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Background. City Ambon is Mother city province Maluku Which consists of from 5 sub-district, and has a population that is increasing day by day Which not balanced with the area. The density of motorized vehicles is increasing also increased with the presence of various vehicles. This will potentially increase the level of pollution air Which caused by by a number of pollutant Which produced from disposal smoke motorized. Objective. For know quality air ambient at Mardika terminal Ambon city. Methods. Type study This is study descriptive that is study about inspection level nitrogen dioxide (NO 2 ) at the terminal Mardika city Ambon, with study direct to field For to obtain sample Which Then done examination at the Environmental Health Technology Center (BTKL) Laboratory, Ambon. Results. Measurement temperature at the terminal Mardika Ambon Sunday First 39.9 ºC, Sunday second -34.4 ºC, Sunday third 34.2 ºC, Sunday fourth 29.4 ºC. Measurement speed wind in terminal Mardika Ambon on Sunday First 0.3-1.7 m/sec, Sunday second 1.8 m/s, Sunday third 0.3-1.7 m/sec, Sunday fourth 1.2-3.9 m/sec. Measurement level NO 2 in terminal Mardika Ambon that is Sunday First <5.22 µg/Mm³, Sunday second <5.22 µg/Nm³, Sunday third <5.22 µg/Nm³, Sunday fourth <5.22 µg/Nm³. Conclusion. Measurement Temperature, Speed Wind and Nitrogen Dioxide (NO 2 ) all results measurement fulfil standard.

The purpose of this study is to examine the effect of service quality and relationship quality on consumer satisfaction that has an impact on consumers with their loyalty, especially in the distribution of meat reefer containers by PT Indogal Trading. The main problems identified are low loyalty and consumer satisfaction, on service issues such as late delivery, temperature fluctuations, and less than optimal complaint management. The study population consisted of 105 consumers of PT Indogal Trading in 2023 representing 50 companies, with a sample of 83 respondents using the simple random sampling method. Data collection by analyzing and collecting questionnaires with SMART PLS. The results of the study stated that service quality and relationship quality have a significant influence on consumer satisfaction and loyalty. In addition, consumer mediation of their satisfaction is specifically the influence of service quality and relationship quality on consumer loyalty. In conclusion, increasing service quality and relationships can significantly increase consumer satisfaction and loyalty. Managerial suggestions provided include increasing service consistency, better temperature management, and increasing responsiveness to consumer complaints to strengthen consumer loyalty.

POME is liquid wastewater derived from processing of palm fruit. POME contains nitrogen, phosphate, potassium, magnesium and calcium compounds, that can be used as a good fertilizer for plantations. However, before application, POME must be processed because direct use of unprocessed POME can damage the environment. PT XYZ utilizes POME as raw material for biogas through an anaerobic fermentation process to produce alternative energy for electricity generation, however, biogas production at PT XYZ  produces CH4 levels that do not meet the desired standard, namely 60%, while the value obtained is still 57%, so it can occure an incomplete combustion process in the engine. Therefore, research was carried out to analyze the influence of POME's Chemical Oygen Demand (COD) and the pH of POME as biogas raw material on the CH4 produced. Meanwhile, based on measurements of POME pH, fluctuations are caused by environmental conditions, therefore before the feed enters the biodigester, the first treatment is increasing pH until 6-7 to adjust the optimal conditions for bacteria working to break down organic substances.  The results shows that the estimated potential for a Biogas Power Plant (PLTBg) with a production capacity of fresh fruit bunches (FFB) of 60 tons/hour, the high generating capacity is influenced by the large COD value, meaning that the COD value greatly influences the CH4 produced, but must also be in accordance with Other factors that influence CH4 production such as pH, temperature, stirring and others.

This study employs a descriptive method with a case study approach. The participants in this research were pediatric patients who suffered from hyperthermia. The non-pharmacological intervention of tepid water sponge compresses is utilized effectively to lower body temperature in children. The compresses are applied to the forehead and axillary regions, and this procedure is conducted for 3 days, with each compress lasting 15 minutes. The findings from this study over the course of 3 days indicate that the use of tepid water sponge compresses is effective in reducing body temperature in children with hyperthermia.

This research aims to design and build a system for stirring and monitoring temperature and humidity for ESP32-based compost fertilizer. This system uses an ESP32 microcontroller to control compost mixing and monitor temperature and humidity conditions in real- time. Data obtained from sensors will be sent to the server for monitoring via Blynk. The implementation of this system is expected to increase the efficiency of the composting process and produce high quality compost through optimal monitoring and mixing.

This study aims to improve the health status of families so that a healthy and prosperous family is realized in the family of Mr. "Z" with menorrhagia in adolescent girls in Ngalong Hamlet, Kuta Village, Pujut District. The study was carried out by collecting all available data sheet formats through interview techniques and systemic observation. Subjective data, especially on the main complaint of menstruation for more than 10 days and changes, Blood Pressure (BP): 98/80 mmHg, Respiration (P): 18 x / i, Pulse (N): 88 x / i, Temperature (S): 36.5o C, eyes are not edematous, pale conjunctiva, white sclera. The potential diagnosis in this case is endometrium but it did not occur because it has been handled properly. Immediate action that can be taken is to collaborate with health workers and patients. The planning carried out on Ms. M aged 14 years is: informing about the results of the examination, explaining the signs and symptoms, handling menorrhagia and consulting a Sp.OG doctor. The implementation given to Ms. M with Hypermenorrhea is: informing about the results of the examination that Ms. M's general condition informs about the results of the examination, explains the signs and symptoms, treatment of menorrhagia, and consultation with a Sp.OG doctor. Evaluation is a stage of assessment of the success of the maintenance given in overcoming consultation with a Sp. DAN doctor.

This study analyses the production and quality of nest Bird swallows (SBW) in rural and urban areas of Lombok Island, as well as the level of income of SBW breeders. Survey and purposive sampling techniques: this study involved 20 respondents, 10 of each rural and urban. Data was collected through interviews, observation field, and documentation, then explained in a way. Research results show that SBW production and quality in urban areas are taller compared to rural areas, supported by policies and modern technology such as the arrangement of temperature and humidity. Total production in urban areas reached 55,25 kg, while in rural areas, it was 23,8 kg. Feed becomes the primary determinant of This difference. In rural areas, constraints such as predator disturbance and dependence on natural conditions influence production results. Meanwhile​, quality urban nests​ are superior. This research provides recommendations for improving the management of SBW cultivation in rural areas through technology transfer, training, and optimal environment management. It can increase the productivity and income of SBW breeders in general and be sustainable.

This paper presents the design and implementation of an automatic Virgin Coconut Oil (VCO) making device using an Arduino Uno microcontroller. Virgin Coconut Oil has gained popularity due to its health benefits and versatile uses in various industries. The traditional process of making VCO involves manual effort and precise timing, which can be tedious and inconsistent. The proposed automated system aims to streamline the VCO production process by integrating sensors, actuators, and a microcontroller to achieve precise control and monitoring of the process variables. The Arduino Uno microcontroller serves as the central unit for data acquisition, processing, and control, facilitating automation through programmed logic. Key components of the automated VCO maker include temperature sensors for monitoring heating stages, a motor for stirring, and relays for controlling heating elements. The system utilizes feedback loops to maintain optimal conditions during each phase of VCO production, ensuring reproducibility and quality. The design also emphasizes user-friendly operation, with an interface that provides real-time feedback on process parameters and allows manual intervention if necessary. Safety features are incorporated to prevent overheating and ensure operational reliability. Overall, the developed automatic VCO maker offers a practical solution to enhance the efficiency and consistency of VCO production, catering to both small-scale producers and commercial enterprises in the food and cosmetic industries

Chemical Oxygen Demand or Need Oxygen chemistry is amount oxygen is needed for waste organic matter in the water can​ oxidized in a way chemistry . Chemical Oxygen Demand (COD ) have the value which is size For level pollution by material organic . COD value contained in material standard such as palm oil mill effluent can converted into biogas due to its high value so that allow For produce high biogas production . On study This done data collection in direct that is with using secondary data and primary data. From the research that has been done , known that  The more high COD Removal then the more The quality of the methane gas produced is also high . This is can seen based on at COD removal of 81%, it was obtained methane gas quality by 67%. And, increasingly high COD lowered so the more The biogas production produced is also high . This is can seen based on on COD reduction of 797,716 kg resulted in biogas production of 478,629 m3.

The rapid advancement of technology has led to an increasing demand for electrical energy. One of the efforts to meet this demand is the development of micro-capacity power generation systems utilizing heat energy. Heat energy can be harnessed using thermoelectric elements. This study aims to design and develop a portable power generation system that utilizes solar heat as an energy source. The prototype uses six TEC 1-12706 thermoelectric modules to generate electricity designed specifically to recharge devices such as phones, power banks, and flashlights. Solar heat is concentrated on the thermoelectric modules using Fresnel lenses, while heatsinks are employed for cooling. The thermoelectric modules are connected in series to produce sufficient voltage, which is then boosted by a boost converter. The generated electrical energy is stored in a battery to ensure voltage stability despite temperature fluctuations. This device can also operate at night due to the energy stored in the battery. Test results show that the average output voltage without load ranges from 9.49V to 9.56V, with an average temperature of 45.2°C at the thermoelectric modules. In load tests, the device successfully charged a Pixel 5 phone (5000 mAh battery) from 4% to 70% in 95 minutes. These results demonstrate the potential of this system as a reliable and environmentally friendly portable energy solution.

A clean room is a clean room free from dust and air which can affect product quality. Factors that influence product quality are temperature, humidity and air particles. The condition of the cleanroom cannot be guaranteed to be clean and sterile at all times without a control system. Therefore, a tool was developed that can monitor, control and provide warnings if the room is not in suitable condition. In this research, the PID method was used using the split range control method to control temperature and particles to help optimize the temperature and particle control process. SHT30 sensor for temperature and humidity detection. PMS5003 sensor for air particle detection. The results of sensor detection can be monitored on the website and LCD. The output from the control system will regulate the speed of the blower motor, regulate the temperature and turn on fogging to reduce particles in the air. So the PID method with the split range control method is used as an appropriate temperature control system, so that the temperature and air particles remain in a stable condition. The results of the humidity percentage error are 1.43% and the temperature error is 1.14%, PMS5003 produces errors for particles with a size of 0.1, namely 2.3%, 0.5, namely 5.3%, 1, namely 4.2%, and 5 which is 4%. The PID control system takes approximately 885 seconds to reach 100% setpoint.

In the era of globalization, technology increases efficiency in various human activities, including plant cultivation. Chili plants require special care, especially in meeting water needs according to ideal soil moisture, which is 30% -50% for chili. Conventional monitoring methods are inefficient because they require a lot of time and energy. A new breakthrough is needed to continuously monitor temperature, air humidity, and soil moisture. The designed tool will be placed in Cipadung Village to monitor soil moisture in chili plants, which require soil moisture that is not too high. This tool facilitates monitoring through the application, allowing automatic and manual watering. Soil moisture stability is also important for tomatoes, so watering can be regulated through the application display. This tool is useful for monitoring soil moisture levels effectively, supporting plant care with stable soil moisture needs, and facilitating the watering process through the application.

Indonesia is a country with a high level of disaster vulnerability, influenced by tectonic activity and its tropical climate. This study uses the K-Means clustering method to identify and group disaster-prone areas based on the level of vulnerability. The data used included average temperature (Tavg) and rainfall (RR) which were processed using Python. The analysis process includes data collection, pre-processing, determination of key features, and evaluation of clustering quality using the Elbow and Silhouette Score methods. The results of the grouping show two main patterns, namely flood-prone areas and drought-prone areas. These findings are expected to support the government in more effective and data-based disaster mitigation planning.  

Climate change has become a global issue with significant impacts, especially in urban areas, with the Urban Heat Island (UHI) phenomenon being one of its catalysts. This research aims to analyze the effect of the Urban Heat Island phenomenon in Semarang City in 2024, triggered by population growth, urbanization, and land use changes. This research uses spatial analysis methods based on Google Earth Engine (GEE) and Landsat-8 satellite imagery to calculate surface temperature. The sampling technique uses the Purposive Sampling method. The population of this study consists of people residing or staying in the city of Semarang, and the samples are the Garnisun Field area representing South Semarang, the Tugu Muda area representing Central Semarang, and the Old Town area representing North Semarang. The research results show that the highest temperature was recorded in the Tugu Muda area, which was 37.3°C, followed by the Garnisun Field at 36.8°C and the Old Town at 36.4°C. The main factors contributing to the intensity of UHI include the conversion of vegetated land into built-up areas, emissions from motor vehicles, and the lack of green open spaces. The recommended mitigation measures are implementing environmentally friendly technologies such as green roofs, green walls, and high-albedo materials, as well as expanding green spaces in residential and commercial areas.

This research examines the effect of bricks enhancement with phase change material (PCM) consisting of paraffin on their thermal considerations. The experimental methods were aimed at investigating the mechanisms of temperature transfer throughout the thermal rounds, mimicking diurnal fluctuations of temperature. Due to the high amount of latent heat contained in paraffin a portion of it was transferred into regular bricks with temperature probes tracing the heat processes. It is shown that enhancement of bricks with PCM reduced temperature range and controlled the rate of heat transmission more than the ordinary bricks did. It was significant that the PCM-embedded bricks did not drift in heat and were able to stock up excess heat during the day and release it at night which resulted in monumental energy efficiency and comfort in thermal standing. The conversation additionally seeks to bring out the function of paraffin in insulation which does not only save energy consumption but goes forward to maintain comfortable temperatures within the building. The study finally achieved its goal and assert that energy saving with the use of PCM enhanced bricks in construction makes it a preferable material in regards to energy and the fight against climate change.

Climate change poses a significant global challenge that impacts coastal ecosystems in various parts of the world, including Pangandaran Beach, Indonesia. This study aims to identify the effects of climate change, such as rising sea temperatures, increasing sea levels, and changing rainfall patterns, on biodiversity and the sustainability of coastal ecosystems in the region. The methods employed include climate data analysis, field observations, and interviews with local communities and stakeholders. Findings indicate that the coral reef ecosystems at Pangandaran Beach are experiencing declining health due to coral bleaching, while fish populations are decreasing as habitats diminish. Additionally, the increasing frequency and intensity of storms exacerbate coastal erosion and threaten the livelihoods of fishing communities. These findings underscore the urgent need for sustainable mitigation and adaptation strategies to protect coastal ecosystems and enhance the resilience of local communities against the impacts of climate change.

The goal of the article is to improve the thermal properties and energy efficiency of the walls and facades of the buildings by introducing the phase change material in the bricks. This study focuses on the thermal insulation capabilities of a paraffin-ice bag PCM mixture, aiming to enhance the thermal inertness of the bricks. The paraffin wax exhibits a high latent heat and is chemically stable, while the ice bags, with their low temperatures, serve as effective thermal regulators. They complement each other to address challenges such as the low thermal conductivity of paraffin and the leakage of low phase change transition temperature in paraffin. We made use of two types of paraffin and ice bag PCMs in a 50:50 ratio and embedded them in standard bricks. During the experiment, we coated the brick surfaces with liquid cement to enhance the hydraulic resistance of the PCM. Next, we inserted wires known as packing plugs into the bricks and filled the holes with powders. We also subjected the bricks to heating and cooling in cycles, ensuring the temperatures remained within a specified range. During the experiment, temperature sensors were utilized to capture data concerning thermal performance. The authors reached the conclusion that PCM polymer composite bricks possess a lot of promise such walls are being able to maintain their thermal performance parameters. When PCM-enhanced bricks are utilized, temperature changes were significantly restricted, staying constant during the times of peak heating and cooling. The PCM bricks also displayed efficient absorption and gradual release of energy due to the high energy transfer rates during phase change. This study suggests that PCM polymer composite bricks are cost-effective for the energy performance of buildings.

In  recent  years,  air  quality  has  become  an  increasingly  important  issue  in  various  cities  around  the  world.  Real-time  air  quality  monitoring  is  essential  for  identifying  pollution  problems  and  taking  appropriate  actions.  This  article  discusses  the  design  of  an  Internet  of  Things  (IoT)-based  air  quality  monitoring  system  using  the  prototype  method.  The  system  is  designed  to  monitor  air  quality  parameters  such  as  PM2.5,  PM10,  CO2,  and  temperature  in  real-time  and  present  the  data  to  users  through  a  web-based  application.

Kombucha tea is a drink produced through a fermentation process of a mixture of tea and sugar using kombucha culture or also called SCOOBY ( Symbiotic Culture of Bacteria and Yeast) . The basic ingredients for making kombucha tea are granulated sugar solution and tea bags, in this study it was varied using fruit skin. Vitamin C is known as an important antioxidant found in many fruits, including in rujak fruit skin which is often considered waste. The purpose of this study was to determine the levels of vitamin C in kombucha tea fermented from fruit skin waste. This study used qualitative and quantitative methods. The qualitative method uses the Benedict test and the quantitative method uses the calculation of the percentage of vitamin C content using the iodimetric titration method. The results of the qualitative analysis of the Benedict test were positive for vitamin C with a change in the color of the sample solution to green-yellowish and the analysis of the percentage of vitamin C content obtained a result of 2.3124% or equal to 0.23124 mg / 10 mL of sample solution. The vitamin C content of kombucha tea can vary depending on the base ingredients used, fermentation time, and storage temperature.

Purpose – This article aims to develop an integrative framework for utilizing hybrid bio-ceramic composites as high-temperature protective materials in aerospace and defense systems. The focus is on enhancing the extreme heat resistance of bio-ceramics through hybridization with metals or polymers to create durable materials capable of withstanding hypersonic conditions and extreme aerothermal environments. Design/Methodology/Approach – This study uses the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, analyzing scientific publications indexed by Scopus, Web of Science, and SINTA from 2015 to 2025. The review explores the development of bio-ceramic composite research, hybridization strategies with polymers and lightweight metals, and manufacturing innovations that enhance material performance in thermal protection systems for aerospace applications. Findings – The literature review shows that hybrid bio-ceramic composites outperform conventional materials. These composites can endure temperatures up to 1800 °C, possess high resistance to oxidation, ablation, and thermal shock, and are lightweight for aeronautical use. Biomimetic designs inspired by mollusk shells and bones improve fracture toughness and mechanical performance. Hybridization with polymers and lightweight metals expands the potential applications in hypersonic aircraft and modern defense systems. Practical Implications – The findings are crucial for developing jet engine shields, hypersonic missiles, and space re-entry capsules. For Indonesia, this research offers opportunities to reduce reliance on imported high-temperature materials and enhance national defense industry independence. Originality/Value – The article contributes a new perspective by highlighting bio-ceramic hybrids as strategic materials capable of withstanding extreme temperatures, integrating biomimetic principles and composite technology for modern defense systems.