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Eco-enzymes are liquid products resulting from the fermentation of organic wastes such as fruit and vegetable wastes, sugar, and water. The aim of this study is to investigate the potential of eco-enzymes as liquid organic fertilizers using organic waste from orange and pineapple peels. In the experimental design, he used a completely randomized design with three replicates of three organic waste compositions. The treatments used are pineapple peel, orange peel, and a mixture of pineapple and orange peel. Ecoenzyme is prepared by mixing organic waste with water and molasses in a ratio of 10: 3: 1 and fermenting it for 30, 60 and 90 days. The results showed that the composition of pineapple and orange peel produced an eco-enzyme solution with the highest nitrogen content, highest amylase enzyme activity, and highest acidic pH. The color of eco-enzyme varies from light brown to dark brown, and the resulting sour aroma indicates that the fermentation process is progressing smoothly.

Factors that can attract consumer interest in satisfying customers at fast food restaurants in Medan City include providing quality service. In addition to service quality, customer experience is also another factor that can attract consumer interest in buying. One thing that companies can do is to build a brand so that it will create brand equity. Based on the description above, the title of the study is, " The Effect of Service Quality and Customer Experience on Customer Satisfaction at Fast Food Restaurants in Medan City ". The purpose of this study is to determine the effect of service quality and customer experience on customer satisfaction at fast food restaurants in Medan City, both partially and simultaneously, and the formulation of the problem in this study is whether service quality and customer experience affect customer satisfaction at fast food restaurants in Medan City. The results of the study indicate that service quality has a significant effect on customer satisfaction , customer experience has a significant effect on customer satisfaction and simultaneously the variables of service quality and customer experience have a significant effect on customer satisfaction. The company should pay more attention to the quality of service that has been provided to users of delivery services so that the service is not just a slogan but is implemented seriously so that the company's image is maintained in the eyes of service users.

Providing education to the public by using bay leaves as a preparation will increase public awareness of the plants that grow in Indonesia, which are rich in health benefits, thereby increasing public enthusiasm. Bay leaves combined with white rice powder are often used as a moisturizer so they are made into a body scrub preparation that can increase moisture into the skin for better. The aim of this service is that the community is expected to provide education about bay leaves and white rice powder in Klambir V Village, Medan, Indonesia. This community service method was carried out using leaflets, modules, power points and presentations to the community. The result of this service was an increase in public knowledge of tamarind fruit as an antioxidant by 85%..

Economic digitalization has become a key driver of growth in various regions, including Medan City. The development of e-commerce and local startups plays a vital role in this economic transformation by enhancing market access, accelerating product distribution, and creating new job opportunities. E-commerce allows business owners to reach a broader consumer base, while local startups foster innovations tailored to the needs of Medan's society. This paper aims to analyze the role of e-commerce and local startups in enhancing economic growth in Medan City, as well as the challenges and opportunities within this digital ecosystem. The findings suggest that these two sectors complement each other in creating an inclusive and sustainable economic ecosystem.

Background: Pulmonary tuberculosis (TB) is an infectious disease that requires long-term treatment and patient compliance so that the healing process can be achieved properly. One of the factors that plays an important role in the success of pulmonary TB treatment is family support. Families who are directly involved in care and motivation can increase the patient's enthusiasm to complete treatment. Therefore, empowering families in supporting pulmonary TB treatment is very important to reduce the number of failed treatments and prevent drug resistance. This community service aims to empower families in providing effective support to pulmonary TB patients so that patients can complete their treatment completely. The empowerment program carried out through counseling on the importance of adherence to TB treatment, as well as training on how to care for patients and reduce social stigma against TB, is expected to increase the active role of families in supporting patient treatment. This community service activity involves families of pulmonary TB patients, medical personnel, and the surrounding community, with an educational and collaborative approach. The results of this community service show an increase in family understanding of TB disease, the importance of adherence to treatment, and a reduction in stigma against TB patients. In addition, families feel more prepared and motivated to support patients in undergoing treatment. Family empowerment has been proven effective in increasing the completion rate of pulmonary TB treatment, which in turn can reduce transmission rates and drug resistance.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between service quality and customer green satisfaction at Madani Hotel Medan. The service quality in question includes aspects such as reliability, responsiveness, assurance, empathy, and physical evidence, which are integrated with environmentally friendly practices implemented by the hotel. Green satisfaction refers to the level of customer satisfaction that is not only based on conventional services, but also on the hotel's commitment to environmental sustainability. The research method used is a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents who are guests of Madani Hotel Medan. Data were analyzed using a linear regression method to determine the effect of service quality on green satisfaction. The results of the study indicate that there is a positive and significant relationship between service quality and customer green satisfaction. This finding indicates that the implementation of high-quality and environmentally friendly services can increase overall customer satisfaction. This study provides implications for hotel management to continue to improve service quality by paying attention to sustainability aspects in order to meet the expectations of increasingly environmentally conscious customers.

Extortion by illegal parking attendants is very troubling to the community, especially motorists, and law enforcement should be carried out. Based on the description above, the author is interested in making the problem a research entitled Restorative Justice as an Approach in Law Enforcement Against Perpetrators of Extortion Crimes. This journal aims to describe and analyze the factors that cause the crime of extortion and the role of restorative justice as a method of law enforcement against the perpetrators of the crime of extortion. The research method used in this study is empirical juridical research. There are several factors that cause the occurrence of extortion crimes, namely economic, environmental, educational, lack of supervision and law enforcement and lack of legal awareness in the community. The Medan Sunggal Police enforce the law through alternative or restorative justice. Restorative justice is the settlement of criminal cases by involving the perpetrator, the victim, the perpetrator/victim's family, and other related parties to jointly seek a fair settlement by emphasizing restoration to the original state, and not retaliation.

Sleep quality is very important for health, good quality sleep is needed by patients in healing and physical recovery. Sleep quality can occur through the pain felt and physical activity as well as stress levels. The aim of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity and stress levels on the sleep quality of post-operative patients at Mitra Medika Tanjung Mulia RSU. The research design used in this study used an analytical survey with a cross sectional approach using the chi-square test. The population in this study were post-operative patients at RSU Mitra Medika Medan, with a population of 400 people, while the sample used was random sampling, totaling 80 respondents. The results of the study show that physical activity affects sleep quality (p value = 0.046), and stress levels affect sleep quality (p value = 0.029). Conclusion: There is a relationship between physical activity and stress levels on sleep quality in post-operative patients.

Childbirth is a process of expelling the results of conception (fetus and placenta), which can live to the outside world, from the uterus through the birth canal or by other means. During labor, the uterus contracts and pushes the baby down to the cervix. This study aims to determine the Effect of Deep Back Massage on Reducing Pain in the First Stage of Active Labor at BPM Pera, Medan City in 2024. This type of research is Experimental research. A research design used to find a causal relationship with the involvement of research in manipulating the independent variables. The population is 20 mothers giving birth at BPM Pera, Medan City in 2025, namely 10 people in the Treatment Group and 10 people in the Control Group. The data analysis technique uses t-test analysis. The results obtained in this study are the results of the t-test, namely the results of the paired test-test showed p = 0.011 (p <0.05) and t count = 11,768> from t table = 9,200 which proves that there is an effect of giving deep back massage on the level of labor pain in mothers who are giving birth to reduce labor pain.

This research aims to analyze the policies implemented by SPNF-SKB Medan City in providing non-formal education for the community. This institution plays an important role in providing equal access to education, skills training and socio-cultural development. This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach involving interviews and field observations. The research results show that the programs held at SPNF-SKB Medan City, such as Packages A, B, and C, have contributed greatly to improving the education of people who do not have access to formal education. Apart from that, the skills training provided is able to improve people's abilities in the world of work and entrepreneurship. However, budget constraints are the main challenge in developing this educational service. This research suggests the need for further support from the government and collaboration with other institutions to overcome these barriers and expand the reach of non-formal education services.

TB is one of the 10 causes of death and the primary cause of infectious agents in the world. Some of the influencing factors are behavioral factors, namely knowledge, attitude and behavior in the implementation of routine medication compliance. The method used was observational descriptive with 25 participants who were patients at Imelda Workers' Hospital in Medan. The PkM team provided the material in question: 1) Definition of tuberculosis disease, 2) health education about dietary fulfillment 3) how to regulate the diet of tuberculosis sufferers, 4) increasing knowledge and skills. After the implementation of the activity: 1) Definition of tuberculosis (TB) for the majority of good as many as 25 people, 2) health education about the fulfillment of the good majority diet for 20 people, 3) how to manage the diet of the majority of people with tuberculosis as many as 16 people, 4) improvement of knowledge of tuberculosis treatment for the majority of good as many as 21 people. The increase in knowledge and skills of participants is because the community has a great desire to treat and prevent dengue fever in family members at home.

This study examines the relationship between economic development in Medan City and the quality of human resources (HR). Medan, as the third largest city in Indonesia, needs to optimise the quality of human capital to reach its full economic potential. Four previous studies were analysed to understand the influence of human resource quality on urban economic dynamics. The results showed that increased organisational commitment, technology utilisation, and human resource capacity development are positively correlated with improved financial statement quality and economic growth. In addition, sustainable management of natural resources also plays a role in promoting economic growth. This study emphasises the importance of government intervention in improving education standards and HR competencies to create jobs and reduce unemployment. Thus, Medan City's economic development planning should be integrative and sustainable with a focus on improving the quality of human resources and optimising local potential as the main foundation of community welfare.

The purpose of this study was to determine and analyze the direct influence of Servicescape, Brand Image and Customer Satisfaction on Repurchase Intention and to see the role of Customer Satisfaction as an intervening variable. The research method used is descriptive associative using a sample of 150 respondents. The data analysis method used is (Partial Least Square) PLS using the Smart PLS application. The results showed that Servicescape and Customer Satisfaction have a positive and significant effect on Repurchase Intention; Brand Image has a positive but not significant effect on Repurchase Intention; Servicescape and Brand Image have a positive and significant effect on Customer Satisfaction; Servicescape and Brand Image have a positive and significant effect on Repurchase intention through customer satisfaction at Customer Maxx Coffee in Medan.

The skill of reading is referred to as mahārah qirā’ah in Arabic, which is the third skill after mahārah istima’ and mahārah kalām. In the Arabic Language Education program, some students come from non-boarding school backgrounds and may not have studied Arabic extensively before. This condition can present several challenges, especially in reading Arabic texts. The aim of this study is to analyze the factors that contribute to the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among students from non-boarding school backgrounds in the Arabic Language Education program at UINSU, batch 2021. The method used in this study is qualitative research, with data collection techniques including observation, interviews/questionnaires with five students, and a literature review of previous research. The results of this study show that factors affecting the difficulty in reading Arabic texts among non-boarding school students include their educational background, a lack of understanding of nahwu (syntax) and sharf (morphology), insufficient vocabulary mastery, and a lack of interest in learning Arabic. This study reveals these factors in order to raise awareness among educators about the issue and encourage students to improve their skills in learning Arabic.

The development of Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) is very important in supporting economic growth in the city of Medan. In the context of sharia economics, MSMEs act as the backbone of the economy, creating jobs, diversifying products, and empowering communities. However, they are faced with challenges such as limited access to capital, education, and regulations. This research analyzes the role of MSMEs from a sharia perspective, identifies challenges, and provides policy recommendations. The results show that MSMEs play an important role in overcoming poverty, creating diverse local products, and supporting an inclusive economy. Therefore, solutions are needed to financial, educational, marketing and regulatory challenges. Support from the government, financial institutions and universities together with sharia economic development can optimize the contribution of MSMEs in supporting sustainable economic growth in Medan City. In this way, MSMEs can become a driving force for economic growth which will have a positive impact on the people of Medan City.

This study examines the relationship between economic development in Medan City and the quality of human resources (HR). Medan, as the third largest city in Indonesia, needs to optimise the quality of human capital to reach its full economic potential. Four previous studies were analysed to understand the influence of human resource quality on urban economic dynamics. The results showed that increased organisational commitment, technology utilisation, and human resource capacity development are positively correlated with improved financial statement quality and economic growth. In addition, sustainable management of natural resources also plays a role in promoting economic growth. This study emphasises the importance of government intervention in improving education standards and HR competencies to create jobs and reduce unemployment. Thus, Medan City's economic development planning should be integrative and sustainable with a focus on improving the quality of human resources and optimising local potential as the main foundation of community welfare.

Implementation of Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics in Medan City is an important issue in the context of legal protection for children involved as narcotics dealers. This research aims to analyze how the narcotics law is applied in cases involving children, as well as things that are considered in the law enforcement process and how criminal proceedings are carried out in the juvenile criminal justice system. This research provides an in-depth understanding of the application of special regulations, namely Law no. 35 of 2009 concerning Narcotics, while still considering Law no. 11 of 2012 which regulates the Juvenile Criminal Justice System. This approach aims to ensure legal protection for children involved in narcotics crimes, so that the law can be applied fairly and protect children's rights. This research utilizes empirical juridical legal methods, where the main data is obtained through direct interviews with judges serving at the Special Class IA Medan District Court, thus enabling researchers to obtain relevant and in-depth perspectives regarding the application of this law in real practice in the judicial environment.

Education is an ongoing issue that continues to be researched over time. Private universities established by foundations are required to make efforts to enhance the competencies of their graduates, which results in high competitiveness. This study aims to examine the antecedents of lecturer performance and its impact on graduate competence at Medan city. The factors studied in the antecedents include: foundation management, university governance, and dean leadership and their effects on graduate competence. The population in this research is final semester students of the Management Study Program, Faculty of Economics, at nine private universities in Medan City. The sample selection in this study was carried out using multi-stage sampling, starting with purposive sampling of private universities and incidental sampling of students. The total sample in this study comprises 576 students representing the nine private universities proportionally. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). This research concludes: (1) Foundation management has a positive and significant effect on university governance. (2) Foundation management has a direct positive and significant effect on dean leadership. (3) University governance has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (4) University management has a positive and significant effect on dean leadership. (5) University governance has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (6) Dean leadership has a positive and significant effect on lecturer performance. (7) Lecturer performance has a positive and significant effect on graduate competence. (8) Foundation management has a positive and significant effect on dean leadership through university governance.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play an important role in encouraging economic equity in Indonesia by encouraging economic growth, encouraging innovation and creativity, and reducing unemployment. Among the various MSME sectors, the culinary business stands out because it is very promising due to the universal food needs. One of the culinary businesses, Roti Bakar Bahagia, located in Medang Lestari, Tangerang Regency, shows significant growth potential but faces challenges in optimizing digital marketing and payment systems. To overcome these challenges, community service activities are carried out to increase the digital presence and digital payment infrastructure of the business. The assistance provided includes designing and making logos, designing and recreating menu lists, creating Google Maps lists, and integrating digital payment systems through QRIS. These efforts proved to be very beneficial, equipping Roti Bakar Bahagia to increase its competitiveness and sustain growth in the dynamic culinary market.

This study aims to deeply analyze the role of religious literacy in improving maharah qira'ah (reading ability) at SMP Pahlawan Nasional Kota Medan. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this study explores data thoroughly regarding students' ability to read the Qur'an and its relationship to the religious literacy program implemented at the school. Data collection methods include memorization and Qur'an reading tests, observation of reading abilities, and surveys to explore students' perceptions of the importance of religious literacy. The results show that the majority of students still require intensive guidance in reading the Qur'an. In each class, only a few students are able to read the Qur'an and pronounce Arabic correctly, although their fluency is still lacking. Most students are not able to read the Qur'an fluently, and some still struggle to distinguish hijaiyah letters. These findings indicate the need for a systematic and intensive religious literacy program to help students improve their maharah qira'ah skills. Additionally, a more personalized teaching approach is necessary to address the specific challenges students face in reading the Qur'an.