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This study aims to map the trends, integration forms, effectiveness, and contribution of ethnomathematics in elementary school mathematics learning toward national cultural preservation. A systematic literature review (SLR) approach following the PRISMA 2020 protocol was employed. Searches across four academic databases (Scopus, Google Scholar, CrossRef, and Semantic Scholar) yielded 1,176 articles, from which 30 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results indicate that ethnomathematics research in elementary schools has increased significantly during 2023–2026, particularly following the implementation of Kurikulum Merdeka. The three most dominant forms of integration are digital modules and media (53.3%), traditional games (33.3%), and ethnomathematics-based worksheets (13.3%). Geometry and measurement is the most researched mathematics topic (50.0%), and conceptual understanding shows the most significant improvement (40.0%). Beyond improving mathematics achievement, ethnomathematics integration contributes to cultural preservation through cultural contextualization in learning (60.0%), strengthening cultural identity and values (26.7%), and active local cultural preservation (10.0%). The study recommends teacher training, curriculum policy strengthening, cross-sector collaboration, and further research to sustain ethnomathematics implementation in Indonesian elementary schools.

The implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum requires teachers to possess adequate competence in developing contextual and meaningful Madrasah Lesson Plans (RPM). One of the main challenges lies in teachers’ ability to integrate deep learning approaches into instructional planning. This community service program aimed to enhance the competence of teachers at SD IT Al-Markazul Islami in developing deep learning–based Merdeka Curriculum lesson plans. The program employed a structured and participatory approach through training and mentoring activities, including conceptual presentations, group discussions, and hands-on practice in lesson plan development. Evaluation was conducted using a competence questionnaire administered to 20 participating teachers in the pretest and posttest stages. The data were analyzed descriptively. The results indicated that teachers’ competence scores in the pretest ranged from 54 to 63, with a mean score of 58.7, which fell into the moderate category. Following the intervention, posttest scores increased to a range of 89–97, with a mean score of 92.9, categorized as high. The improvement in scores ranged from 33 to 35 points for each participant. These findings demonstrate that the training and mentoring activities were effective in enhancing teachers’ competence in developing lesson plans aligned with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum and deep learning approaches.

Education in Indonesia continues to face significant challenges in transforming its curriculum to meet 21st-century competency demands, especially with the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes flexibility, contextual learning, and a student-centered approach. This study aims to analyze teachers’ roles in implementing student-centered learning, identify the challenges they encounter, and examine strategies used to address these obstacles. Using a qualitative library research method, the study reviews primary and secondary literature related to student-centered learning theory, learning experiences, authentic assessment, and the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum. Findings show that teachers serve as the central factor in ensuring the success of active and student-centered learning. Those who are adaptive and innovative are able to design meaningful learning experiences even when confronted with limited facilities, diverse student needs, and classroom management constraints. Nevertheless, many teachers still struggle with differentiated instruction, authentic assessment, and the flexible learning management required by the Merdeka Curriculum. This study underscores the need to improve teachers’ pedagogical competence, provide sufficient learning resources, and develop responsive educational policies to strengthen the overall implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum in schools.

This research aims to determine the extent to which interactive quizzes can help improve students' understanding of Economics lessons in the Merdeka Curriculum, which focuses on a Deep Learning approach implemented at SMA Negeri 4 Surakarta. The results show that quite a few students have difficulty grasping economic concepts. The lack of participation and learning motivation, combined with the dominance of the lecture method, makes the learning process tend to be one-way. Conversely, the application of digital technology by educators is still very limited. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, collecting data thru observation, interviews, and documentation. A total of five students from the eleventh grade were selected based on purposive sampling techniques who had already taken economics lessons. The results show that the quiz format contributes to increasing students' interest, attention, and participation due to the presence of visual elements, screen animation, and a game-like atmosphere. However, obstacles such as slow internet connectivity or a slightly longer completion time than estimated did arise, although they did not hinder overall learning activities. Essentially, implementing this type of quiz aligns with the direction of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes in-depth conceptual understanding while also encouraging self-study habits, training the ability to reflect on the material, and creating a classroom atmosphere that tends to be more dynamic.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of artificial intelligence in economics learning within the context of the Merdeka Curriculum and to examine its alignment with deep learning principles. The study employed a qualitative approach using a case study design conducted at SMAN 1 Boyolali. The research participants included economics teachers and eleventh grade students. Data were collected through classroom observations, in depth interviews, and document analysis. Data analysis was carried out interactively through data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. The findings indicate that the use of artificial intelligence in economics learning remains limited and has not been systematically integrated into pedagogical design. AI is primarily utilized as a supporting tool for lesson preparation and concept clarification rather than for adaptive learning, data driven assessment, or the enhancement of students’ critical thinking skills. Although students demonstrated positive responses toward AI assisted learning, several constraints were identified, including teachers’ limited pedagogical competence in AI integration, the absence of deep learning based instructional design, and infrastructural challenges. These findings suggest that the effectiveness of artificial intelligence in economics education depends not merely on technological availability, but on the alignment between pedagogy, curriculum policy, and human resource readiness.

Critical thinking skills are crucial in preparing students to face global challenges, particularly in economics, which utilizes the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. The purpose of this study was to determine students’ critical thinking skills through the implementation of the ALBICI (Active Learning Based Interactive Conceptual) learning model within the Merdeka curriculum based on a deep learning approach. This study employed a qualitative approach with a case study design, conducted through reviews and observations at SMA Islam 1 Surakarta. The results indicate that the implementation of the ALBICI interactive learning model can improve critical thinking skills within the Merdeka curriculum based on deep learning. This study also provides valuable guidance for educators seeking to implement effective teaching practices to enhance student interest and motivation, thus optimizing classroom activities.

The research intends to formulate an integrative approach for designing the Merdeka Curriculum based on Deep Learning in the Economics subject at SMA N 1 Boyolali. The rapid advancement of digital technology demands more adaptive, contextual, and student-centered learning models aligned with 21st- century competencies. Using a an exploratory research approach supported by a structured assessment of prior studies (SLR), this research synthesizes theoretical perspectives and previous studies related to curriculum design, deep learning, and educational innovation. The results reveal that the incorporation of Deep Learning into the Merdeka Curriculum offers a more responsive and data-driven framework, enabling deeper conceptual understanding, critical thinking, and problem-solving skills in Economics learning. However, several challenges were identified, including teachers limited digital competence, insufficient infrastructure, and minimal curriculum innovation training. The study emphasizes the significance of combining technological and pedagogical innovation to strengthen learning quality. The results provide a conceptual model that educators can adopt to design an adaptive curriculum aligned with students’ characteristics and contemporary educational demands.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in teaching personal and official letter writing, and to examine its impact on improving the writing skills of Grade VII B students at SMP Negeri 2 Banjarmasin. The study is motivated by students’ difficulties in distinguishing the structure and language style of personal and official letters, as well as their low engagement in the learning process. This research employed a descriptive quantitative approach using a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The instruments included writing tests (pre-test and post-test) and observation sheets to assess students’ activities and attitudes. The results indicate that PBL positively influences students' writing abilities. This is evidenced by a significant increase in the average post-test scores compared to the pre-test, along with improvements in critical thinking, collaboration, and independence. Students also demonstrated better understanding of the structural and linguistic features of both types of letters. Thus, the PBL model is recommended as an effective instructional strategy to enhance the quality of writing instruction, particularly within the framework of the Kurikulum Merdeka.

The purpose of this community service is to improve the understanding and competence of teachers at MTs in Teluk Lake District  Jambi City in compiling HOTS questions based on the independent learning curriculum. The implementation method of this community service uses participatory training, with stages of providing a pretest on the HOTS concept, providing training materials and practice in compiling HOTS questions, providing a posttest, and providing an evaluation sheet for the implementation of the training. The data analysis technique uses descriptive statistical techniques using a percentage approach and graphics in presenting data. The partners of this community service are teachers at MTs Muhammadiyah Tajurhalang Bogor. The results of this community service show that MTs in Teluk Lake District  Jambi City teachers have a good conceptual understanding of HOTS questions and increased skills in compiling HOTS questions based on the Independent Learning curriculum, so that they can be practiced in every learning evaluation in the classroom.

Educational transformation through the use of interactive technology is an integral part of the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, especially in Mathematics learning in Elementary Schools (SD). This curriculum emphasizes a contextual, student-centered, and adaptive learning approach to the challenges of the digital era. This study aims to analyze the role of interactive technology in improving the effectiveness of Mathematics learning and developing 21st-century skills in elementary school students. Various digital media such as GeoGebra, gamification applications, and visual simulations are used to help students understand abstract concepts in a concrete and enjoyable way. The results show that technology integration supports the achievement of the Pancasila Student Profile by increasing creativity, independence, and critical thinking skills. Challenges such as limited infrastructure and teacher competency can be overcome through continuous training and development of relevant local content.

This article discusses the challenges of implementing the Merdeka Learning Curriculum in mathematics education at secondary schools. The study aims to identify the obstacles faced by educators in applying this curriculum, including teacher readiness, infrastructure, and project-based learning methods. Through literature review, it was found that many teachers struggle to understand the new curriculum concepts and access digital learning platforms. Additionally, limitations in facilities and government policies deemed overly prescriptive also pose significant hurdles. Nevertheless, the Merdeka Curriculum offers opportunities to enhance educational quality through a more flexible approach. This research provides recommendations for evaluation and increased training for teachers to support more effective implementation. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators and policymakers in optimizing the application of the Merdeka Curriculum in Indonesia.

Character education has become the focus of various countries in order to prepare a quality generation.  Various problems arise with the development of modern technology in society. One of them is moral decline or what we often call moral degradation. The formation of character values ​​can be taught to students not only in the form of activities in class but also through activities outside the classroom or what is called co-curricular learning. The aim of this research is to describe and analyze the independent curriculum co-curricular program at SD Ar-Rahman Kertosono as an effort to build independent character in students. This research is qualitative research with a case study type of research. Data collection techniques use interviews, observation and documentation. Meanwhile, for data analysis, researchers carried out data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. This research produces findings that in the process students need to go through several character formation processes including moral knowledge, moral feelings and moral actions. These three processes are included in co-curricular activities at SD Ar-Rahman Kertosono.

Mentoring and strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5) in the Independent Curriculum is a strategic step to form a generation with character in accordance with Pancasila values. Mentoring is carried out through training, monitoring, and evaluation involving educators, students, and madrasa stakeholders. The results show a significant increase in teachers' understanding and ability in designing and implementing P5. In addition, students showed positive developments in aspects of independence, social responsibility, and critical thinking skills in accordance with the Pancasila student profile. This study recommends continued support to make P5 an integral part of the madrasah learning culture in order to realize national education goals. This collaborative approach is expected to strengthen the achievement of national education goals in the Independent Curriculum, especially in the area of religious-based education.

Mentoring and strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile Project (P5) in the Independent Curriculum is a strategic step to form a generation with character in accordance with Pancasila values. Mentoring is carried out through training, monitoring, and evaluation involving educators, students, and madrasa stakeholders. The results show a significant increase in teachers' understanding and ability in designing and implementing P5. In addition, students showed positive developments in aspects of independence, social responsibility, and critical thinking skills in accordance with the Pancasila student profile. This study recommends continued support to make P5 an integral part of the madrasah learning culture in order to realize national education goals. This collaborative approach is expected to strengthen the achievement of national education goals in the Independent Curriculum, especially in the area of religious-based education.

The purpose of this study is to discuss the role of educational philosophy in the development of educational theory and practice in Indonesia. Education is an essential component of human life. Education is critical in shaping human character and traits. The author employs qualitative research techniques. The author employs a literature review as a research method, while perusing and observing multiple written sources of information associated to the topic of educational philosophy's role in the formation of the Independent Learning Curriculum in the development of educational theory and practice in Indonesia. According to the research findings, the Independent Learning Curriculum is a curriculum designed by the Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology to give educational institutions flexibility in establishing a curriculum based on their unique requirements and features. The autonomous Learning Curriculum embodies the ethos of autonomous learning, specifically the spirit of student-centered learning. This paper concludes that theme learning is one of the learning approaches used in the Merdeka Belajar curriculum. This is consistent with the progressive educational concept, which holds that education must be focused on students' needs and interests.

The Merdeka Curriculum is a new innovation in the Indonesian education system which aims to give students the freedom to learn and emphasizes the importance of building character and moral values. This study investigates how a free curriculum contributes to the moral formation of students in elementary schools. Relevant sources, such as books, scientific articles and educational policy documents, were collected and analyzed through the literature study method in this research. This research found that a free curriculum, with a more contextual learning approach and involving students' active participation in real activities such as collaborative projects and extracurricular activities, helps students understand moral values ​​and apply them in everyday life. It is proven that parental and community involvement is also an important component in building student character. This research found that the free curriculum not only focuses on improving students' academic achievement but also strengthens moral and ethical values. Therefore, continuous development of this curriculum is necessary to achieve broad educational goals. It is hoped that this research will help educators, policy makers and other researchers improve the quality of education in Indonesia by providing guidance for maximizing the curriculum to achieve more comprehensive educational goals.

One aspect that urgently needs to be addressed in the Implementation of the Independent Curriculum (IKM) is the issue of leadership and decision effective, efficien, requires the togetherness of all elements of teachers and educational staff. School Leadership Workshop 1, was held making which has impact on students. A leadership model that is in May 2024, at SMP Negeri 1 Sooko, Kab. Mojokerto. The formulation of the problem solved in this PKM (community service) activity is how to develop the potential of School Principals, School Supervisors and teacher educators in making decisions as leaders effectively, through leadership workshops. Learning objectives are prepared by each educational unit with local content that has meaning given the environmental conditions. The goal to be achieved from this activity is the transformation of the 'classical' education process into meaningful and contextual education during Sekolah Penggerak. In this change, adequate coaching capabilities are needed from teachers and school principals, so they can provide more positive approach to students. The methods used in this activity are lectures and discussions, online training, in-house training in each educational unit through PMM, followed by a mentoring process over a period of 1 year, then full implementation in each educational unit.

The curriculum is a fundamental component of the education system, designed to meet the evolving needs of society. In 2022, the Indonesian Ministry of Education, Culture, Research, and Technology introduced the Merdeka Curriculum as a strategic response to global challenges and the impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum, identify the challenges encountered, and propose strategies to enhance its effectiveness. The research employs a literature review with a qualitative approach, underpinned by Structural Functional Theory to interpret the dynamics of curriculum implementation. The findings reveal significant disparities in teachers’ readiness to understand and implement the curriculum, influenced by factors such as training, resource availability, and institutional support. Major challenges include insufficient infrastructure, gaps in understanding, and resistance to pedagogical innovation. The study concludes that strengthening collaboration among teachers, schools, communities, and the government, combined with intensive training and infrastructure development, can optimize the curriculum’s potential in fostering globally competitive human resources. It is recommended that all stakeholders actively engage in cross-sector collaboration to ensure the sustainable implementation of the Merdeka Curriculum.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka (Freedom Curriculum) in developing students' attitudes and values at the junior high school level. The Kurikulum Merdeka, which focuses on student-centered and project-based learning, provides teachers with flexibility to integrate Pancasila values, such as mutual cooperation, justice, and tolerance, into learning activities. The findings indicate that this approach positively impacts students' curiosity, creativity, responsibility, as well as critical thinking and collaboration skills. Teachers play a crucial role as facilitators and role models, creating an inclusive and relevant learning environment tailored to students' needs. However, the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka faces challenges, including the readiness of human resources and infrastructure support. This study concludes that the Kurikulum Merdeka holds significant potential to shape students with strong character and global relevance, provided it is supported by collaboration among teachers, families, and communities.

The implementation of the Independent Curriculum in the field is not free from various challenges, especially for teachers who are faced with the demands of being able to develop innovative, adaptive teaching modules that are in accordance with the characteristics of students. SDN No. 10 Galung in Majene City is one of the elementary schools that also implements the Independent Curriculum. In this school, it was found that teachers' understanding and skills in developing teaching modules are still limited, so optimal training and mentoring are needed to support the successful implementation of the curriculum. This community service activity aims to optimize teachers' understanding and skills in developing the Independent Curriculum teaching modules. The methods used include training and mentoring. The results of this activity show a significant increase in teachers' ability to design and implement contextual and innovative teaching modules. This activity provides benefits for teachers in building more meaningful learning, student-centered, and in accordance with the principles of the Independent Curriculum.