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Strengthening reading–writing literacy and numeracy has become a strategic priority in primary education, particularly in preparing prospective teachers who are capable of integrating these competencies contextually into classroom practice. This community engagement program aimed to enhance the conceptual understanding, pedagogical skills, and professional readiness of students from the Primary School Teacher Education Program (PGSD) at Universitas Satya Wiyata Mandala (USWIM) Nabire through a practice-based literacy and numeracy training model. The program was conducted over three days and involved 100 active students. The training adopted a practice-based approach consisting of conceptual reinforcement sessions, group discussions, lesson plan development, and microteaching simulations. Data were collected through observation, analysis of instructional materials, and written reflections, and analyzed using a descriptive qualitative approach. The findings indicate a significant shift in students’ understanding of literacy and numeracy—from technical skills to contextual and reasoning-based competencies. Participants demonstrated improved ability to design literacy–numeracy-based lesson plans and delivered more dialogic and participatory microteaching sessions. The program also fostered stronger professional awareness regarding the role of teachers in building foundational literacy and numeracy skills in primary education. Overall, the practice-based training proved effective in strengthening the professional preparedness of prospective primary school teachers in a contextual and systematic manner.

This research was conducted to assess the effectiveness of using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) approach in teaching poetry writing in Indonesian language classes. This method was applied to assess the extent of students' mastery of the material and their response to problem-based learning. Based on the results of the questionnaire distributed, it was found that materials such as procedural texts, expository texts, negotiation texts, poetry, drama, and novels are materials that often use the PBL model. The results show that around 75%–80% of students understand learning with the PBL approach and show active and enthusiastic responses during the learning process. However, the implementation of PBL faces a number of obstacles, including limited time allocation and the level of readiness of students in digesting complex problems. Thus, periodic assessment and adaptation of the learning approach are key to optimising the effectiveness of this method.

This study explores the role of English in supporting the academic and professional development of management students, based on the lecturer’s reflections as both lecturer and researcher. As English becomes increasingly important in global education and employment, many students are required to read academic materials, complete assignments, and communicate using English. This study focuses on how English for Specific Purposes (ESP), especially Business English, helps students build discipline-related skills and prepare for real workplace communication. Using an autoethnographic approach, the researcher collected data from self-interviews, reflective teaching journals, and informal student feedback over one semester. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the lecturer’s experiences and observations. The findings show that English supports students’ academic growth by helping them understand textbooks, research articles, and business case studies. Students gained confidence in reading and presenting academic information after completing guided tasks. The results also indicate that ESP based on activities such as email writing, meeting simulations, and presentations strengthened students’ employability skills. These tasks helped students feel more prepared for internships and early career responsibilities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of reflective teaching. By analyzing classroom challenges and student needs, the lecturer was able to improve teaching strategies, select more authentic materials, and provide better support for learners. This research shows that integrating ESP with employability goals can create meaningful learning experiences for management students. When English teaching is connected to real professional contexts, students develop both language proficiency and practical communication skills. The study also encourages lecturers to use reflection as a tool to enhance teaching quality and better support students’ academic and career preparation.

Academic writing skills are one of the essential aspects of developing students’ academic literacy from the beginning of their university studies. However, most first-year students in the 2025 academic year in the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, still face difficulties in understanding the structure, language, and ethic of academic writing. This community service aims to improve the academic literacy skills of first-year students through a comprehensive and practical academic writing training program. The implementation methods included several stages, namely pre-test, material presentation, writing exercise, and post-test. The Training materials covered the structure of scientific papers, the use of academic language, paraphrasing techniques, citation ethics, and reference management using reference manager tools. The participants consisted of 40 first-year students who took part in a full-day training session. The results showed a significant improvement in all assessment aspects, with the average score increasing from 56.8 in the pre-test to 83.9 in the post-test. The highest improvement was observed in the accuracy of citation and referencing, which increased by 33.2%. These findings indicate that the training effectively enhanced students’ understanding of systematic and ethical principles of academic writing. Therefore, this activity contributes to strengthening the academic culture and preparing students for academic writing during their studies.

Academic writing skills are one of the essential aspects of developing students’ academic literacy from the beginning of their university studies. However, most first-year students in the 2025 academic year in the English Department, Faculty of Languages and Literature, Universitas Negeri Makassar, still face difficulties in understanding the structure, language, and ethic of academic writing. This community service aims to improve the academic literacy skills of first-year students through a comprehensive and practical academic writing training program. The implementation methods included several stages, namely pre-test, material presentation, writing exercise, and post-test. The Training materials covered the structure of scientific papers, the use of academic language, paraphrasing techniques, citation ethics, and reference management using reference manager tools. The participants consisted of 40 first-year students who took part in a full-day training session. The results showed a significant improvement in all assessment aspects, with the average score increasing from 56.8 in the pre-test to 83.9 in the post-test. The highest improvement was observed in the accuracy of citation and referencing, which increased by 33.2%. These findings indicate that the training effectively enhanced students’ understanding of systematic and ethical principles of academic writing. Therefore, this activity contributes to strengthening the academic culture and preparing students for academic writing during their studies.

The limited competence of Junior High School (SMP) teachers in Magelang City in developing contextual textbooks is a key issue hindering the achievement of locally relevant learning. Teachers primarily rely on commercial textbooks that often lack accommodation for specific regional issues and lack guidelines for independent writing. This community service aimed to enhance the knowledge and skills of SMP teachers in Magelang City in compiling textbooks that meet the standards of the Merdeka Curriculum and include local content. The method employed was participatory training combined with blended mentoring over six weeks, involving 30 teachers from five schools representing various general subjects. The implementation began with a theoretical workshop on standard textbook structure, followed by intensive mentoring sessions. The results indicate a significant increase in participants' understanding of the textbook framework, with 90% of teachers independently capable of creating concept maps and chapter outlines. Crucially, 75% of participants successfully produced at least one draft chapter of a textbook rich in local content (history, culture, and geography of Magelang). This success not only increases the professional capacity of teachers but also directly impacts the availability of more relevant and specific learning resources for students, supporting the contextual implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum.

Explanation text is a text that can train critical reading skills, especially for junior high school students. It contains compound sentences that summarize information from several sentences into one sentence. Writing compound sentences that are not quite right will also affect the meaning or meaning that will be conveyed in the explanation text. The purpose of this study was to determine the quality of compound sentences in the explanation text which will later be used as teaching materials for junior high school students. The quality of good compound sentences will later affect students' critical reading skills. The methodology used is a qualitative approach where data collection is carried out first. This technique is carried out using the Listen and Note technique. The Listen technique is done by reading and observing the explanation text on the brainacademy website. The note technique is carried out after reading the entire text recording the existing compound sentences and then re-identifying the results that have been obtained. After analyzing the explanation text, compound sentences of equal value and compound sentences of levels were found in the explanation text. The difference between the two sentences can be seen in the sentence structure and the use of conjunctions. The quality of compound sentences is also analyzed in terms of clarity of meaning, use of appropriate conjunctions, and level of complexity. The results of this study are expected to be a reference for teaching materials and provide insight into the influence of compound sentences that affect the quality of students' critical reading.

The effectiveness of sentences has a very important influence on the quality of the content of a literary work. In writing essays, it is important to use effective sentences so that implied and explicit messages can be conveyed clearly and well. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of sentences in essay texts on the April 2024 Edition of the "Metafor.id" Page as teaching materials for reading comprehension. This study uses two approaches, namely the methodological approach and the theoretical approach. The methodological approach uses a qualitative descriptive approach, while the theoretical approach applies syntactic analysis to evaluate the quality of content and analyze effective sentences. The data collection technique in this study uses intensive reading techniques and note-taking techniques. The data that has been collected is then analyzed using the distribution method.This research is expected to be useful for readers in writing good and correct essay texts in accordance with linguistic rules so as to produce cohesive essay texts and effectively structured sentences.

Quality education is the key to improving skills and knowledge for students. However, there are still many challenges faced in improving the quality of education, especially at the primary level. Collaborative Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Lecturers and Teachers in book writing can be one of the strategies to improve the quality of Education. This research aims to be active through collaboration in writing Madrasah Science Competition books between Tarbiyatut Tholabah Islamic Institute Lecturers and Madrasah Ibtidaiyah 02 Mazro'atul Ulum teachers. The results of the service showed an increase in the quality of lecturers and teachers in presenting learning and academic materials in order to provide excellent service for students, especially Madrasah Science Competition participants. And the most important thing is the creation of a collaborative book masterpiece entitled Madrasah Science Competition which contains a summary of material from science, social studies, mathematics, Arabic English and religious sciences such as Fiqh, Aqidah, Islamic Culture History and the presentation of sample questions and discussions. Moreover, the project has had a positive impact on the educators involved. It has allowed them to deepen their understanding of the subjects and improve their ability to present complex concepts in an accessible way. The collaborative nature of the project has fostered a supportive learning community, where educators learn from one another's expertise and experiences. The resulting Madrasah Science Competition book is not only a valuable educational resource but also a testament to the power of collaboration in enhancing the quality of education.

Literacy is a fundamental skill essential for academic, social, and cultural development, yet interest in and culture surrounding literacy remain low in rural areas such as Desa Toapaya, Indonesia. This community service program aimed to strengthen basic literacy at SDN 005 Toapaya through a collaborative and integrative approach involving the school, university students, the Bintan Library Office, families, and local communities. The method employed was participatory and collaborative, implementing the SIBER CERDAS program (Synergy of Interactive Learning, Literacy, and Numeracy), which included shared reading, interactive discussions, quizzes, writing and storytelling competitions, and interactive numeracy activities. The results showed increased student motivation and participation in literacy and numeracy activities, as well as improved confidence in oral expression. Additionally, there was a noticeable improvement in students’ engagement with reading materials. Challenges faced included limited reading materials, inconsistent literacy habits at home, and lack of awareness about the importance of regular literacy practice. To ensure sustainability, ongoing support from schools, families, and local government, along with strengthened cooperation with libraries and communities, is necessary. Encouraging active participation and fostering a habit of regular reading is crucial for the long-term success of such initiatives. This program successfully created an inclusive and sustainable literacy ecosystem and serves as an adaptable model for similar rural communities, offering valuable lessons in community-driven educational development.

Basic literacy issues remain a global challenge, as evidenced by the results of the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA), which place Indonesia at a low rank in reading proficiency. This condition highlights the urgency of literacy as a fundamental competency for elementary school students, particularly in Indonesia. A similar phenomenon is observed in the city of Semarang, where students demonstrate low reading interest, limited access to reading materials, and reliance on conventional teaching methods. In this context, the presence of the SOUL Literacy Community holds strategic potential to support the enhancement of students’ reading and writing skills. This community service initiative aims to empower the SOUL Literacy Community by strengthening the capacities of teachers, students, and the community in developing literacy programs. The methods employed include Participatory Action Research (PAR) and Participatory Community Appraisal (PCA), implemented through preparation, training, mentoring, and evaluation stages. The program results indicate increased community capacity in formulating literacy agendas, improved student interest and skills in reading and writing, and enhanced teacher confidence in applying interactive literacy strategies. Furthermore, the program successfully established a participatory literacy model that strengthens school–community collaboration and can be replicated in other regions. In conclusion, this initiative contributes to the development of a sustainable literacy ecosystem and supports the achievement of SDG 4 on quality education.

Mandarin Chinese teaching by non-native teachers is crucial in global education, given the complexity of the language and culture that require in-depth mastery. This study examines the roles, characteristics, challenges, and effective teaching strategies implemented by non-native Mandarin Chinese teachers. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive-analytical literature review, this study collected data from accredited journals and books from online databases such as Google Scholar, ResearchGate, and national journal portals. The results show that non-native teachers are required to have strong linguistic mastery, comprehensive Mandarin Chinese language skills, a deep understanding of Chinese culture, as well as pedagogical and psychological competencies, including the ability to manage classes and utilize modern technology. Characteristics of effective non-native teachers include sensitivity to observation, critical analysis skills, creativity, good communication, and adaptability. Mandarin Chinese training, such as at LKP AEC Semarang, has proven important to improve the competence of non-native teachers through planned, interactive learning structures and continuous evaluation. A comparison of the effectiveness between native and non-native teachers shows differences; native teachers excel in language mastery and higher student grades, while non-native teachers are more effective in explaining the material in depth with patience. The role of non-native teachers is crucial and integral, encompassing motivator, facilitator, role model, learning designer, and evaluator. Non-native teachers also face challenges such as pronunciation and writing difficulties, limited media resources, lack of confidence, and cultural differences. Solutions include the use of digital media, interactive learning strategies, and professional training. Overall, non-native teachers play a fundamental role in Mandarin Chinese language teaching and have the potential for success. With a strong foundation of materials, innovative strategies, adequate training support, and high self-confidence, they can enhance student interest and understanding, although challenges must be addressed strategically.  

Sustainable learning should begin with strengthening basic skills such as reading, writing, and arithmetic (calistung). This is heavily influenced by the teaching methods, media, and teaching modules used. Adapting the content into student activities through modules is key to improving the quality of the learning process. In response to this issue, the Community Service Team (PkM) conducted a Training on Preparing Teaching Modules at the Swara Peduli Ceria Foundation, located in Klender, East Jakarta. This training aimed to assist educators at the learning center in developing relevant and impactful teaching modules for children. The activity was held at the Learning Center Hall of the Swara Peduli Ceria Foundation, with 15 participants attending. The training was carried out in five stages: (1) initial preparation, (2) activity presentation, (3) delivery of material, (4) activity evaluation, and (5) follow-up. Participants were given both theoretical materials and practical experience in developing teaching modules. The results showed an improvement in the participants' ability to design teaching modules that were appropriate for the needs of the children at the learning center. The final product, a collaboratively developed teaching module, was considered beneficial and practical for the educators to implement in their lessons. This activity provided a positive impact not only for the participants but also for the quality of learning at the center. The PkM program strengthened the role of higher education institutions in supporting sustainable education for the community. By helping educators in preparing suitable teaching materials and modules, the program contributed to enhancing the learning environment for children, ensuring that the education they receive aligns with their developmental needs. This initiative also highlights the importance of collaboration between universities and local educational institutions in improving education quality and fostering sustainable growth in the community.

This study explores the lesson planning practices of an English lecturer at Universitas Hafsawaty who teaches English for healthcare students. The findings indicate that the lecturer adopts a contextual and profession-oriented approach, aligning language instruction with medical content and professional communication needs. The lesson plans incorporate materials from health journals, clinical simulations, and academic writing tasks, aiming to enhance both linguistic proficiency and professional relevance. Instructional strategies such as scaffolded learning and multimodal media use are applied to accommodate students’ diverse English proficiency levels. The discussion highlights the integration of English for Specific Purposes (ESP) and Content and Language Integrated Learning (CLIL) frameworks, emphasizing experiential learning and interdisciplinary collaboration. Overall, the study underscores the importance of context-driven lesson planning and the need for institutional support in developing English instruction tailored to professional domains.

This study aims to determine the use of YouTube learning media in improving students' critical thinking skills in history subjects of class XI at SMAN 1 Karangrejo. The background of this study is based on the low interest in learning and students' critical thinking skills in understanding abstract and narrative historical materials. YouTube media is considered as one of the interactive and interesting learning alternatives, which can visualize historical events in a concrete and easy-to-understand manner. The formulation of the problem obtained by the author is how the use of YouTube media among class XI students at SMAN 1 Karangrejo, in supporting the teaching and learning process. How effective is the use of YouTube-based learning media on the critical thinking skills of class XI students, in history subjects at SMAN 1 Karangrejo. From the formulation of the problem, the purpose of writing is to find out the use of YouTube media among class XI students at SMAN 1 Karangrejo, in supporting the teaching and learning process. To find out the effectiveness of the use of YouTube-based learning media on the critical thinking skills of class XI students, in history subjects at SMAN 1 Karangrejo. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. Data collection techniques are carried out through observation, in-depth interviews with history teachers and students, and documentation. The main focus of this study is on the learning process, student responses to the use of YouTube media, and how the media facilitates the development of students' critical thinking skills. The results of the study showed that the use of YouTube media had a positive impact on improving students' critical thinking skills. The historical videos shown were able to stimulate curiosity, encourage discussion, and help students analyze and evaluate historical events in more depth. In addition, students became more active, enthusiastic, and involved in the learning process.

The evaluation of textbooks is a strategic step to ensure the alignment of instructional materials with curricular goals and the needs of learners. In the context of teaching Arabic at the university level, writing skills (mahārah kitābah) are an essential component in shaping productive and communicative language abilities. This study aims to evaluate the representation and development of writing skills in the Arabic Language Book Marhalah Three, published by the Language Center of UIN Sultan Syarif Kasim Riau in 2018. The study employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a document analysis method. Data were collected through content analysis of the textbook using a foreign language textbook evaluation rubric, which includes aspects such as content, instructional approach, and the suitability of the material to students' competencies. The findings indicate that although the book is organized with a systematic instructional structure and thematically relevant content, the development of writing skills is still primarily based on a structural approach and lacks diverse, communicative exercises. These findings suggest the need for improvement in the textbook by integrating communicative, integrative, and contextual approaches in order to enhance the effectiveness of mahārah kitābah instruction in higher education settings.

This study aims to identify and analyze syntactic errors made by students in their academic writing. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores in depth the forms of errors that appear and the general patterns formed in students' sentence structures. Data were obtained from various documents of students' academic writing, such as essays, papers, and observation reports. The results of the study indicate that the dominant syntactic errors include incomplete sentence construction, inappropriate use of conjunctions, the influence of regional languages in sentence structures, inaccuracy in phrase formation, and errors in the structure of subjects, predicates, and objects. These findings reflect students' weak mastery of Indonesian language syntax rules. Therefore, more effective learning strategies are needed, such as the use of discovery-based learning methods and providing direct feedback, to improve students' syntactic competence. Syntactic error analysis not only functions as an evaluation of language skills, but also as a basis for developing contextual and relevant teaching materials.  

Indonesian language has an important role in education, especially in shaping students’ literacy skills through text-based learning. One type of text taught in the Merdeka Curriculum is anecdote text. This study aims to identify and describe the forms of syntactic errors in anecdote texts in the book Cerdas Cergas Berbahasa dan Bersastra Indonesia for SMA / SMK class X. The method used is descriptive qualitative with error analysis approach according to Ellis’ model. The data were collected through listening and note-taking techniques, and analyzed through the stages of identification, classification, and evaluation of errors. The results of the analysis show the existence of various errors, including the use of non-standard words, incorrect word writing, inappropriate diction, excessive word usage, conjunction errors, and punctuation errors. The findings emphasize the importance of improving the quality of language in textbooks, as errors in books can affect students' language skills. Theoretically, this study expands the study of syntactic errors in the narrative text genre. Practically, the results of this study can be a reference for teachers, book writers, and curriculum developers in improving and enhancing the quality of Indonesian teaching materials.

Intelligence is closely related to the state, because intelligence functions as an important tool and instrument to maintain the security and sovereignty of the state. Intelligence helps the state in identifying, analyzing, and overcoming threats, both from within and outside the country, and supports the formulation of effective security and defense policies so that appropriate steps can be taken to protect national interests. This writing uses a normative legal research method, namely legal research conducted by examining library materials or secondary data, also called doctrinal research, where law is often conceptualized as what is written in laws and regulations (law in books) or conceptualized as rules or norms that are benchmarks for human behavior. Intelligence at the practical level plays a role as the vanguard in the national security system. The provisions of Law Number 17 of 2011 concerning State Intelligence. which is the legal umbrella for intelligence organizers in carrying out intelligence duties and functions, where the essence of state intelligence is the first line in the national security system. Forms of legal protection for Intelligence Agency agents guaranteed by the state include personal protection, family protection, security protection, welfare protection and supervision.

The rapid development of social media has changed the learning patterns of the digital generation, including in learning Japanese. This study examines the effectiveness of short videos based on social media such as YouTube Shorts, TikTok, and Instagram Reels as a medium for learning Japanese. The study used a quantitative approach through a descriptive survey with a Likert scale instrument, involving 61 respondents who had experience teaching Japanese using short videos. The findings showed that this media effectively improved vocabulary and phrase understanding, practised pronunciation, and built learning motivation. However, its effectiveness in developing productive skills such as speaking and writing is still limited. Most respondents also stated the need for longer content to deepen mastery of the material. These findings indicate that short videos have the potential to be an interesting, practical, and easily accessible learning medium. However, the development of learning content should be directed at combining the visual appeal of short videos and communication practice-oriented materials to achieve more optimal and sustainable learning outcomes.