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This PTK research was carried out by researchers as an effort by researchers to improve the quality of Indonesian education regarding the learning outcomes of class VII students at SMPN 33 Palembang which according to researchers are still low. So the effort that will be made is a cooperative model of the Team Games Tournament (TGT) type in Civics subjects. This research was conducted using a percentage descriptive research method in order to obtain good research data. Where data is collected in collaboration with Civics subject teachers and colleagues. The calculation results show that pre-cycle activities are 41.93% with a predicate of less than 65%, so as a follow-up it is necessary to improve the learning process. Next, the researcher made an alternative choice by carrying out the learning process using the TGT type cooperative model, obtaining results of 67.74% but had not achieved the target desired by the researcher, so cycle II was carried out using the TGT type cooperative. model in class VII PPKn learning at SMP Negeri 33 Palembang reached 93.54% and achieved the desired target, so this PTK was considered successful.

This research focuses on the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) learning model to enhance student participation at SMAN 6 Pandeglang. This topic is significant because many students exhibit low engagement in collaborative learning environments. TGT, as a cooperative model, involves students in competitive games that encourage their active involvement. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method, following five steps of TGT implementation: information delivery, team formation, games, tournaments, and group awards. The findings indicate that the application of the TGT model successfully improved student participation and motivation. Students reported feeling more engaged and enthusiastic during the learning process. In conclusion, the TGT model is effective not only in increasing student participation but also in fostering 21st-century skills such as collaboration and communication.    

This Classroom Action Research aimed to enhance the mathematics learning outcomes of fourth-grade students at SDN Pakis 01 Surabaya in understanding the multiplication of whole numbers up to 100. The study involved 27 students. Data was collected through observation, tests, and documentation. The cooperative learning model, Teams Games Tournament (TGT), was implemented. Results indicated a significant improvement in students' mathematics achievement, particularly in multiplication, following the implementation of TGT. The percentage of students achieving mastery increased from 37.04% in the pre-cycle to 85.19% in Cycle II. This substantial improvement suggests that TGT effectively created an active, collaborative, and engaging learning environment, motivating students to participate more actively in the learning process. Furthermore, there was a notable increase in the class average across cycles. The implementation of TGT successfully achieved the research objective of enhancing students' understanding of the multiplication concept. Therefore, it is recommended that the TGT model be considered as an alternative to improve the quality of mathematics education in elementary schools.    

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui apakah terdapat pengaruh model pembelajaran kooperatif learning tipe TGT pada pembelajaran PAK terhadap hasil belajar siswa dikelas XI SMA Negeri Pegagan Hilir. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah jenis eksperimen Pre Eksperimental Design. Populasi adalah keseluruhan siswa-siswi kelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Pegagan Hilir yang beragama Kristen tahun ajaran 2024/2025 yang berjumlah 156 orang dan ditentukan sampel sebanyak 25 orang menggunakan teknik Cluster Sampling. Data dikumpulkan dengan angket tertutup sebanyak 20 item pada variabel X dan 25 item soal test pada variabel Y. Hasil analisis data menunjukkan bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe Teams Games Tournament (TGT) pada pembelajaran PAK terhadap hasil belajar siswa dikelas XI SMA Negeri 1 Pegagan Hilir, tahun pembelajaran 2024/2025, dibuktikan melalui analisa data berikut ini: 1) Uji persyaratan analisis: a) uji pengaruh yang positif diperoleh nilai rxy = 0,585 > rtabel(=0,05,n=25) = 0,396 dengan demikian diketahui bahwa terdapat pengaruh yang positif antara variabel X dengan variabel Y. b) Uji signifikan hubugan diperoleh nilai thitung= 3,462 > ttabel(=0,05,dk=n-2=23)= 2,069 dengan demikian terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara variabel X dengan variabel Y. 2) Uji pengaruh: a) Uji persamaan regresi, diperoleh persamaan regresi . b) Uji koefisien determinasi regresi (r2) = 34,3%. Dengan demikian Ha diterima dan H0 ditolak.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui Pengaruh yang Positif dan Signifikan Model Pembelajaran Teams Games Tournament terhadap Konsentrasi Belajar Siswa dalam Pembelajaran PAK dan Budi Pekerti di Kelas VIII SMP N 4 Tarutung Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Metode yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini adalah metode Kuantitatif dengan jenis penelitian quasi eksperiment yaitu kelompok pertama di beri perlakuan (X1) dan kelompok kedua (X2)  tidak di beri perlakuan. Populasi adalah seluruh siswa kelas VIII SMP Negeri 4 Tarutung Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024 berjumlah 122 siswa dan ditetapkan sampel dengan menggunakan Purposive Sampling yaitu siswa kelas VIII4 berjumlah 31 orang sebagai kelas ekperimen dan siswa kelas VIII2 berjumlah 32 orang sebagai kelas kontrol. Data penelitian dianalisa menggunakan uji t Pooled Varians diperoleh nilai thitung=24,138>ttabel=2,000 dan berada pada daerah kurva penolakkan Ho dan penerimaan Ha yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan model pembelajaran teams games tournament (TGT) terhadap Konsentrasi belajar siswa dalam pembelajaran PAK dan Budi Pekerti di Kelas VIII SMP N 4 Tarutung Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Konsentrasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti siswa dengan model teams games tournament lebih tinggi perolehan rata-rata keseluruhan yaitu 3,79 dibandingkan Konsentrasi Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti siswa dengan model konvesional yang memperoleh rata-rata keseluruhan yaitu 2,81.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara  Model Discovery Learning Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Kelas Xl SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan populasi 231 siswa dan sampel yang diambil 20% sehingga sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 46 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket tertutup sebanyak 42 item soal pertanyaan yang dimana 15 item angket untuk variabel X dan 27 item untuk variabel Y yang telah di uji cobakan kepada 30 siswa diluar sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Model Discovery Learning Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Kelas Xl SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. 1) Uji hubungan rhitung>rtabel yaitu 0,600>0,291; 2) Uji signifikan thitung>ttabel yaitu 4,975>2,021; 3) Uji determinasi yaitu 36,0%, 4) Persamaan regresi diperoleh dari ; 5) Uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji F diperoleh Fhitung>Ftabel = (= 0,05,dk pembilang k=16,dk penyebut = n-2 = 46-2=44) yaitu 18,18>1,51. Dengan demikian Ha yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Model Discovery Learning Terhadap Keaktifan Belajar Siswa pada Mata Pelajaran Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Kelas Xl SMA Negeri 1 Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024 diterima dan H0 ditolak.

The background to this research is the low student learning outcomes which are less than the KKTP, namely 75. Many students are busy alone and do not pay attention to the teacher and the learning model is less interesting. The teacher uses a lecture learning model and uses an LCD to play guessing games. The aim of this research is to improve the learning outcomes of grade 2 students at SD N 1 Karangduren by using the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model. This research is classroom action research which lasts for two cycles consisting of planning, action implementation, observation and reflection stages. The research subjects were 2nd grade students SD N 1 Karangduren. The data collection technique in this research is pre-test and post-test questions which consist of multiple choice, matching, true-false and description questions. Based on the research results obtained on Building Space material, it can be improved by using the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model. The incrase in learning outcomes can be seen from the initial condition, the average value is 29%. In cycle I there was an incrase with an average of 47%. The in cycle II there was an incrase with an average og 88%.

Education is an important key in the formation of an intelligent nation. The background of this study is the decrease in concentration and inactivity of students in learning Indonesian Language, especially in the hours before the end of learning at school. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles with the aim of increasing the concentration and learning activity of students in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya through the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning model in learning Indonesian Language Argumentation Text material. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study show that the application of this TGT method can increase the concentration and learning activity of participants in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya on the Argumentation Text material. This can be seen from the increase in observations, interviews, and test results. Students' learning activities and critical thinking ability have increased with the percentage of score acquisition in cycle 2 higher than in cycle 2. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning learning model allows students to discuss with each other in learning, and can help each other, so that it can increase the activeness and involvement of students during the learning process. In addition, this method helps learners to develop their thinking and communication skills with other friends.

The research aims to determine the positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character in Class The research hypothesis is that there is a positive and significant influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Characteristics of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. This research is a regression research using Inferential Statistics techniques. The population of all class XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang who are Protestant Christians is 138 people. Random sampling (random sampling) is 30% of the total population, namely 40 people. The research instrument is a closed questionnaire. From the determination coefficient test, the value r2 = 0.555 is obtained. From the determination value (r2), it can be seen that the percentage of influence between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character of Class XI Students of SMA Negeri 1 Ujung Padang, Simalungun Regency, Academic Year 2023/ 2024 is 55.5%. The results of the analysis requirements obtained values ​​rxy = 0.745> rtable = 0.312 and tcount = 6.896> ttable = 2.024 showing that there is a relationship between the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) model and Christian Religious Education Learning Motivation and Character Characteristics of Students and obtained a regression equation Ŷ = 19.72 +0.564X. Hypothesis testing obtained Fcount=47.55>Ftable=4.09 so H0 is rejected and Ha is accepted. The research concluded that there was a positive and significant influence of the Teams Games Tournaments (TGT) Model on the Learning Motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character of Class

The aim of the research is to determine the interest of class IV SDN 02 Taman Madiun in learning science and science material on plant parts by applying the TGT type cooperative learning model. Using the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method which was carried out in two cycle meetings. Stages include observation, planning, implementation, and reflection consisting of each cycle. 7 class IV students at SDN 02 Taman Madiun were used as research subjects. Data collection instruments consist of interviews, questionnaires, observations and documentation. The results of the research prove that fourth grade students' interest in learning science and science material about plant parts has increased after implementing the TGT type cooperative model.  The percentage of interest results increased, initially 68.52% in the first practice cycle meeting, then increasing to 85.26% after the second practice cycle meeting. These results become an alternative strategy to achieve interest in learning for class IV SDN 02 Taman as expected through the implementation of the TGT type cooperative model.

This study was conducted by looking at the low learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in the previous material, namely SPLTV. This study was conducted with the aim of improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the quadratic equation material by implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall. This study is included in classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. The subjects of the study used were 36 class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research data were obtained through pretest, observation, and posttest. The analysis data from the pretest and posttest results were in the form of quantitative data which would be used to determine the increase in student learning outcomes. While the analysis data from the observation results in the form of qualitative data were used as a guideline to improve and perfect learning activities from cycle I to cycle II. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, it shows that implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall on the quadratic equation material can improve the learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The classical completeness of the pretest cycle I was 44.4%. After the implementation of the TGT type cooperative learning model, there was an increase to 77.8% in the posttest of cycle I. In cycle II, it increased again to 94.6% with a classical completion target of 85%.

This study aims to improve students' learning outcomes in analyzing the intrinsic elements of short stories through the application of Team Games Tournament (TGT) learning model in class XI-D3 SMAN 9 Surabaya. This research was conducted in two cycles, with each cycle including four stages: planning, action, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through classroom observation, field notes, learning outcome tests, and analysis of intrinsic elements of short stories by students. The results showed that the application of the TGT learning model was effective in improving students' learning outcomes in analyzing the intrinsic elements of short stories. This improvement can be seen from the increase in students' test scores from cycle 1 to cycle 2. This study suggests that the TGT learning model can be used as an effective alternative learning strategy to improve students' learning outcomes in analyzing the intrinsic elements of short stories. In addition, this study also shows that short stories are the right learning media to develop students' analytical skills.

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui pengaruh positif dan signifikan antara  Model Team games tournament Terhadap Minat Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas X SMK St. Nahanson Parapat Kecamatan Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode penelitian kuantitatif deskriptif, dengan populasi 126 siswa dan sampel yang diambil 25% sehingga sampel penelitian ini sebanyak 32 siswa dengan menggunakan teknik Random Sampling. Instrument yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini menggunakan angket tertutup sebanyak 30 item soal pertanyaan yang dimana 15 item angket untuk variabel X dan 15 item untuk variabel Y yang telah di uji cobakan kepada 32 siswa diluar sampel penelitian. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adanya pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Model Team games tournament Terhadap Minat Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas X SMK St. Nahanson Parapat Kecamatan Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024. 1) Uji hubungan rhitung>rtabel yaitu 0,603>0,349; 2) Uji signifikan thitung>ttabel yaitu 4,140>2,042; 3) Uji determinasi yaitu 36,36%, 4) Persamaan regresi diperoleh dari ; 5) Uji hipotesis dengan menggunakan uji F diperoleh Fhitung>Ftabel = (= 0,05,dk pembilang k =16,dk penyebut = n-2 = 32-2=30) yaitu 12,95>1,62. Dengan demikian Ha yaitu terdapat pengaruh yang positif dan signifikan antara Model Team games tournament Terhadap Minat Belajar Pendidikan Agama Kristen dan Budi Pekerti Siswa Kelas X SMK St. Nahanson Parapat Kecamatan Sipoholon Kabupaten Tapanuli Utara Tahun Pembelajaran 2023/2024 diterima dan H0 ditolak.

This study aims to implement the cooperative learning model of Team Games Tournament (TGT) to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts on fractions at SDN 07 Tilamuta. The research method used is classroom action research (CAR) with two cycles, each consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were 30 fifth-grade students. The results indicate that the application of the TGT learning model can enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This is evidenced by the increase in the average test scores of concept understanding in each cycle. In the first cycle, the average student score was 65, which increased to 80 in the second cycle. Furthermore, students' learning activities also improved, marked by their active participation in group discussions and game tournaments. In conclusion, the implementation of the TGT cooperative learning model is effective in improving students' understanding of mathematical concepts on fractions at SDN 07 Tilamuta. It is recommended that teachers consider using this learning model in teaching mathematics for other topics as well.

This research is motivated by the low interest of students in learning Civics subjects because students feel bored, fed up with learning carried out using the lecture method so that students are not interested in participating in learning. This study aims to increase the interest of fourth grade students of SDIT Muhammadiyah 01 Kotapinang in Civics subjects by implementing a cooperative learning model of the TGT (Team Games Tournament) type based on liveworksheets. This research is a classroom action research (PTK). The subjects in this study were 15 fourth grade students of SDIT Muhammadiyah 01 Kotapinang. While the object of this research is the application of the TGT (Team Games Tournament) learning model based on liveworksheets media to increase students' interest in learning. This research was conducted in two cycles, each cycle was carried out for two meetings. Each cycle consists of four stages, namely planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results of the study on the application of the TGT learning model based on liveworksheets in the Civics subject of class IV SDIT Muhammadiyah 01 Kotapinang are that in cycle I, teacher activity was 81.25% in the good category, student activity was 71.25% in the sufficient category and student learning interest was 72.91% in the sufficient category. In cycle II, the results of the application of the TGT model based on liveworksheets increased, teacher activity was 96.25% in the very good category, student activity was 91.25% in the very good category and student learning interest was 92.91% in the very good category. The results of this study indicate that the application of the TGT (Team Games Tournament) type cooperative learning model based on liveworksheets in class IV SDIT in Civics subjects can increase student learning interest.

Di MA Ghozaliyah Sumbermulyo Kecamatan Jogoroto Kabupaten Jombang, khususnya kelas X IPS pelajaran ekonomi yang membahas tentang konsep koperasi dan koperasi sekolah sangat sulit difahami dan hasil belajar siswa masih rendah, Model pembelajaran yang sudah di terapkan di MA Ghozaliyah : ceramah, diskusi dan tanya jawab. Namun masih sulit terjadi interaksi aktif baik antara siswa dengan siswa maupun siswa dengan guru. sehingga peneliti  menerapkan model pembelajaran perpaduan problem based learning (PBL) dan cooperative tipe team geams tournament(TGT). Agar  hasil belajar secara klasikal bisa mencapai ketuntasan. Tujuan dalam penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui bagaimana menerapkan perpaduan model pembelajaran  problem based learning (PBL) dan cooperative tipe teams games tournament (TGT) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa siswi kelas X-IPS serta untuk mengetahui kekurangan dan kelebihan perpaduan model pembelajaran  problem based learning (PBL) dan cooperative tipe teams games tournament (TGT) dalam meningkatkan hasil belajar siswa siswi kelas X-IPS. Pendekatan yang di gunakan penelitian ini adalah pendekatan kuantitatif. Metode yang di gunakan adalah survey, kuisioner,  eksperimen, observasi, dan wawancara terstruktur. Penelitian ini melalui penerapan perpaduan model pembelajaran PBL (problem based learning) dan TGT ( Team Games Turnament) telah berhasil di laksanakan dengan 2 pertemuan yakni melalui pos-test dan pre-test. Setelah di terapkan Perpaduan Model Pembelajaran Problem Based Learning (PBL) dan Team Games Tournamen (TGT), maka meningkat dengan signivikan. Hasil pengamatan guru mengalami peningkatan. Dari pre-test  di peroleh sekor 25. Dengan prosentase 62,5% meningkat pada  post-test menjadi 37 dengan prosentase 91,4%.Jadi dapat di nyatakan berhasil karena memperoleh nilai 91,4% hal ini termasuk pada kriteria sangat baik.

Penelitian ini menganalisis bagaimana penggunaan model pembelajaran yang menggunakan pembelajaran kolaboratif, dapat digunakan untuk kegiatan belajar matematika. Penelitian ini akan memperjelas mengenai implementasi dari penggunaan model pembelajaran teams games tournament berbasis permainan ranking 1 dalam pembelajaran matematika. Studi dari penelitian ini menggunakan teori Moleong, yang dikembangkan menggunakan pendekatan studi kasus kualitatif. Peserta didik diajak untuk belajar dalam kelompok dengan antusias tentang apa yang mereka pelajari di kelas. Penggunaan model pembelajaran ini pada pembelajaran matematika meningkatkan kualitas belajar dan dapat meningkatkan nilai peserta didik dalam belajar matematika yang lebih dari pembelajaran sebelumnya.

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes and critical thinking abilities of class III students on subtraction operations material through the application of the Tems Gemes Tournament learning model. This type of research uses Class Action (PTK) which is carried out in 2 cycles. The data collection techniques used are planning, implementation, observation and reflection. The object of this research was class III students at SDN Pangendisan, totaling 16 students. The instruments in this research used observation, interviews and tests. This research shows that the application of the Teams Games Tournament model can improve students' learning outcomes and critical thinking abilities. The results of this research obtained that the average student learning outcomes in the pre-cycle were 23.9%, then increased in the first cycle to 70.24% with (KKM) of 67% and again increased in the second cycle, namely 83.57 with the category ( KKM) of 86%. With the learning results, it can be shown that students' thinking abilities in implementing the Teams Games Tournament model become more active, involved and able to solve mathematical problems. Thus, the Tems Games Tournament learning model improves learning outcomes and students' critical thinking skills in subtraction operations material. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the Teams Games Tournament learning model can improve the Mathematics learning abilities of class III students at SDN Pangendisan.

The learning model is very important and has many benefits in the teaching and learning process, with the help of the learning model educators can also motivate students to be actively involved in learning and totality so as to affect student learning outcomes. Through a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament type with a scientific approach, it is hoped that it will be able to improve student learning outcomes. This study aims to determine the effect of the application of the cooperative learning model of the team games tournament type with a scientific approach on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade VII MTs Fie Sabilil Muttaqien Tempurejo students for the 2023/2024 school year. The method in this study is a quantitative Quasi Experiment with a posttets only control group design research design. This study consists of independent variables and bound variables. The independent variable is the learning model used, namely a cooperative model of the team games tournament type with a scientific approach while the bound variable is the learning outcome. The subject of this study is grade VII students of MTs FSM Tempurejo with 23 students in the experimental class and 23 students in the control class. Data collection is carried out by means of a posttest given at the end of learning which is used to determine student learning outcomes. The results showed a significant difference with the value of t calculated = 2.134 and t table = 1.080 with a significance level of 0.05. The average score of students after being taught using a cooperative model of teamgames tournament type with a scientific approach was 80.04, while the average score of students with a direct learning model was 68.65. Thus, the application of a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament type with a scientific approach is more effective on the mathematics learning outcomes of grade VII MTs students Fie Sabilil Muttaqien Tempurejo for the 2023/2024 school year.

This research was motivated by a lack of student participation and boredom with the monotonous learning system so that students did not understand abstract and complex economic concepts. From these problems it can be seen that the cause is a lack of motivation to learn. So it is necessary to develop a learning model, one of which is the TGT (Teams Games Tournament) cooperative learning model using TTS. The aims of this research are (1) to determine the effect of the TGT learning model on students' learning motivation in economics subjects in Class XI MA Sunan Kalijogo Mojo Kediri; (2) To find out how much influence the TGT learning model has on the motivation to learn economics for class XI MA Sunan Kalijogo Mojo Kediri. The research approach used is quantitative, associative type. Data collection uses questionnaires and documentation. Data analysis and hypothesis testing using simple linear regression using SPSS. The research results show that (1) Based on the hypothesis test, the results obtained are sig. 0.000 < 0.05, it can be said that there is a positive and significant influence between the influence of the TGT learning model on students' economic learning motivation; (2) Based on the hypothesis test, a value (R) of 0.652 was obtained, which indicates a strong relationship between the two variables. Meanwhile, the R Square values ​​of 42.5% and 57.5% are influenced by other factors that have not been studied.