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This study aims to enhance elementary school students’ motivation to learn English and to identify the factors contributing to their low motivation. The research is grounded in the need to prepare students for the global era, in which English proficiency is an essential skill from an early age. The study employs a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method using the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations, learning outcome evaluations, and interviews with English teachers. The findings reveal that students’ low motivation is influenced by perceptions that English is difficult, the lack of engaging teaching methods, limited learning facilities, and students’ weak willingness to learn. The implemented actions—such as using songs, educational games, teaching aids, role-play activities, and interactive communication—significantly increased students’ activeness and motivation. Moreover, the study emphasizes the importance of introducing English at the elementary level, as ages 6–13 represent a critical period for language development. With appropriate external motivation and strong teacher support, English learning becomes more effective, enjoyable, and meaningful. This study recommends that English instruction continue to be implemented in elementary schools through creative teaching methods and sufficient learning facilities

Mathematics is often considered one of the most challenging subjects because it requires strong spatial and cognitive abilities, especially in geometry, which involves three-dimensional concepts. Traditional teaching methods, such as textbook illustrations and verbal explanations, are often insufficient to help students understand abstract geometric concepts. The advancement of technology, particularly Augmented Reality (AR), offers innovative learning opportunities that combine real-world environments with digital content to enhance students’ understanding through interactive visualization. This community service activity aimed to explore teachers’ perceptions of using the GLARE (Geometry Learning using Augmented Reality Experience) application as a teaching aid in geometry learning. The program included training sessions, mentoring, and discussions with mathematics teachers at the secondary school level. The results showed that teachers had positive perceptions of using AR-based learning media, considering it effective in improving students’ conceptual understanding, engagement, and learning motivation. However, challenges remain regarding limited technical skills and school facilities for AR implementation. Overall, this program contributed to increasing teachers’ competence in integrating digital technology into mathematics education and promoting innovative, interactive, and technology-based learning approaches

This study aims to analyze students’ perceptions of foreign language learning and its impact on their readiness to enter the international job market. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method, collecting data through questionnaires distributed to 100 students from various study programs across multiple faculties. The study explored students’ experiences in learning foreign languages, including perceived challenges, motivations, and the effectiveness of teaching strategies applied in the classroom. The findings indicate that foreign language proficiency has a positive correlation with students’ confidence levels, especially when facing cross-border professional challenges, international collaboration, and communication with global stakeholders. Students reported that while foreign language learning at the university is generally effective, there are areas for improvement, particularly regarding the integration of real-world contexts, industry-specific vocabulary, and interactive practice opportunities. Furthermore, the study revealed that students value opportunities for cultural exposure, international internships, and collaboration with foreign peers as part of their learning experience. Based on these findings, universities are recommended to adopt strategies such as curriculum integration, practice-based teaching methods, interdisciplinary projects, and strengthening international partnerships to better prepare students for global employment. The study concludes that foreign language mastery is not only a linguistic skill but also an essential social, cultural, and professional capital that enhances graduates’ competitiveness in the global job market. Ultimately, developing comprehensive language skills, combined with intercultural competence, will equip students with the adaptability, confidence, and communication abilities required to thrive in diverse international work environments.

Teachers are required to adopt a wise and thoughtful approach in teaching, since their perception of students will influence their attitudes and actions. Not all teachers assess students in the same way, and this affects the methods they apply in the classroom. To achieve optimal learning outcomes, teachers must take on new roles as facilitators, mediators, learning partners, and evaluators. This means creating a democratic and dialogical learning atmosphere between teachers and students, as well as among students themselves. One effective way is by applying the PAIKEM learning model (Active, Innovative, Creative, Effective, and Enjoyable). This study aims to: (1) Describe the implementation of the PAIKEM model in Islamic Religious Education for Grade VII at Darul Ishlah Junior High School. (2) Describe the obstacles encountered in applying this model. The research uses a qualitative approach with interviews, observation, and documentation as data collection techniques. Data analysis was conducted through reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the PAIKEM model has been implemented well, through discussions, opportunities for students to express opinions, group assignments, interactive communication, motivation, use of media such as videos, and enjoyable memorization. However, challenges include limited learning media, teachers’ creativity that is not yet optimal, inadequate facilities and infrastructure, and low student motivation.

This research investigates English language teachers' perceptions and practices concerning technology integration within the Indonesian educational landscape. Employing a mixed-methods approach, the study involved 120 English teachers from diverse educational levels, including primary, junior high, senior high, and higher education institutions. Participants completed an online survey, and a subset of 15 teachers was selected for follow-up interviews and classroom observations to provide deeper qualitative insights. The findings indicate a significant discrepancy between teachers’ generally positive attitudes toward the use of technology (mean score = 4.21 on a 5-point Likert scale) and the extent to which they actually implement technology in their teaching practices (mean score = 3.15). This gap suggests that favorable perceptions alone are not sufficient to ensure effective classroom integration. Through statistical analysis, four primary factors were identified as influencing technology integration. These include teachers’ digital competence (β = 0.43, p < 0.01), institutional support (β = 0.38, p < 0.01), pedagogical beliefs (β = 0.35, p < 0.01), and access to adequate infrastructure (β = 0.32, p < 0.01). These results highlight the multifaceted nature of technology integration, where both individual competencies and systemic support play crucial roles. Qualitative data further enrich the findings by illustrating the lived experiences of teachers. While educators recognize that technology can enhance student engagement, foster interactive and authentic language learning environments, and provide access to diverse resources, they encounter several challenges. These include difficulties in aligning digital tools with curricular goals, managing student behavior in tech-enhanced classrooms, and assessing learning outcomes effectively in digital contexts.

This study also highlights the importance of ongoing professional development for pre-service teachers, emphasizing that preparation for handling diverse classroom needs is crucial for effective DI implementation. Pre-service teachers identified the need for more targeted training in understanding students' individual learning styles and needs, especially when dealing with large classrooms and limited resources. The findings also suggest that collaborative learning among educators, through workshops and peer mentoring, plays a significant role in overcoming the challenges of DI. In addition, institutional support was identified as a key factor in facilitating the effective use of DI. Participants reported that a lack of resources, such as teaching aids and time, was a primary barrier to the full implementation of DI. Schools and educational institutions were urged to provide more resources and structured support systems to enable teachers to tailor their teaching methods to accommodate the varying abilities of their students. Furthermore, the integration of technology was highlighted as an effective strategy to differentiate instruction, allowing teachers to cater to diverse learning needs in a more flexible and engaging manner. For instance, digital tools such as learning management systems and interactive applications were utilized by some participants to create personalized learning paths for students, fostering both engagement and motivation. These strategies not only helped overcome some of the limitations faced by the teachers but also allowed students to engage more actively with the learning material. Ultimately, this study emphasizes that the successful implementation of Differentiated Instruction requires a collaborative effort between pre-service teachers, their educational institutions, and ongoing support systems.

This study investigates the effectiveness of an integrative learning model in improving Indonesian literature appreciation skills among high school students. A quasi-experimental design was employed, involving 120 eleventh-grade students from two public high schools in Jakarta, Indonesia. The participants were divided into two groups: the experimental group, which received instruction through the integrative learning model, and the control group, which followed traditional teaching methods. The integrative model was designed to combine language skills development—such as reading comprehension, vocabulary enrichment, and critical writing—with structured literary analysis focusing on themes, characterization, style, and cultural context. Data were collected using pre-test and post-test assessments to measure learning outcomes, observation sheets to monitor classroom activities, and student questionnaires to capture perceptions and engagement levels. The results indicated that students in the experimental group experienced a significantly higher improvement in literature appreciation skills compared to those in the control group (p < 0.05). They demonstrated enhanced abilities to interpret literary works, analyze narrative elements, and articulate critical responses to Indonesian contemporary literature. Observation data revealed that the integrative approach fostered more active participation, collaborative learning, and deeper reflection during classroom discussions. Moreover, student feedback highlighted increased motivation, enjoyment, and perceived relevance of literature learning to real-life experiences. These findings underscore the pedagogical potential of integrative learning models in secondary school literature education. By linking language proficiency with analytical and interpretative competencies, this approach not only strengthens students’ linguistic abilities but also cultivates their critical thinking, cultural awareness, and aesthetic appreciation. The study recommends the wider adoption of integrative methods in Indonesian high schools as an effective strategy for promoting meaningful and enduring engagement with literature.

This qualitative descriptive research explores the principal’s efforts to enhance teacher performance through the implementation of educational supervision at SDI Puudhombo, East Nusa Tenggara. The study aims to understand the strategies, processes, and impacts of educational supervision in improving teaching quality. Purposive sampling was used to select three informants consisting of one school principal and two classroom teachers. Data were gathered through structured interviews, allowing for in-depth exploration of participants’ experiences and perceptions. Analysis was conducted using the Miles and Huberman interactive model, involving data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing to ensure the credibility and reliability of the findings.The results reveal that educational supervision is systematically implemented twice a year, guided by a well-structured plan that outlines objectives, schedules, and targeted competencies. The principal applies a collaborative supervision approach, using classroom visitation techniques to observe teaching practices in real contexts. Post-observation, constructive feedback sessions are conducted to highlight strengths, identify areas for improvement, and provide practical recommendations for pedagogical development. Teachers demonstrate notable progress in preparing lesson plans, delivering interactive learning activities, and applying effective evaluation methods. However, certain aspects such as the integration of technology in teaching and differentiation strategies still require further enhancement. The findings indicate that educational supervision not only improves technical teaching skills but also fosters teacher professionalism, boosts work motivation, and promotes a culture of continuous improvement within the school. The study underscores the importance of consistent, supportive, and developmental supervision in elevating instructional quality. It concludes that systematic and ongoing educational supervision represents a highly effective strategy for advancing teacher performance in elementary education. This research enriches the body of literature in educational management and provides practical implications for strengthening school leadership, particularly in rural and resource-limited contexts such as East Nusa Tenggara.

Higher education is a scientific institution which has the task of carrying out education and teaching above secondary level as well as providing education and teaching based on Indonesian national culture in a scientific manner. Sexual harassment behavior is an act of harassment that can occur directly or indirectly. Where the action involves another person in unwanted sexual activity, either verbally, or actions carried out by someone to control or manipulate another person. In general, the perpetrator of sexual harassment feels that he has power that can dominate the victim, and instills that there is nothing the victim can do, because the perpetrator has certain power. Sexual harassment on campus occurs due to a legal vacuum in preventing, handling and protecting victims of sexual harassment in the tertiary environment. In cases of sexual harassment that occur among students, it can occur due to a lack of education and counseling regarding sexual activity, it can also be caused by environmental factors where the perpetrator of the harassment feels they have the opportunity to carry out acts of harassment in the university environment. This research was conducted using qualitative methods which included observation, in-depth interviews, researchers have explored the nuances and complexities related to these issues, and researchers are ready to understand perceptions and anticipatory strategies regarding whether or not the Pancasila and Citizenship Education (PPKn) study program can help in handling sexual harassment by PPKn students at FKIP Mulawarman University.

The purpose of this article is to describe the perceptions of physical education teachers and class teachers towards the role of physical education in improving the emotional well-being of elementary school students. The main focus of the discussion is how PJOK lessons not only have an impact on physical development, but also support students' emotional growth, self-confidence, discipline, and social interaction. The methods used in this paper are observation and descriptive qualitative interviews with three resource persons, namely two physical education teachers, one class teacher at SDN 5 Imbanagara Raya. Data was collected through direct question and answer sessions that explore their experiences and views in observing changes in student behavior through PJOK activities. Based on the results of the interview, it was found that PJOK has an important role as a medium for student expression, especially for those who tend to be quiet or lack confidence. Physical activities and team games help students in forming self-confidence, discipline, and cooperation skills. In addition, collaboration between class teachers and physical education teachers is also an important key in adjusting teaching approaches that are responsive to students' emotional conditions. Thus, physical education contributes significantly to creating a learning environment that supports students' mental and emotional health.

Study This aiming For know How perception student to skills teaching history teacher at SMK TI Labbaika Samarinda , type research used that is Qualitative descriptive with technique observation data collection , interviews And documentation , focus study focus on perception student onskills open And closing skills manage class , skills explain , skills give strengthening , skills ask , skills guide group , skills stage variations. Results study show that perception student about skills teaching teachers, has in accordance with skill indicators teach teacher. History teachers are rated capable convey material with clear in manage class with Good give strengthening And motivation to student as well as create atmosphere learning is fun , but There is things that need to be fixed on skills stage variations of learning media used , there are Lots media types and methods that can used in the learning process of history teachers can using different media different for students No fed up And bored during the learning process.

This community service activity aims to increase the motivation, confidence, and love of male students for traditional Acehnese art, particularly the Likok Pulo dance. This dance is characterized by its energetic and rhythmic nature, making it suitable as a dance teaching material for male students who have previously shown little interest in participating in dance activities. The methods used include demonstrations and peer tutoring, covering training in various dance movements, mastering the lyrics, and accompanying music with the rapa’i instrument. The training was conducted over three days from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM. The dancers involved were specifically male students who had previously shown little interest in dance practice. The results of the activity showed that male students were highly enthusiastic, as evidenced by their ability to master movement variations, sing lyrics, and play musical accompaniment in a short period of time, despite having never participated in dance extracurricular activities before. This activity demonstrated that selecting appropriate dance material can change students' negative perceptions of dance and serve as a medium for preserving local culture through formal education.

This study aims to explore the practices and perceptions of tutors in implementing assessment in English for Specific Purposes (ESP) instruction at non-formal language course institutions. A quantitative method was used, involving data collection through questionnaires with both closed and open-ended questions, complemented by an online interview to deepen the understanding of assessment implementation. The results show that diagnostic and formative assessments are the most frequently used types (100%), while performance-based and project-based assessments are used by 50% of the respondents. None of the tutors reported using self-assessment, indicating a limited variety in assessment methods applied. The main purposes of assessment include identifying students’ learning needs, monitoring progress, and evaluating teaching effectiveness. Despite facing challenges such as limited time and low student motivation, tutors managed to apply solutions like group discussions and peer feedback. Assessment was found to positively impact both students’ skill development and tutors’ understanding of -learners’ needs. The study concludes that assessment in ESP plays a strategic role not only as an evaluation tool but also as a diagnostic and formative mechanism that supports continuous learning. Therefore, proper understanding and contextual adaptation are essential in maximizing the role of assessment in ESP instruction.

This study aims to examine the application of varied learning methods in Pancasila Education subjects in grade 1 of SD Negeri Cipaku 2 Bogor City. The research was conducted with a descriptive approach through observation, questionnaire distribution, and document analysis. The results show that the application of differentiation strategies—including content, processes, and products—is able to increase students' enthusiasm and involvement in learning activities. Teachers first conduct diagnostic tests to map students' learning interests and needs before developing appropriate teaching methods. The students' response to learning was very positive, and the teacher felt that the strategies implemented successfully met their needs and interests. The main challenge in differentiated learning is to change the perception of students who think that the learning process is uniform. To overcome this, teachers provide an understanding that different methods are not forms of discrimination, but rather ways to adapt learning to individual needs. These findings indicate that the differentiation approach is effective in increasing the effectiveness of learning and student involvement in understanding Pancasila Education.

This community service activity aims to increase the motivation, confidence, and love of male students for traditional Acehnese art, particularly the Likok Pulo dance. This dance is characterized by its energetic and rhythmic nature, making it suitable as a dance teaching material for male students who have previously shown little interest in participating in dance activities. The methods used include demonstrations and peer tutoring, covering training in various dance movements, mastering the lyrics, and accompanying music with the rapa’i instrument. The training was conducted over three days from 2:00 PM to 5:00 PM. The dancers involved were specifically male students who had previously shown little interest in dance practice. The results of the activity showed that male students were highly enthusiastic, as evidenced by their ability to master movement variations, sing lyrics, and play musical accompaniment in a short period of time, despite having never participated in dance extracurricular activities before. This activity demonstrated that selecting appropriate dance material can change students' negative perceptions of dance and serve as a medium for preserving local culture through formal education.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the improvement of students' Arabic language skills through an internship program. The methodology used in this study is a quantitative approach to investigate the various teaching methods used during the internship program and their impact on students' Arabic language skills. We collected numerical data to assess the improvement of Arabic language skills. Pre and post-tests are used to measure progress before and after the internship program. The instruments used include Arabic language tests, questionnaires, and language skills assessment scales. The study used the Likert scale to assess participants' perceptions of the internship program In addition, the mastery of vocabulary and the teaching methods used also play an important role in improving students' Arabic language skills. This research is expected to contribute to the development of more effective Arabic teaching methods.