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This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

This study aims to comprehensively describe the psychological dynamics of Natta's character in the novel Rumah Tanpa Cahaya through the framework of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. The main focus of the study is to analyze the structural interactions of personality including the Id, Ego, and Superego, and to identify various self defense mechanisms activated by the character due to the internal conflict he experiences. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literary psychology approach as the main analytical basis for dissecting the hidden inner character. The results of the study indicate that Natta's character's behavior is a form of integrative struggle that demands immediate gratification (Id), rational consideration of painful reality (Ego), and strong moral pressure from the internalization of social norms (Superego). Natta's Id demands the fulfillment of basic needs for security and affection. Meanwhile, the Superego provides moral pressure that triggers disproportionate anxiety. Natta's Ego operates as a mediator that works hard to balance the drives of the Id and the demands of the Superego, which forces the Ego to activate self-defense mechanisms such as repression, rationalization, and especially sublimation. This mechanism serves as a psychic barrier to maintain her mental stability and prevent her from experiencing total collapse due to the accumulation of past trauma. Overall, this novel depicts the complexity of the human psyche in the face of existential crises and unresolved past wounds.

This Community Service Program aims to enhance the understanding of parents, Madrasah Tsanawiyah students, and the community of Karangbong Village regarding the history of developmental psychology and major child development theories. The program was initiated due to the community’s limited knowledge of developmental concepts, which affects the quality of parenting practices. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through observation, interviews, educational sessions, and discussions, the program presented essential materials covering the history of developmental psychology, Piaget’s cognitive development theory, Erikson’s psychosocial stages, and Vygotsky’s sociocultural theory. The results indicate a significant improvement in participants’ comprehension of developmental stages and their ability to apply appropriate parenting strategies. The program also reinforced the awareness that child development is a responsibility and divine trust that must be nurtured optimally. Overall, this activity contributes to the development of informed, adaptive, and development-oriented parenting within the community.

This study analyzes the economic phenomenon known as the "Purbaya Effect" in the Indonesian capital market during the second half of 2025. This phenomenon is characterized by a significant surge in the Jakarta Composite Index (IHSG), which broke the All-Time High (ATH) record 21 times within four months following the appointment of Purbaya Yudhi Sadewa as Minister of Finance. Using a mixed-methods approach combining quantitative market data analysis and qualitative policy review, this research finds that the "Purbaya Effect" is driven by aggressive liquidity injection policies (Rp 200 trillion), institutional trust built during his tenure at LPS, and strong narrative economics. However, this study also identifies significant risks related to exchange rate volatility and potential economic overheating. The findings suggest that while the "Purbaya Effect" successfully restored short-term investor confidence, long-term sustainability depends on the balance between growth acceleration and macroeconomic stability.

This study examines the role of teachers as Islamic counselors in addressing various psychological problems experienced by students, such as learning anxiety, academic stress, low self-confidence, difficulty controlling emotions, and social problems such as bullying. Teachers serve not only as instructors, but also as murabbi, mursyid, and moral role models in guiding students' spiritual and emotional development. The study used a qualitative method with a library study approach, where data were obtained through relevant literature related to Islamic counseling, Islamic education, and student psychology. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of Islamic counseling through strategies such as mau'izhah hasanah, tazkiyah an-nafs, prayer and dhikr, empathy development, and collaboration with guidance and counseling teachers and parents has been proven to reduce students' anxiety and stress levels, increase learning motivation, strengthen morals and character, and provide spiritual peace. Thus, teachers play a strategic role in creating a holistic educational environment and supporting students' psychological well-being. In addition, the implementation of Islamic counseling also plays a role in building students' mental resilience in facing academic and social pressures. In the long term, this will strengthen the Islamic values ​​applied in students, while creating a more resilient and noble generation.

The Professional Work Lecture (KKP) at the Makassar Class I Prison aims to support the process of fostering Correctional Assisted Citizens (WBP) through recreational activities based on fun games. This program was implemented in response to the condition of WBPs who often experience boredom, psychological stress, and limitations in positive activities during the coaching period. This study uses a descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, observations, and interviews involving 30 WBPs, to identify needs and evaluate the impact of the implementation of activities. Fun games activities are carried out through several stages, namely planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, by adjusting the conditions and rules that apply in the prison environment. The results of the implementation show that this activity is able to create a more positive atmosphere, increase a sense of togetherness, and help WBP in expressing and managing emotions in a healthier way. The results of the post-activity survey showed that 19 WBPs stated that they were very satisfied and 18 WBPs felt very happy after participating in fun games. Thus, fun games activities have proven to be effective as a coaching strategy that supports the improvement of the psychological welfare of WBP and can be used as an alternative to non-formal coaching programs in correctional institutions.

Wanita memiliki banyak masalah  pada  area  vagina.  Kebanyakan  kasus  yang  terjadi  adalah  keputihan.  Keputihan  atau  dalam bahasa  medis  disebut  dengan  flour  albus  merupakan  keluarnya  cairan  yang  berlebihan  dari vagina  yang  bukan  darah  haid. Pengobatan  keputihan  non  farmakologis  dapat  dilakukan  dengan  perubahan  tingkah  laku  personal  hygiene,  psikologis,  serta menggunakan daun sirih. Daun sirih telah terbukti secara ilmiah dapat menghambat pertumbuhan Candida albicans pada berbagai konsentrasi (20-100%).  Berdasarkan  data  yang  didapat  di  Desa Majungan Kecamatan Pademawu kabupaten Pamekasan  pada  tanggal  18  Juli  2025  terdapat remaja usia reproduktif yang mengalami keputihan sejumlah 8 orang, rata –rata usia 18-22 tahun. Berdasarkan data yang didapat di Desa Majungan Kecamatan Pademawu Kabupaten Pamekasan pada tanggal 18 Juli 2025 terdapat remaja usia reproduktif yang mengalami keputihan sejumlah 8 orang dari 35 remaja lainnya,  rata –rata  usia  18-22  tahun  wanita  usia  reproduktif  di  Desa Majungan Kecamatan Pademawu Kabupaten Pamekasan ini belum pernah mengetahui banyak manfaat pada daun sirih hijau, sehingga tim  pengabdian  kepada  Masyarakat  tertarik  untuk  melakukan  Pendidikan  Kesehatan dalam  bentuk  penyuluhan  terkait  manfaat  air  rebusan  daun  sirih  terhadap  fluor  albus pada wanita usia reproduktif di Desa Majungan Kecamatan Pademawu.

Perkembangan anak merupakan aspek fundamental dalam pendidikan Islam yang memandang anak sebagai makhluk biologis, psikologis, dan spiritual yang membawa fitrah sejak lahir. Fitrah dipahami sebagai potensi bawaan yang mengarah pada tauhid dan nilai-nilai kebaikan, sehingga pemahaman terhadap fitrah dan tahapan perkembangan anak menjadi dasar penting dalam perancangan pembelajaran yang efektif dan bermakna. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji konsep fitrah anak serta relevansinya dengan proses perkembangan dan pembelajaran dalam perspektif Islam, sekaligus mengidentifikasi pandangan psikologi pendidikan Islam terhadap tahapan perkembangan anak. Metode yang digunakan adalah studi literatur dengan menelaah buku ilmiah dan artikel jurnal akademik dari basis data terpercaya. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa fitrah anak menjadi landasan utama perkembangan dan pembelajaran yang mencakup dimensi spiritual, moral, intelektual, emosional, dan sosial. Psikologi pendidikan Islam memandang perkembangan anak sebagai proses bertahap dan holistik melalui integrasi aspek jasmani, akal, dan rohani dengan prinsip tarbiyah yang gradual dan kontekstual. Pembelajaran menempatkan anak sebagai subjek aktif, berorientasi pada pembentukan karakter dan kesadaran spiritual selain capaian kognitif. Dengan demikian, psikologi pendidikan Islam menawarkan paradigma pendidikan holistik yang relevan dalam mengembangkan potensi anak menuju insan kamil.

Penelitian ini menganalisis peran motivasi spiritual dalam meningkatkan ketahanan belajar siswa muslim di SD IT Ar Risalah Miri dengan menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif studi kasus. Data dikumpulkan melalui wawancara mendalam, observasi partisipatif, dan analisis dokumen terhadap siswa kelas IV-VI, guru, dan manajemen sekolah. Temuan penelitian mengungkapkan bahwa motivasi spiritual berkontribusi fundamental terhadap pembentukan resiliensi akademik melalui empat dimensi utama: kesadaran menuntut ilmu sebagai ibadah, penerapan nilai kesabaran dalam menghadapi kesulitan pembelajaran, manifestasi ketekunan dalam konsistensi belajar, dan sikap tawakal yang mengurangi kecemasan akademik. Program pembiasaan keagamaan yang sistematis meliputi shalat dhuha berjamaah, tadarus Al-Qur'an, hafalan berjenjang, dan mentoring spiritual personal terbukti efektif menginternalisasi nilai-nilai spiritual dalam perilaku belajar siswa. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa integrasi dimensi spiritual tidak hanya meningkatkan motivasi intrinsik tetapi juga membangun fondasi psikologis untuk menghadapi tekanan akademik. Penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi teoretis terhadap pengembangan model pendidikan Islam terpadu holistik dan implikasi praktis bagi stakeholder pendidikan dalam merancang kebijakan berbasis spiritual untuk penguatan resiliensi akademik siswa muslim tingkat sekolah dasar.

Kecemasan akademik adalah isu yang meluas dalam pendidikan tinggi yang secara signifikan mengganggu kinerja dan kesejahteraan mahasiswa. Artikel ini mengembangkan model konseptual Komunikasi Intrapersonal Islami yang didasarkan pada prinsip Tawakkal (berserah diri kepada Tuhan) sebagai mekanisme untuk mereduksi kecemasan akademik. Dengan menggunakan pendekatan tinjauan literatur, studi ini mensintesis teori psikologi komunikasi intrapersonal (dialog diri dan restrukturisasi kognitif) dengan konsep teologis Islam tentang usaha (ikhtiar) dan penyerahan (tawakkal). Temuan ini mengusulkan Model Tiga Fase: 1) Fase Pra-Aksi (Ikhtiar), di mana komunikasi intrapersonal berfokus pada motivasi proaktif; 2) Fase Tengah-Aksi (Pembingkaian Ulang Kognitif Spiritual), di mana pikiran cemas negatif ditantang dan diinterpretasikan ulang menggunakan narasi spesifik Al-Qur'an dan Sunnah (misalnya, Laa yukallifullaahu nafsan illaa wus’ahaa); dan 3) Fase Pasca-Aksi (Tawakkal), di mana dialog diri beralih ke penerimaan total atas hasil yang telah ditentukan, sehingga melarutkan kecemasan sisa. Model ini berhipotesis bahwa Tawakkal berfungsi sebagai mekanisme stabilisasi inti, yang menyediakan jangkar kognitif akhir yang mengurangi ketidakpastian hasil yang dirasakan. Kerangka konseptual ini menawarkan sudut pandang teoritis yang orisinal untuk mengembangkan intervensi konseling berbasis agama guna menumbuhkan ketahanan akademik pada mahasiswa Muslim.

Proses belajar siswa muslim tidak hanya melibatkan kemampuan berfikir (akal), tetapi juga kemampuan dalam mengelola perasaan (emosi). Ketidakseimbangan antara emosi dan akal dapat mengganggu fokus, ketekunan, hingga hasil belajar siswa. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji keseimbangan emosi dan akal pada siswa muslim dalam proses belajar, serta peranan lingkungan pesantren dan pendidik dalam membentuk keseimbangan tersebut. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode observasi langsung dan kajian Pustaka. Observasi langsung dilakukan di Pondok Pesantren KMI Ibnu Abbas Klaten yang menaungi santri setingkat SMP dan SMA. Data dari observasi diperkuat dengan kajian pustaka dari berbagai penelitian dan berbagai teori psikologi Pendidikan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa santri yang mengendalikan emosinya dengan baik, cenderung lebih focus, tenang, dan tekun dalam proses pembelajaran. Santri tersebut juga mampu menerima teguran tanpa menunjukkan reaksi emosional yang berlebihan. Peran guru, ustadz dan musyrif yang mengedepankan keteladanan, keseimbangan antara kelembutan dengan ketegasan, serta penanaman adab sebelum ilmu terbbukti memberikan kontribusi yang besar tehadap keseimbangan emosi dan akal santri. Kesimpulan penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa keseimbangan emosi dan akal yang didukung oleh nilai-nilai islam berperan penting dalam peningkatan hasil belajar siswa muslim.

Fenomena toxic positivity semakin terlihat pada remaja, ketika mereka merasa wajib menunjukkan kebahagiaan meski sedang mengalami tekanan psikologis. Sikap ini dapat menghambat ekspresi emosi yang wajar serta memperparah kondisi mental. Penelitian ini bertujuan mengkaji toxic positivity melalui perspektif Ilmu Kalam dengan menyoroti pemaknaan emosi manusia, ujian hidup, dan prinsip keseimbangan emosional dalam ajaran Islam. Metode yang digunakan adalah kajian literatur berbasis Studi Islam terhadap nash dan pemikiran teolog klasik maupun kontemporer, serta teori psikologi remaja. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa Ilmu Kalam mengakui kesedihan dan kegelisahan sebagai bagian fitrah. Dengan demikian, teologi Islam dapat menjadi dasar pendekatan mental health yang lebih empatik.

This study aims to analyze the reflection table in the book Wonderful Insight English class VII published by Erlangga in 2023 based on the perspective of Wilhelm Wundt's structuralism psychology. The reflection table contains five main statements, namely Now I know about, I wonder about, It is confirmed that, My misconception so far was that, and I have learnt about, which are designed to help students evaluate their learning experiences. The research uses a descriptive qualitative method with a document analysis approach, and utilizes the concept of introspection and elements of consciousness in Wundt's theory of structuralism. The results of the analysis showed that each statement of reflection represented a different stage of consciousness. Now I know about marking the emergence of new knowledge, I wonder about reflecting curiosity and further thinking process, It is confirmed that it shows the strengthening of the understanding that has been had, My misconception so far was that it reveals awareness of misconceptions, while I have learnt about affirming the final result of learning. These findings confirm that the reflection table in the book has facilitated the process of student introspection, while strengthening learning awareness in line with the principles of structuralism psychology Wilhelm Wundt. Thus, reflection is an important instrument in building students' cognitive awareness in 21st century learning.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis strategi sekolah dalam mencegah dekadensi moral siswa di SMK Al–Azami Cianjur. Fenomena kemerosotan moral di kalangan pelajar menjadi tantangan serius di era modern, sehingga lembaga pendidikan Islam dituntut untuk berperan aktif dalam pembinaan karakter. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode deskriptif yang dilaksanakan di SMK Al–Azami Cianjur selama Oktober–November 2025. Data dikumpulkan melalui observasi dan wawancara dengan kepala sekolah, guru, serta peserta didik, kemudian dianalisis secara deskriptif kualitatif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa pencegahan dekadensi moral dilakukan melalui lima strategi utama: (1) pembiasaan religius melalui kegiatan shalat berjamaah, shalat dhuha, puasa sunnah, dan budaya 5S (senyum, salam, sapa, sopan, santun); (2) penguatan pendidikan moral dan etika di setiap mata pelajaran dan kegiatan ekstrakurikuler; (3) pendampingan psikologis melalui layanan Bimbingan dan Konseling (BK) serta kerja sama dengan lembaga STIFIn untuk mengenali potensi siswa; (4) kolaborasi aktif antara sekolah, orang tua, dan masyarakat; serta (5) penerapan disiplin yang tegas namun mendidik. Strategi tersebut membentuk ekosistem pendidikan yang harmonis dan berakar pada nilai-nilai Islam. Implikasi penelitian ini menegaskan bahwa pendidikan karakter berbasis pembiasaan dan keteladanan efektif dalam membentuk generasi berakhlak mulia, disiplin, dan bertanggung jawab di tengah tantangan moral abad ke-21.

This study aims to examine the contribution of educational psychology in the context of Christian education, particularly for educators, school principals, Christian Religious Education (CRE) teachers, Sunday school teachers, pastors, elders, and church servants. This theoretical study shows that educational psychology helps in understanding the characteristics of learners, optimizing teaching methods, building effective teacher-student relationships, and enhancing motivation and involvement in the learning and preaching process. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data through a review of books, literature, journals, notes, and relevant reports. Educational psychology plays a significant role for all those involved in Christian education and ministry. CRE teachers and Sunday school teachers have a crucial role in instilling faith values in the younger generation by understanding the learning needs of children according to their cognitive and spiritual development stages. This enables them to deliver God's word in an engaging and meaningful way. Meanwhile, pastors, elders, and church servants require an understanding of educational psychology to carry out more wise pastoral ministry. Psychological understanding helps them provide spiritual guidance, counseling, and support for members who are struggling. Educational psychology also equips church servants to lead with empathy, listen with their hearts, and guide the congregation towards true spiritual restoration. The integration of educational psychology with Christian faith significantly impacts the improvement of learning and church ministry, producing individuals who are intellectually, emotionally, and spiritually balanced.

The advancement of digital technology has transformed children's media consumption patterns, marked by the growing use of short video content such as TikTok, YouTube Shorts, and Instagram Reels. This study aims to explore the psychological impacts of short video addiction on elementary school-aged children, focusing on cognitive, affective, and social aspects. Using a phenomenological qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation involving 10 children, 7 parents, and 4 teachers from two elementary schools. The findings indicate that children who intensively access short videos (more than two hours per day) experience reduced concentration, emotional instability, and social withdrawal. These results were analyzed using theoretical frameworks from Piaget (cognitive), Krathwohl (affective), Erikson and Bandura (social), and Young’s digital addiction model. The main conclusion reveals that short video addiction negatively affects children's developmental tasks, including logical thinking abilities, emotional regulation, and social skills. Therefore, digital literacy-based interventions and active supervision by parents and teachers are essential to prevent the long-term detrimental impacts on children's psychological development.

Modern students face high academic, social, and personal pressures, but Christian Religious Education has not yet maximized the potential of religious-based resilience. This study aims to: (1) analyze how the biblical values of faith, hope, and love can strengthen the components of students' psychological resilience in the cognitive, emotional, and spiritual dimensions; and (2) identify the integration mechanism between biblical teachings and psychological strategies in Christian Religious Education learning that can increase students' resilience in facing academic and personal stress. The method used is descriptive qualitative with a literature study approach to various journals, articles, and related academic sources. The results of the study show that the biblical values of faith, hope, and love are fundamental pillars that strengthen students' psychological resilience as a whole. Faith provides a foundation of self-confidence and personal competence, hope activates optimism and sustained motivation, while love builds healthy social relationships and essential emotional support. These three values work synergistically to strengthen students' emotional regulation, problem analysis, empathy, and self-efficacy. The deep integration of biblical teachings and psychology in PAK learning through biblical narratives, secure parenting relationships, supportive communities, and reflective feedback has proven effective in holistically improving student resilience. In conclusion, PAK learning that explicitly integrates biblical values with psychological resilience strategies is a transformative instrument for shaping students into individuals who not only perform well academically but are also spiritually strong, psychologically resilient, and ready to face complex life situations in accordance with the principles of 1 Corinthians 13:13 regarding faith, hope, and love

This study examines a critical perspective on the concept of rationality, which has long been regarded as the primary foundation of logical and objective decision-making. Using a qualitative approach through a literature study method, this research explores the integration of psychological, philosophical, and socio-cultural dimensions in understanding the limitations and complexities of human rationality. The findings reveal that rationality is not entirely neutral or free from bias. The psychological perspective highlights the influence of cognitive biases such as confirmation bias and anchoring effect, which often turn rationality into a justification for emotionally driven decisions. From a philosophical standpoint, David Hume’s argument that “reason is the slave of the passions” emphasizes the subordination of reason to emotion, while Horkheimer and Adorno reveal how modern rationality has evolved into an instrument of domination through ideologies of efficiency and control. In the socio-cultural dimension, rationality is shown to be non-universal, shaped by specific cultural and historical contexts, as exemplified by Max Weber’s concept of the “iron cage,” describing how individuals become trapped within bureaucratic systems of rationalization. The study concludes that classical rationality, characterized by its deterministic and calculative nature, is inherently bounded and insufficient to address the uncertainty and complexity of the modern world. Therefore, a new paradigm of rationality is needed—one that is integrative, reflective, and humanistic, combining logic with emotional, ethical, and social dimensions to produce decisions that are not only rational but also just and humane.

This research was conducted at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, Brebes Regency. The objectives of this research are (1) To describe the impact of bullying on students' social interactions (2) To describe the factors that influence students' social interactions after experiencing bullying. This type of research uses Qualitative research using interview and Documentation techniques. Based on the results of research conducted through interviews, observations, and documentation at Malahayu 03 Elementary School, it can be concluded that bullying has a significant impact on students' social interactions, especially for victims. These impacts can be seen in the following aspects: (1) Emotional and psychological: Students who are victims of bullying show symptoms such as feelings of worthlessness, prolonged sadness, fear of expressing opinions, and experiencing pressure to be accepted by the group. (2) Decreased social interaction: Victims tend to be alone, avoid group activities, and withdraw from the social environment of the class. (3) Decrease in academic achievement: It was found that victims of bullying experienced a decline in academic grades and difficulty concentrating while studying, as a result of the mental pressure they experienced. (4) School environment: The existence of a culture of seniority and the lack of serious handling by the school towards perpetrators of bullying causes victims to feel increasingly unsafe.

Particularly in the context of Christian Religious Education, the question of children's spiritual growth and development is a critical component in the process of character formation, resulting in a holistic personality. Children benefit greatly from the use of Christian Religious Education psychology since it helps them comprehend the importance of faith, morality, and spirituality in a way that is suitable for their stage of psychological development. Data for this study were gathered by analyzing a variety of pertinent literature sources that were linked to the research issue. The author used a qualitative method in conjunction with a library research methodology. The purpose of this study is to examine how Christian Religious Education psychology concepts might be applied to improve children's spiritual development in the smallest social settings the family, school, and church.The study's end findings show that using Christian Religious Education psychology helps kids become more aware of the principles of their faith, behave in ways that emphasize love, behave responsibly, and have a positive relationship with God. It is anticipated that this study will improve the analytical abilities of church ministers, particularly those who specialize in children's ministry, parents of children, and educators who use it as a teaching tool. It is acceptable and effective for the demands of children's spiritual growth and development when a mature and proper technique is used.