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Mathematics is one of the main skills taught from elementary school to college, playing a role in developing critical and logical thinking patterns of students. However, many elementary school students have difficulty understanding mathematical concepts, especially spatial figures, due to the lack of supporting learning media. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of using Trimatra (three-dimensional) media in mathematics learning in elementary schools. Trimatra media, such as three-dimensional models of spatial figures, allows students to visualize and understand the characteristics and relationships between spatial figures in a concrete manner. The results of the literature study show that Trimatra media not only increases students' knowledge of mathematical concepts, but also motivates students to be actively involved in learning, increases critical thinking skills, and overall learning outcomes.  

This service aims to socialize the mathematical connection to the concept of Element (demand and supply for MSME products in North Pelawi Village, Babalan District, Langkat Regency. This service activity is carried out by a service team consisting of lecturers and students who aim to provide briefings in the form of socialization to the community of business actors and MSME owners where with this activity it is hoped that there will be awareness and motivation of business actors to relieve the importance of applying mathematical concepts in the context of the connection or tension between the amount of demand and supply. So to predict the amount of demand and the amount of supply at a certain price is not difficult. Because with the ability to predict and control the number of goods offered, the price will be able to be conditioned to be stable and still within reasonable limits. For this reason, the role of business actors has a great influence on the sustainability and development of the business carried out so that the goal of obtaining maximum profits for better MSME performance is obtained. This service was carried out in North Pelawi Village by previously recording business actors around North Pelawi Village with the aim that MSMEs that have been run so far can better apply an understanding of mathematical concepts that are connected to the demand and supply elements for products produced in a certain period or period of time.

Climate-induced migration is becoming an increasingly significant global issue, driven by environmental changes such as rising sea levels, extreme weather events, and resource scarcity. Despite its growing importance, current legal frameworks inadequately address the protection of climate migrants, leaving them vulnerable and without clear legal rights. This research aims to propose an integrated social-environmental justice framework to address the legal accountability for climate-induced migration, focusing on the recognition of migrant rights, state responsibilities, and environmental protection. The study uses a comparative legal analysis to examine legal systems across various countries and incorporates field data from climate-vulnerable coastal communities through interviews, surveys, and legal case reviews. The research finds that the proposed framework enhances migrant recognition and clarifies state responsibilities in 70% of reviewed legal cases, offering a more comprehensive solution compared to traditional environmental and human rights approaches. The framework's integration of legal, social, and environmental elements provides a holistic response to climate migration, emphasizing equity and sustainability. However, challenges such as political resistance, fragmented governance, and limited funding hinder full implementation. The study concludes by recommending that governments and international bodies adopt this framework and strengthen their commitment to legal protections and climate adaptation strategies for displaced populations. Further research should focus on refining legal frameworks, addressing implementation barriers, and expanding the scope of social-environmental justice to better support climate migrants.

The purpose of this study was to analyze the validity of the design of the development of learning video media with an open-ended approach to improve the learning outcomes of 6th-grade elementary school students in Mlonggo District. This study applies the research and development method, which is commonly known as R&D (Research and Development). Products development uses the ADDIE model which is structured into five stages including (1) analysis, (2) design, (3) development, implementation, and (5) evaluation. Data collection through filling out the validity questionnaire. This data source includes participation from data validators with an analysis process that includes the accumulation of overall scores. Data analysis uses descriptive qualitative tests. The results of this development research are learning video media with an open-ended approach which is stated to be very feasible by media experts with an average of 90%, and material experts with 92%. So, it can be concluded that learning video media with an open-ended approach is valid and feasible to be used to improve student learning outcomes

Mathematics anxiety can reduce students' ability to understand and solve mathematical problems, thus affecting their overall attitude towards mathematics. Mathematics anxiety, a psychological factor that can affect students' learning achievement in mathematics learning in high school, makes it the most challenging subject in school. This study aimed to identify the effect of mathematics anxiety on students' learning achievement at the high school level and to analyze strategic factors that can help reduce mathematics anxiety for students. This study used a quantitative method with an ex post facto research type with a correlational design. The population was grade X high school students in South Tangerang, with a sample size of 84. The side technique used cluster random sampling. Data collection used an instrument in the form of a mathematics anxiety and learning achievement questionnaire. Data analysis was carried out through partial correlation and multiple correlation with a significance level of 0.05, and the prerequisite test analysis used normality, linearity, and multicollinearity tests. The results showed that mathematics anxiety influenced by self-efficacy factors, classroom climate, and academic support from parents and peers significantly affected students' learning achievement in high school. Schools can facilitate a more conducive learning environment to minimize mathematics anxiety and improve learning outcomes. Implementing a learning program that is psychologically responsive and adaptive to students' needs is expected to improve students' mathematics achievement significantly..  

This study aims to explore the various challenges faced by students in learning science and to analyze the internal and external factors that influence them. This research is motivated by the low success rate of students in science courses, which is thought to be due to multiple obstacles involving cognitive, affective, and learning environment aspects. The research method used is a qualitative approach, with data collected through in-depth interviews and surveys of students enrolled in science courses at universities. The findings show that internal factors, such as self-efficacy, basic mathematical skills, and intrinsic motivation, play a significant role in influencing students’ understanding of science material. On the other hand, external factors, including curriculum, teaching methods, environmental support, and facility limitations, also have a substantial impact. This study suggests improvements in curriculum reform at the elementary and secondary levels, more interactive teaching methods, and adequate academic support to help students overcome difficulties in science courses. These findings are expected to provide insights for educational institutions and educators in designing more effective learning strategies to enhance students' competencies in science.

This research discusses the analysis of students' learning difficulties in understanding cube building material. Mathematics is a basic science that must be studied from an early age because it is closely related to other sciences in order to advance to the next level. The research was created to solve students' learning difficulties at SD Negeri 104208 Cinta Rakyat. This research uses a qualitative approach with descriptive research type. The results obtained are that students still lack understanding of the material that has been presented by the teacher in the process of teaching and learning activities, there are many students who do not understand the material explained by the teacher. It can be seen that students' learning difficulties are also determined by low interest in learning and Lack of understanding of the material taught. Several factors include disinterest in mathematics and ineffective use of learning media. This research suggests that schools are expected to innovate in the use of learning media and learning methods that are changed and adapted to students' learning needs and interests.

This research examines quantitative approaches in flower dissection, with a focus on measuring symmetry and flower structure using mathematical formulas. This research aims to develop an objective method for analyzing flower morphology to support taxonomic, evolutionary and ecological studies of plants. Data was collected through morphometric measurements on various flower species with radial and bilateral symmetry characters. Parameters measured include petal length, corolla width, spreading angle, and number of reproductive parts. The analysis was carried out using geometric formulas to calculate the symmetry index and proportions of the flower structure. The research results show that flowers with radial symmetry have a higher symmetry index value than flowers with bilateral symmetry. Additionally, variations in flower structure were found to correlate with ecological adaptations, such as pollination strategies by insects or wind. This approach successfully revealed consistent mathematical patterns in floral design, providing new insights into the relationship between structure and biological function. This study shows that quantitative approaches can increase precision in the analysis of flower morphology, while providing a new tool for exploring the evolutionary dynamics of plants. This method can be applied to cross-disciplinary research involving morphology, genetics and plant ecology.

Basic mathematical principles are applied in daily activities, especially in the field of economics, and are an important source in teaching and learning activities in the field of mathematics. This research aims to explore the basic mathematical principles of economics to support and reference in learning activities. The method used in the research is based on a literature review study. Based on the research conducted, there are six main topics discussed regarding basic mathematical concepts in economics, namely a) variables, constants, coefficients and parameters; b) equations and inequalities; c) set theory concepts; d) real number system; e) power rules, roots, factorization, as well as f) fractions, decimals and percentages.

Fractions and decimals are basic mathematical concepts that have an important role in various aspects of daily life. This article discusses how fractions and decimals are used in daily activities such as measuring, calculating, and carrying out financial transactions. For example, in cooking, fractions are used to measure food ingredients, while decimals often appear in weight and length measurements. In economic transactions, decimals are key in rounding numbers and calculating prices. This article also explains the importance of understanding conversions between fractions and decimals to make decision making easier, both in personal and professional contexts. By providing applicable examples, it is hoped that this discussion can increase appreciation of the role of fractions and decimals in real life and encourage deeper mastery of these concepts.

MIPA education (Mathematics and Natural Sciences) plays a strategic role in developing excellent human resources in the modern era. However, the disparity in access to and the quality of MIPA education in Indonesia remains a significant challenge, particularly in remote areas. This article aims to identify the factors contributing to the gap in MIPA education, analyze its impact on learning quality, and propose solutions to address the issue. The main causes of this disparity include inadequate infrastructure, uneven distribution of teachers, and technological and socio-economic barriers. The consequences range from low student interest in science and technology to inequality in educational quality across regions. This article recommends strengthening policies for equitable education, enhancing remote learning technologies, and fostering cross-sector collaboration to create inclusive and sustainable MIPA education.

This research investigated the biomechanical variables of movement analysis and its essentialcomponents for handball players at the College of Physical Education and Sports Sciences, Al-MustansiriyaUniversity, during a league match and university qualifiers. The data was analyzed using binary logisticregression, a mathematical model that defines the link between a dependent variable, which takes the valueof one when a goal is scored against the opposing team and zero when no goals are scored, and independentfactors.The bird swarm algorithm will be used in this research. It is one of the artificial intelligencealgorithms that rely on the intelligence of living flocks by monitoring their movements, such as birds, bees,cats, chickens, and many other swarm algorithms.The conclusions we reached from this study are as follows: When using logistic regression, we foundonly four explanatory variables that affect the dependent variable. They are detailed as follows: The twoexplanatory variables (The maximum height of the hip and Flight time until leaving the ball) and thedependent variable (shooting) have an inverse relationship and affect it. The two variables (Knee angle at themoment of thrust and The instantaneous speed of the ball) have a positive relationship with aiming and affectit.When we used the Bird Swarm algorithm, we found that all the explanatory variables included in thestudy had a significant effect on the dependent variable. The variables (Knee angle at the moment of thrust,Rising angle, Flight angle, The instantaneous speed of the ball, and the horizontal distance of theperformance) have a positive relationship, with the dependent variable (shooting). In contrast (The maximumheight of the hip and Flight time until leaving the ball) have an inverse relationship with the dependentvariable.Using the logistic model helps sports coaches and researchers to estimate and predict models,especially when the dependent variable takes values ​​(one or zero). In contrast, we noticed that the resultswere more accurate and objective when using the bird swarm algorithm. It further helps academics, thoseinterested in sports, and coaches benefit from these results.

This research aims to design and simulate a DC motor speed control system using integral state feedback (KISF) control. This control is designed to maintain DC motor speed stability with high accuracy despite disturbances or load changes. The research stages include mathematical modeling of the DC motor, PID control design, integral state feedback control design, simulation implementation and simulation results analysis. The show that althought integral state feedback control has a rise time 273.501 ms, slightly slower than PID 197.604 ms, integral state feedback compensates with higher slew rate of change 6.540 V/ms compared to PID 4.344 V/ms. Integral state feedback offers greater flexibility through pole placement values with Ackerman’s formula J3 = [-12 -100 -600], indicating that this system has good capability in responding to input changes, thus maintaining motor speed stably and efficiently. This indicates that integral state feedback control is superior in system adaptation and handling complex dynamics.

Fractions and decimals are basic mathematical concepts that have an important role in various aspects of daily life. This article discusses how fractions and decimals are used in daily activities such as measuring, calculating, and carrying out financial transactions. For example, in cooking, fractions are used to measure food ingredients, while decimals often appear in weight and length measurements. In economic transactions, decimals are key in rounding numbers and calculating prices. This article also explains the importance of understanding conversions between fractions and decimals to make decision making easier, both in personal and professional contexts. By providing applicable examples, it is hoped that this discussion can increase appreciation of the role of fractions and decimals in real life and encourage deeper mastery of these concepts.

The purpose of this study is to find out whether there is an influence of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, student learning independence, and student learning achievement and to find out whether blended learning is superior to scientific learning in mathematics learning in the aspects of metacognitive awareness, self efficacy, student learning independence, and student learning achievement. This research is a pseudo-experimental research with the population of all students in grade XI MAN 2 Wonosobo for the 2023/2024 school year. Of the ten existing classes, two classes were selected by purposive sampling, namely classes XI - 3 and XI - 4. From the two selected classes, then randomly selected so that class XI - 4 was obtained as an experimental class, namely the class that received blended learning and class XI - 3 as a control class that received mathematics learning with scientific learning and vector subjects. The instruments used to collect data are in the form of student learning achievement test questions and questionnaires on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and student learning independence. Validity is determined by the consideration of the validator who concludes that the instrument used in this study is valid. Meanwhile, Cronbach's alpha of all variables in this study showed reliable values. To see if there is an effect of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence and student learning achievement after research treatment is carried out in both the experimental and control classes, the T2 hotteling statistical test is used. Meanwhile, to see the advantages of scientific learning with blended learning methods compared to scientific from the perspective of metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence and student learning achievement from both classes, univariate t test statistics were used. The results of the study showed that :(1) there was an effect of blended learning on metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, learning independence, and student achievement simultaneously; (2) scientific blended learning is not superior to scientific in terms of metacognitive awareness, self-efficacy, and learning independence of high school/MA students; (3) scientific blended learning is superior to scientific in terms of learning achievement of high school/MA students.

Surfaces in three-dimensional space can be represented through explicit, parametric and implicit equations, which describe the relationship between the variables x, y and z. Graphs of linear equations produce flat planes, while quadratic equations form objects such as spheres or ellipsoids. In this research, a theoretical approach is combined with interactive visualization to analyze various surface shapes. Through the use of GeoGebra software, this analysis makes it easier to understand surface orientation and shape, such as normal vectors and curvature, as well as applications in vector fields. This research also investigates the concepts of Cartesian coordinates in three-dimensional space, by depicting surfaces in the form of graphs of functions of two variables. It is hoped that the results of this research can provide deeper insight into the geometric properties of surfaces and how to visualize them effectively in mathematics and physics applications.

This research is an action to find out the influence of the NHT learning model assisted  by Ice Breaking on the Learning Interest of Class XI C.1 Students of SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara. This classroom action research conducts a reflective action in order to improve learning practices for students in terms of professionalism. In this class action research, the subject of the study is students of class XI C1 SMA Negeri 1 Kuta Utara for the 2023/2024 school year consisting of 38 students. The score of 55.59 (low category) shows the results of the analysis of the first cycle. It is clear that students' interest in learning is still relatively low and there needs to be a big improvement in the second cycle. The score of 89.1 (very high category) was shown in cycle II after a careful analysis of the improvements in cycle I. So from the data obtained and processed in cycles I and II, it can be concluded that there is an influence in mathematics learning with the application of  the Numbered Head Together  type cooperative learning model assisted by Ice Breaking.

The purpose of the research is to provide training and enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. The methods used in this activity are direct practical methods and lecture methods. The service was conducted at SDN 2 Kembiritan Jl. Raya Pandan. RT / RW: 1 / 7, Dusun Temurejo, Kembiritan, Kec. Genteng, Kabupaten Banyuwangi, East Java 68465. The implementation of community service activities at SDN 2 Kembiritan was carried out in several stages, namely preparation, execution, and closure. The results of the community service showed that strengthening mathematical concepts with a scientific approach can enhance students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This was proven by the test results, which showed an improvement after the scientific approach was applied.

Despite their apparent differences, mathematics and biology are increasingly being used in tandem to model and analyze a wide range of biological processes. This article addresses the use of multiple methods, including population modeling, differential equations, mathematical genetics, and epidemiology, to the study of biology, a field known as biomathematics. Genetic dynamics and the behavior of biological systems, such as population expansion and disease transmission, are understood through mathematical modeling. SIR and SEIR models are used in epidemiology to describe how infectious diseases spread throughout a population. This journal emphasizes the value of mathematical approaches in comprehending intricate biological systems and the necessity of interdisciplinary research between mathematics and biology to address both theoretical and practical issues through a review of the literature. The purpose of this article is to explain the relationship between mathematics and biology and the application of mathematical models in the analysis of biological phenomena. This article uses a literature study writing method by recording research problems, analyzing, and collaborating different thoughts.

The aim of this research is to evaluate the effectiveness of learning simulations in the Pancasila Education subject in implementing creative learning strategies for grade 2 students at SD Negeri Cangkiran 01. This research was conducted using a qualitative descriptive approach, where data collection was carried out through observation, interviews and documentation. The research subjects were 2nd grade teachers and 28 students. The research results show that educational simulations are effective in increasing students' understanding of Pancasila values. This also helps students create more interactive and interesting learning strategies. Demonstrated by better critical thinking skills, better understanding of concepts, and increased student engagement in learning. Educational games based on Pancasila values, stories and role plays are one of the creative learning strategies used. This research shows that educational simulation can be an effective learning alternative in instilling Pancasila values in grade 2 elementary school students at SD Negeri Cangkiran 01.