e-commerce. With all the convenience provided, as well as efficiency and time effectiveness, e-commerce is considered the right solution in finding needs for Generation Z. Therefore, it is not surprising that more and more platforms are emerging that are used to facilitate the purchase and sale of products or services via the internet. This e-commerce trend has also caused several shops to lose competition and close. This shows that e-commerce is an option for Generation Z, and they are satisfied with the service and convenience provided.

This research aims to produce an Android-based character calculator media for mathematical problem solving abilities in vocational school students' statistics material that reaches the level of validity, practicality and effectiveness. This research uses the Borg and Gall development design model with steps consisting of potential and problems, data collection, product design, design validation, design revision, product testing, and product revision. The subjects in this research were class X students at SMK Negeri 7 Pontianak, consisting of 31 students. The data collection techniques used are indirect communication techniques and measurement techniques with the data collection tools being validation sheets, questionnaires and test questions. The first research result was validation of the calculator media, namely with an average score from the three experts of 87.27% with very valid criteria. Practicality value, seen from the questionnaire scores filled in by teachers and students which were accumulated to obtain a percentage of 96.76% with very practical criteria. Furthermore, effectiveness, seen from the results of students' posttest results, obtained a percentage of 80.64%, with reference to the school's KKM score, namely ≥75, so the average student test results have complete criteria and are classified as very effective. From the validation results, practicality and effectiveness, it can be concluded that the Android-based character calculator media for mathematical problem solving abilities in vocational school students' statistics material is classified as effective to use.  

This research uses Research and Development (RnD) research, with a 4D development model. This research aims to find out how the product is developed and the level of feasibility through media, material and Islamic validation as well as the practicality of teachers and students. Data collection techniques for product development are through observation, interviews, questionnaires and documentation. Next, the data obtained was analyzed using quantitative descriptive analysis. This research produces a product in the form of an Instagram-based biology teaching aid integrated with Islamic values ​​in the human circulatory system material. This product meets the valid and practical criteria by obtaining a validity assessment of 88.84% in the "very valid" category, validation results by material expert lecturers, obtaining a validity assessment of 88.2% in the "very valid" category and validation results by expert lecturers Islamic, a validity assessment of 88.83% was obtained in the "very valid" category. Meanwhile, practicality was determined by the biology teacher and class XI MA students. Based on the practicality results by biology teachers, a practicality assessment of 88.05% was obtained in the "very practical" category and practicality results by class XI high school students, a practicality assessment of 84.4% was obtained in the "very practical" category. Thus, Instagram-based biology teaching aids integrated with Islamic values ​​are suitable for use as interactive learning media to test effectiveness at the next stage.

Village information still uses madding, making it difficult for residents to get accurate information. The aim of this research is to produce a WordPress CMS-based website in Kalamanauk Village, Fak-fak District, Middle East and a website that is valid, practical and effective to use. This research method uses the Research and Development (R&D) development method. Data was collected by observation, interviews, literature studies and questionnaires. The subjects of this research were 20 people from the Kalamanuk village, Middle East Fakfak district. Descriptive statistical data analysis techniques for presenting data using tables and calculating averages. Based on the results that the researchers have obtained, they obtained validation results from 1 validator, including website experts, namely the average percentage, namely an average percentage of 95%, which is referred to in the "Very valid" criteria. The level of practicality of the village website was obtained from the respondent questionnaire, the results obtained were an average percentage of 90% which was referred to in the "Very practical" criterion, the level of effectiveness of the website was obtained from the respondent questionnaire, the results obtained were an average percentage of 86% which was referred to in the criterion " Very effective". Based on the results of the respondent's trial, an average score of 87% was obtained in the "Very good" category. The results of this research show that the WordPress CMS-based website design is valid, practical and effective to use.

This study conducts a comprehensive content analysis of the textbook titled "Everyday English for Hospitality Professionals". Through the lens of textbook evaluation, the research aims to assess the effectiveness and suitability of the content in meeting the learning needs of professionals in the hospitality industry. Utilizing established criteria, the analysis scrutinizes the relevance, clarity, and practicality of the material, particularly in facilitating language skill development tailored to the demands of the hospitality profession. The findings of this study offer valuable insights for curriculum development and instructional material selection, contributing to the enhancement of English language learning experiences for hospitality professionals.