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Student learning outcomes are the output of the teaching and learning process. One of the problems in learning at school is the low student learning outcomes. This can be known from the initial data on the value of the diagnostic analysis results. Many factors influence learning outcomes, one of which is the learning model. The Problem Based Learning Model is an innovative learning model that requires students to be active and motivate students so that they can support and help each other in mastering the subject matter being studied. Research procedures include the observation stage, preparation stage, implementation stage and evaluation stage. The population and sample in this research were 28 students of class XI MIPA 1 SMAN 11 MAROS. The sampling technique in this research used a saturated sampling technique.

An abstranct is a brief summary of a research article, thesis, review, conference proceeding or any-depth analysis of a particular subject or disipline, and is often used to help the reader quickly ascertain the paper purposes. When used, an abstract always appears at the beginning of a manuscript orEngaging in communication within the realm of teaching and learning is fundamentally a social activity. It becomes particularly crucial for educators when guiding visually impaired students, necessitating the utilization of a variety of learning strategies that extend beyond the confines of sight within the classroom. To effectively achieve educational goals, teachers employ a myriad of methods to convey instructional materials. This research endeavors to scrutinize the communication strategies implemented by teachers while educating visually impaired children, delving into the intricate communication dynamics between educators and students. The study delves into the exploration of multimodal learning techniques employed by teachers to impart educational messages within the classroom setting. The results elucidate distinct phases within the learning strategies embraced by teachers, ranging from the cultivation of personal and intimate connections to the meticulous selection of teaching materials. The study sheds light on the application of multi-modal learning, encompassing auditory-kinesthetic, kinesthetic-visual, and audio-visual styles. Additionally, the research delineates stages pertaining to learning outcomes and the responses of teachers to their students.    

This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach by utilizing observation, interviews and documentation analysis to determine the difficulties faced by teachers in implementing thematic learning. Research participants included the principal and class VI teachers at SD Negeri Peninggilan 5. The research findings revealed several main difficulties faced by teachers. First, at the planning stage, teachers have difficulty integrating lesson material into classroom learning steps when preparing lesson plans. Second, during implementation, teachers consider thematic learning to be time consuming because it covers many subjects and remains teacher-centered. Finally, in terms of evaluation, teachers experience difficulties in assessing students' affective mood due to individual differences, as well as facing challenges in completing subject-specific student learning outcomes reports. Efforts to overcome these difficulties so that thematic learning can be useful in improving the overall quality of teaching for other teachers.    

The aim of this research is to describe the learning outcomes of Class III Students' Islamic Religion through the Role Playing Method. The type of research used in this case is in the form of classroom activities and is descriptive in nature with quantitative techniques. From the results of Classroom Action Research (CAR), student learning outcomes can be improved by using role-playing techniques in learning Islamic Religion. The highest scores, averages, and completion rates of students in each cycle, indicating substantial results. The highest scores obtained per cycle were 80; 90; 100, average 58.70; 69.78; 82.61 and completeness 48; 78.26; 87%.      

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

The purpose of this writing is to determine the factors that influence reading interest and interest in class X MA Nurul Huda Lumajang students through the sociodrama method. This type of research is qualitative research with a descriptive approach. Class X students are the subjects. The influencing factors are internal and external factors. Internal factors include intelligence, interest and attention, motivation, perseverance, attitude, reading habits, as well as physical fitness and health. Students will not be interested in reading if they do not have the desire, health, physical fitness, intelligence and motivation. Bad libraries, outdated reading materials, some even unused, little encouragement from teachers, no encouragement from parents, parents who do not provide encouragement due to lack of funds, no parental attention to children's reading. Most parents focus more on learning outcomes, reading habits that students have not acquired since childhood. The influence of the reading environment and playmates indirectly influences students' interest in reading. The uncontrolled influence of technology. For example, the influence of misuse of smartphones or gadgets, the influence of television programs on students who forget their student responsibilities.    

This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of the independent curriculum by using the role play learning method assisted by image media and a projector in class II UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan. This research is Classroom Action Research, the subjects of this research are class 2, totaling 32 students consisting of 20 boys and 12 girls. This research was carried out for 3 weeks. The implementation of this action was carried out in 2 cycles, the first cycle consisting of 3 meetings and the second cycle consisting of 3 meetings. This research was carried out in the Teaching Profession Strengthening (P2K) activities which started on September 4 - October 14 in the 2023/2024 academic year. The results of the research show that during the learning process there is a change in students' attitudes during the learning process in accordance with the results of observations, namely the implementation of the Role Play type cooperative learning model assisted by picture media and projectors can increase students' self-confidence in asking both the teacher and their friends about the material. that are not understood and can improve student attendance. So, Role Play cooperative learning assisted by image media in thematic learning is suitable for use in this class. This can be seen from the increase in learning outcomes for class II students at UPTD SDN 145 Inpres Pampangan after the Role Play type of cooperative learning was held with the help of image media and a projector.  

This research aims to increase students' active critical thinking in Civics Learning by implementing the Discovery Learning Learning Model. The subjects in this research were class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros with a total of 34 students, consisting of 21 male students and 13 female students. The research method used in this research is Kemmis and Mc Taggart using a classroom action research design consisting of two cycles. In this research, it is a multiple choice test which is carried out at the end of the cycle. The results of this research show that student learning outcomes in cycle I obtained an average score of 60 and an average percentage score of 60%, while classical completeness was 60% in the sufficient category and continued in the next cycle in the second cycle actions obtained an average of 83 .0, the average percentage score of 83.0% with classical completeness of 90% is in the very good category. The results of the data in cycle II activities have met the KKM which has been determined by student learning outcomes in PPKn learning obtained in cycle I and cycle II, showing that there has been an average increase of 30%. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that the application of the Discovery Learning learning model can increase active critical thinking in PPKn learning for class X DKV students at SMKN 2 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year.    

This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

This research is motivated by the lack of availability of learning media usage and conventional learning. Therefore, an effectiveness test of the periodic table of the ladder media was conducted to improve the learning outcomes of students at SMKN 1 BP BR on the topic of periodic table of elements. This research is a pre-experimental study aimed at assessing the effectiveness of media usage using data analysis techniques through pretest-posttest assessments. The population in this study is the students of class X TBSM SMKN 1 BP BR. The research instrument is a learning outcomes test consisting of 25 multiple-choice questions that have been pilot tested. The data analysis techniques used are the t-test to determine differences in learning outcomes and the N-Gain test to determine the improvement in students' understanding. The results of the study show that there are differences and improvements in students' learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the average posttest score of 86.67. The improvement in learning outcomes is also supported by hypothesis testing conducted with the t-test, obtaining a t-value (3.45) > t-table (1.21). Another supporting evidence is the average N-Gain test score of 0.75 with a high category. Thus, it can be concluded that the use of the periodic table of the ladder media is effective in improving students' learning outcomes with a high category. This media is suitable for chemistry learning that is symbolic, as it will be more engaging and challenging through direct student involvement in the learning process.

The aim of this research is to determine the improvement in learning outcomes of students in classes X.3 and X.7 at UPT SMA Negeri 3 Maros in biology lessons by applying the Problem Based Learning learning model. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which has been carried out in 2 cycles. The subjects taken in this research were classes X.3 and X.7 at UPT SMA Negeri 3 Maros for the 2023/2024 academic year. The data collection techniques in this research are (1) Observation, (2) Documentation, (3) Test. Based on the research results, it can be concluded that Problem Based Learning is relevant and effective for use in student and teacher activities in the teaching process in the classroom.

In the Industrial Revolution 4.0, Indonesian people are faced with technological sophistication that makes them able to do anything and communicate without meeting. However, unlimited convenience has a negative impact on the social society of Indonesia based on diversity. The space for communication is increasingly limited because we rarely see others, and everyone becomes individualist and less sensitive. It is necessary to strengthen through sociodrama-based PPKn learning on diversity material to strengthen a sense of unity and unity. The purpose of this Classroom Action Research (PTK) is to improve learning outcomes on Indonesian diversity material with the sociodrama method of grade VII-E students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya. The subject of research is students. The data collection uses tests and non-tests. Analytical techniques use qualitative and quantitative. The results showed an increase in learning outcomes on average 59.5 in the first cycle to 77.3 in the second cycle. For the highest value of 79 in the first cycle to 90 in the second cycle. As well as the value in the first cycle 30 in the first cycle to 62 in the second cycle. Sociodrama improves PPKn learning outcomes in Indonesian diversity material for grade VII-E students in the even semester of the 2022/2023 academic year at SMP Negeri 40 Surabaya.

Teaching materials are one of the important things in teaching and learning activities. To design learning, it is necessary to consider what kind of teaching and learning materials are needed to achieve learning objectives and achieve the required abilities, and for this reason it is necessary to develop teaching materials. In developing teaching materials, we can refer to two things: the context in which education takes place and the form of learning activities that take place. Contextual considerations are made to determine the packaging format for learning materials. For example, whether students bond with each other. Regarding the format of learning activities, teachers need to consider whether traditional teaching, distance learning, or a combination of both. Five factors must be considered when developing learning materials: student characteristics, format of learning activities, context in which training takes place, learning strategies, and tools for assessing learning outcomes.

This article discusses the application of the Classroom Action Research (PTK) method with the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model to improve learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. The PTK method is an effective approach in identifying learning problems, formulating solutions, and testing their effectiveness directly in the classroom. The PBL model, as a student-centered learning approach, has been proven effective in improving student learning outcomes in measurement material in elementary schools. In the context of measurement, the application of the PBL model is expected to strengthen students' understanding of basic measurement concepts, such as units of measurement, measuring tools, and their application in the context of everyday life. PBL offers a student-centered learning approach, which not only helps students understand mathematical concepts, but also encourages active involvement, problem solving, and the development of critical thinking skills.

Learning is assistance provided by educators so that the process of acquiring knowledge and knowledge, mastering skills and habits, as well as forming attitudes and beliefs in students can occur. Learning is a process to help students learn well. Community-based learning is a group of educators and education personnel in one school who study together and collaborate regularly with clear and measurable goals to improve the quality of learning so that it has an impact on student learning outcomes. The aim of this activity is to increase the competence of educators and build a culture of sustainable learning together, so that it has an impact on improving student learning outcomes. Community-based learning is very important because the learning community is a forum for realizing collaboration between students. With a learning community, students can gain quality learning experiences.

This research is motivated by: 1) the existence of various facts which show that students' reading comprehension abilities and reading motivation are relatively low; 2) the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph is very important in understanding a reading text. This research was carried out to determine the effect of the motivation-based Scaffolded Reading method on improving students' learning outcomes in finding the main idea in a paragraph. The research was carried out in class IX-C of SMPN 2 Balaraja. The method used in the research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach.  After knowing the results of data analysis that the application of the scaffolded reading method is effective in improving the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph, it is best to use this technique as an alternative learning technique in learning reading comprehension to improve reading skills.

The main problem in this research is the lack of short story writing skills in class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. So the researchers used Bolding media (rolling balls). This research aims to determine the effectiveness of Bolding media (rolling balls) on the short story writing skills of class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. The type of research used is an experiment in the form of Pre-Experimental Design. The data source in this research was 15 class V students at SD Inpres Kampung Parang, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency. Data collection was carried out using the results of the assessment of short story writing skills. The data obtained was then analyzed using statistical analysis techniques, namely descriptive statistics and inferential statistics. After analyzing the data, researchers found that student learning outcomes before using Bolding (rolling ball) learning media were relatively low, namely the average score of the Pre-test results was 58 .33, then the average value of the Post-test results is 85.67. After obtaining tCount 9.223 and tTable 2.14479, we get tCount > tTable or 9.223>2.14479. Based on the results of tCount and tTable, it can be said that H0 is rejected and H1 is accepted. This means that the use of Bolding (rolling ball) learning media is effective on short story writing skills for class V elementary school. Presidential Instruction for Parang Village, Eremerasa District, Bantaeng Regency.

Studying biology serves as a means to enhance understanding, abilities, perspectives, principles, and ecological accountability. Biology is the scientific discipline that seeks to understand the natural world. Learning biology entails more than simply acquiring factual knowledge, concepts, or principles; it is also an exploratory endeavor. This research aims to discuss problem-based learning (PBL), which can improve the learning outcomes of class XI biology students on plant tissue material and can be used as an alternative learning model. This research uses classroom action research (PTK), which includes four stages: planning, implementing actions, observation,  and reflection, which aim to improve the learning process. PTK is an activity that involves testing an idea in practice, which can improve and increase the quality of the teaching and learning process. The application of the PBL model was able to improve student learning outcomes, especially in biology subjects with plant tissue material for class XI students at SMA N 2 Langowan. During the pre-cycle, the average value was 5.7. In cycle I, it climbed to an average value of 7.3. In cycle II, it further increased to an average value of 8.4. Meanwhile, the completeness of student learning outcomes in the pre-cycle was 20%, while in the first cycle, it was 67%, then grew again in the second cycle, specifically 87%. Based on the aforementioned research findings, it can be inferred that the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model has led to an improvement in the academic performance of Biology students at SMAN 2 Langowan.  

This type of research is descriptive qualitative, with the aim of finding out the implementation of the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 067090 Medan, as well as the problems of English teachers in implementing the independent curriculum at SD Negeri 067090 Medan. Data collection techniques were carried out using interview, observation and documentation methods. The independent curriculum is an update that is motivated by increasingly advanced technology nowadays, and is also prepared as a strategy to mitigate the learning crisis due to the Covid-19 pandemic. Apart from that, this curriculum also aims to provide freedom to both institutions and teachers in developing and managing curriculum and learning that is adapted to the characteristics of the educational unit and students so that they can explore their talents. Many schools have started implementing the independent curriculum in this new academic year. Therefore, various elements of education are required to adapt to this. From the research results, it can be seen that the problem of English teachers at SD Negeri 067090 Medan, namely that English teachers still do not understand the concept of an independent curriculum, teachers are faced with obstacles in creating teaching and planning modules, learning planning, namely when analyzing learning outcomes, preparing the flow. learning objectives that are adjusted to students' abilities, 3) solutions carried out by Islamic religious education teachers to overcome problems in the independent curriculum, namely English teachers taking part in in-house training and training held by the school and education department, attending KKG meetings held once a month very.

This research is motivated by: 1) the existence of various facts which show that students' reading comprehension abilities and reading motivation are relatively low; 2) the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph is very important in understanding a reading text. This research was carried out to determine the effect of the motivation-based Scaffolded Reading method on improving students' learning outcomes in finding the main idea in a paragraph. The research was carried out in class IX-C of SMPN 2 Balaraja. The method used in the research is an experimental method with a quantitative approach.  After knowing the results of data analysis that the application of the scaffolded reading method is effective in improving the ability to find the main idea in a paragraph, it is best to use this technique as an alternative learning technique in learning reading comprehension to improve reading skills.