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Indonesia is an archipelagic country where a significant part of its territory consists of maritime waters. In the context of jurisdiction governed by the 1985 Law on the Ratification of UNCLOS 1982, Northern Natuna, known for having the largest natural gas reserves in the Asia-Pacific, is recognized as part of Indonesia's (ZEE). However, Vietnam's ratification of UNCLOS in 1982 also asserts a similar claim, stating that geographically, Northern Natuna falls within their territory. Within the framework of principles of peace and international security, various efforts are directed at fostering good relations between countries in conflict resolution by providing a way for conflicting parties to resolve their disputes in accordance with international law. In international law, there are two methods of resolution: through peaceful means and through military action. This research indicates that the resolution of conflicts between Indonesia and Vietnam regarding maritime boundaries in the Exclusive Economic Zone can be achieved through various alternatives within the UNCLOS 1982 framework, such as peaceful resolution and mandatory dispute settlement procedures. Each country has the freedom to choose a resolution alternative that aligns with the wishes of both parties, whether through litigation or non-litigation, as stipulated in Article 280 of UNCLOS 1982.

The inner conflict of the main character in the novel entitled Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan is interesting to research through the study of literary psychology. The inner conflict experienced by the main character in the novel begins when the main character finds the woman of his dreams and searches for an identity that he has not yet believed in. The aim of this research is to describe the inner conflict experienced by the main character of the novel Sebening Syahadat by Diva Sinar Rembulan. This type of research is a literature study. The approach used is a literary psychology approach. The method used is a qualitative method. The data collection technique used is a documentation technique in three ways, namely, literature study, reading technique, and note-taking technique. The instrument used is a data card for the classification of intrinsic elements and forms of inner conflict. The analysis technique used is content analysis technique. The presentation of the results of data analysis is carried out descriptively. The results of this research found intrinsic elements in the form of characters and characterization, plot and setting. The second thing was found to be 47 data on the form of inner conflict in the form of (6) anxiety, (1) obsession, (3) frustration, (12) guilt, (7) hurt, (1) fear, (5) inability, (12) angry. This research can be used as an alternative teaching material at the high school/vocational school level.

Research conducted in Kampung Buatan II, Koto Gasib District, Siak Regency. This conflict occurs because there is a source of conflict that makes this conflict appear continuously. There are demands for land, the use of wood and environmental damage. This research aims to explore and collect information about social conflict, namely the sources of social conflict that arise between the people of Kampung Buatan II and the plantation company PT. Wahana Subur Sawit Indah (WSSI) vehicle and to find out about the efforts made in the process of resolving social conflicts between village communities and the plantation company PT. Wahana Subur Sawit Indah (WSSI) vehicle. This research uses descriptive qualitative research methods. With a total of five subjects, they were also involved in the conflict that occurred, then it was the native people of the village who knew about the conflict and felt capable of defining and explaining a process of solving the problem based on existing facts. For data collection used were observation techniques, in-depth interviews and documentation. The theories used are conflict theory and social movement theory. Research in the field found that land conflicts were caused by companies not carrying out obligations that should be fulfilled by the company, as well as the emergence of Timber Utilization Permits (IPK), which then became a debate that led to conflict until now. The community has made various efforts to resolve the conflict, but the company still does not heed the things that have been agreed upon. Oil palm plantation companies and communities are always a record of cases of conflict that always exist and land conflicts are also classic problems and tend to drag on throughout the year.

This research discusses the role of mediation models in handling conflicts between students in the school environment. Conflict between students can affect their academic and social well-being, as well as the overall climate at school. The mediation model has been identified as a potential approach to resolve such conflicts in a constructive and inclusive manner. This research involves implementing a mediation model in a school as a conflict resolution strategy. This research aims to find out how the mediation model is implemented in managing student conflicts at SMP Plus Darus Sholah Jember. This research was conducted through a qualitative descriptive approach using interview instruments, documentation and literature study. The subjects of this research were the principal and students at SMP Plus Darus Sholah Jember. The results of the research show that conflicts between students that often occur are truancy, dating, violence and bullying. The results of the mediation services carried out by the school show that there is student awareness, an attitude of peace, and the re-establishment of harmonious relationships between students and parents. The mediation service provided by the school can be said to be effective, because all parties starting from students, teachers, homeroom teachers, guidance counselors, parents and school principals participate in conflict resolution.

This research in-depth investigates agrarian law conflicts that arise in connection with toll road construction in the West Sumatra Province. The main focus of this research is on exploring the position of Minangkabau community customary land in the context of inheritance law. An in-depth analysis was carried out on the role of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia and Law Number 5 of 1960 concerning Basic Agrarian Principles (UUPA) in regulating the revocation of rights to customary land for the public interest. This research also explores comparisons with other regions in Indonesia to reveal variations in legal approaches in dealing with similar conflicts. Thus, this research aims to understand the complexity of conflicts that arise along with these infrastructure projects. The results of this research provide an illustration that the agrarian law conflict in West Sumatra is not only limited to the revocation of rights to customary land, but also involves aspects of inheritance law which significantly influence the position of the Minangkabau people. The implications of these findings will be explained comprehensively to provide in-depth insight into the dynamics of agrarian law conflicts in the context of infrastructure development in Indonesia.

Terate village, which is located near the PTPN XII Kotta Blater plantation company, is facing serious problems related to poor internet networks and electricity supplies. The aim of this research is to study the dynamics of conflict, how retarded access impacts people's lives. The analysis is based on Ralf Dahrendorf's conflict theory to understand inequality of access. This study will look at what caused conflict during the construction of internet and electricity network infrastructure in Terate Village, with special emphasis on the role of the economic power of PTPN XII Kotta Blater in causing conflict. In addition, we will investigate how limited access affects education, economic growth and social life in Terate Village. This research will use approaches such as interviews and surveys with the community to gain a better understanding of the dynamics of conflict in Terate Village. In addition, this research is expected to provide insight into the complexity of conflict and also provide recommendations with the aim of improving equality of access and quality of life.

Conflict is a situation involving individuals or groups who are at odds with each other or are in conflict with each other regarding differences in opinion, perception, communication and so on. A conflict does not necessarily occur, but is motivated by sources, symptoms and causes. The aim of this research is to find out and identify what are the sources of symptoms and causes of a conflict in an organization. The method used in this research is the literature review method which is taken from various sources such as magazines, newspapers, internet books and articles. In the literature study method, study related reference books and articles from previous research results that are relevant to the topic of this discussion. The results of this research are that conflict can originate from differences in personality, interactions, structural levels, cultural and ideological differences. In general, the symptoms behind the occurrence of conflict are disagreements between members of groups or organizations, norms that conflict with each other and conflicting actions between groups or organizations. The causes of conflict include communication, personality, limited resources, goals. inconsistent and so on.

The COVID-19 pandemic has transformed the educational landscape, and this literature review aims to identify the key factors contributing to increased conflicts among students. In this analysis, it was found that social isolation, anxiety, and stress are significant psychosocial factors influencing the sources, symptoms, and causes of student conflicts. Social isolation resulting from distance learning and social restrictions plays a role in escalating interpersonal tension. Anxiety arising from pandemic-related uncertainties also contributes to conflicts among students and educators. Stress, whether caused by the pandemic itself or changes in education, has potentially negative impacts that can trigger conflicts. This article also identifies symptoms indicating student conflicts, such as a decline in the quality of social relationships, behavioral problems, and decreased academic performance. Understanding these psychosocial factors can help educational institutions develop more effective intervention strategies to address student conflicts. A deeper understanding of these issues provides a strong foundation for a holistic approach to managing student conflicts in the post-pandemic era, with an emphasis on students' psychosocial well-being to create a safe and inclusive educational environment.

Hidup berdampingan berlandaskan Hukum Larvul Ngavbal dan falsafah Ain Ni Ain merupakan ciri khas masyarakat adat di Kepulauan Kei di Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara. Perkembangan teknologi, merubah pola pikir dan tingkah laku sehingga membuat manusia berbuat diluar adat istiadat. Kabupaten Maluku Tenggara ada pertikaian antara Desa Letvuan Kecamatan Hoat Sorbay dan Desa Debut di Kecamatan Manyeuw. Kehadiran Satuan Brigade Mobil (Brimob) dibutuhkan untuk menangani konflik yang sedang terjadi. Rumusan masalah mengenai bagaimana kriteria konflik yang mewajibkan Brimob untuk mengambil tindakan? Apa tindakan Brimob dalam mengatasi konflik antara Desa Letvuan dan Desa Debut?. Penelitian kualitatif dengan pendekatan partisipasi aktif, wawanara dan observasi. Hasilnya, Satuan Brimob adalah satuan khusus yang bertugas untuk menangani konflik antara Desa Letvuan dan Desa Debut. Penanganan yang dilakukan yaitu melerai massa yang bertikai dan penjagaan secara intensif. Upaya penanganan pasca konflik, anggota satuan Brimob berkoordinasi dengan pimpinan desa dan pemangku adat untuk dapat memberikan arahan bagi masyarakat agar menghindari konflik.

The journal 'The Dynamics of Conflict and Adaptation of Mobile Traders in Modern Society: A Dahrendorf Conflict Sociological Perspective' explores the complex interactions between mobile traders and modern society using the sociological framework of conflict proposed by Ralf Dahrendorf. This research details how mobile merchants, as social groups vulnerable to conflict with existing social authorities and structures, seek to adapt in a modern society filled with diverse social, economic, and cultural changes. With a focus on the dynamics of conflicts that arise along their journey, this journal also analyzes the adaptation strategies used by mobile traders in answering the challenges faced in this modern era. Through Dahrendorf's approach, this journal provides an in-depth insight into social change and conflict that occurs in contemporary society, by focusing on the role and experience of mobile traders as social agents who interact in the complexity of conflict and adaptation structures.  

Dalam penerapan self assessment system, Pemerintah   memberikan kepercayaan kepada wajib pajak untuk menentukan sendiri jumlah pajak terutang  yang akan dibayarkan ke Kas Negara, namun kepercayaan dimaksud di lain pihak dapat juga memberikan peluang ketidakpatuhan.  Agar pelaksanaan pemungutan pajak  tidak hanya surplus kepercayaan tetapi  minus kepatuhan, maka terhadap otoritas perpajakan diberikan wewenang  untuk melakukan pemeriksaan pajak. Tetapi tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa hasil pemeriksaan pajak merupakan cikal bakal timbulnya sengketa pajak, yang dalam penyelesaiannya wajib pajak berhak mengajukan keberatan dan banding. Mengajukan keberatan dan banding merupakan hak wajib pajak yang dilindungi undang-undang,  namun  sangat disayangkan  ketika wajib pajak mencari kepastian hukum dan keadilan berdasarkan amanat undang-undang,  disaat yang sama justru mendapatkan ketidakpastian hukum dan ketidakadilan dalam bentuk sanksi denda akibat kekalahan sebagian atau seluruh tuntutannya dalam keberatan dan banding. Penerapan sanksi denda  baik dalam keberatan maupun banding telah menimbulkan antinomi yakni pertentangan antar  norma hukum dan  antar peraturan  yang berlaku, sebab sanksi denda dikenakan pada saat wajib pajak justru  melaksanakan amanat undang-undang dan tidak melakukan pelanggaran atas peraturan perpajakan yang berlaku.  Oleh karenanya permasalahan penelitian dapat dirumuskan sebagai berikut: Pertama, mengapa penerapan sanksi denda akibat putusan keberatan dan banding dipandang bertentangan dengan asas kepastian hukum dan keadilan? Kedua, bagaimana seharusnya sistem pengaturan sanksi denda terhadap Wajib Pajak yang lebih memberikan jaminan kepastian hukum dan keadilan? Jenis penelitian tesis ini adalah penelitian doktrinal atau normatif. Pendekatan yang diterapkan adalah pendekatan undang-undang (statute approach), dan pendekatan konseptual (conceptual approach). Sumber dan jenis data penelitian adalah data sekunder. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan penerapan  sanksi denda dalam  penyelesaian sengketa pajak belum mencerminkan prinsip kepastian hukum dan keadilan yang meletakkan keseimbangan hak dan kewajiban antara fiskus dengan wajib pajak. Penyelesaian sengketa pajak belum memberikan jaminan perlindungan hukum terhadap wajib pajak. Penerapan sanksi denda  atas kekalahan sebagian atau seluruh  tuntutan dalam  keberatan dan banding  telah menimbulkan beberapa  konflik norma hukum  dan konflik antar beberapa peraturan perpajakan. Pengenaan sanksi denda pada umumnya ditujukan untuk menciptakan efek jera sehingga wajib pajak tidak mengulangi perbuatan yang sama di kemudian hari. Dalam konteks ini,  menciptakan efek jera bagi  wajib pajak untuk mencari keadilan dan kepastian hukum dapat dikategorikan sebagai upaya menghalang-halangi atau merintangi usaha wajib pajak  dalam mencari kepastian hukum dan keadilan melalui  keberatan dan banding, dan oleh karenanya sanksi denda  dimaksud sepatutnya  dihapuskan.

This study aimed to describe the model of social conflict the resolution costumary forest Pubabu. The focus of this research study is history of forest position Pubabu costumary, root of the problem of social conflict the traditional forest Pubabu and model of conflict resolution the costumary forest social Pubabu. The method of this study is qualitative oriented. Some techniques of data collecting in this study are interview, field observation, field note and document study. Technicques of data collectin in this study is interactive by Miles and Huberman with itssteps of process: data collecting, reduction, verification, data presentation. The results obtained from this study as follows: 1). Costumary forest and costumary society, 2). Cooperation of between the community and the government so that happened the social conflict of the costumary forest Pubabu in the management of costumary forest by society and government with base perspective and aimed of different which one of start conflict the costumary forest of logging in the year 2003, 2006, 2008, 3). Minister of the environment of regulation the number 83 year 2016 about is social forestry that 5 offer concept are: village forest, community forest, plant forest society, costumary of forest and community partnership. But of the 5 it concept offers, aspirations of costumary society is costumary forest; The forest owned by indigenous people previously it was a state forest or not state forest. Costumary forest are owned by community and the forest by community and the forest management costumary  it managed by indigenous peoples. This concept becomes aspiration costumary society Pubabu, the beginning of the struggle until now.

Tanah merupakan hal yang penting yang dapat dimanfaatkan oleh manusia untuk keberlangsungan hidup nya seperti bercocok tanam dan sebagai tempat pemukiman. Namun dalam pemanfaatanya tidak jarang banyak konflik yang terjadi antar manusia utamanya dalam kepemilikan hak tanah. Kepemilikan suatu tanah menjadi hal paling penting agar kita dapat mengidentifikasi suatu tanah yang dimiliki seseorang. Kegiatan pengabdian ini bertujuan untuk meningkatkan kepastian hukum pendaftaran tanah di Desa Bahung Bahung melalui upaya sosialisasi dan pendampingan langsung kepada masyarakat desa. Tujuan utama dari kegiatan pengabdian adalah untuk memberdayakan masyarakat desa Bahung Sibatu Batu agar lebih memahami dan dapat mengakses proses pendaftaran tanah dengan mudah dan tepat. Metode yang digunakan dalam kegiatan pengabdian ini meliputi observasi,penyuluhan,pemaparan materi terkait pendaftaran tanah, dan evaluasi. Melalui kegiatan penyuluhan, informasi tentang prosedur dan persyaratan pendaftaran tanah disampaikan kepada masyarakat desa Bahung Sibatu Batu. Hasil dari kegiatan pengabdian ini menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kesadaran dan pengetahuan masyarakat desa mengenai proses pendaftaran tanah. Kegiatan pengabdian ini memberikan manfaat yang signifikan bagi masyarakat Desa Bahung Bahung. Dengan meningkatnya pemahaman dan partisipasi masyarakat dalam proses pendaftaran tanah, tercipta kepastian hukum yang lebih baik, dan konflik yang berhubungan dengan kepemilikan tanah dapat diatasi secara berkelanjutan.

The aim is to understand how interpersonal conflict and workload influence how work stress at the South Sulawesi Province BKKBN Representative Office was surveyed to obtain primary data. Saturated sampling was used in this study, and a total of 98 people were sampled. The validity and reliability of these findings have been evaluated, through tests of heteroscedasticity, multicollinearity, and normality have all been considered. The data analysis method uses multiple regression.

This study aims to determine simultaneously and partially leadership and work conflict on employee performance at RSUD dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya City. The method used in this research is quantitative with an employee survey approach with a sample of 75 respondents. The data collected were primary and secondary. Data analysis in this study used multiple linear regression analysis, correlation coefficient and coefficient of determination using SPSS software. The results of this study indicate that leadership and work conflict simultaneously have a significant effect on employee performance at Dr. Soekardjo Hospital, Tasikmalaya City. Leadership partially has a significant effect on employee performance at RSUD dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya City. Work conflict has no significant effect on employee performance at RSUD dr. Soekardjo Tasikmalaya City.

This study aims to determine the effect of workload, job burnout and role conflict on work stress. data collection was carried out through distributing questionnaires to 48 respondents. Data collection techniques by distributing questionnaires. The analysis used is the validity test, reliability test, classic assumption test, multiple linear regression analysis test and the coefficient of determination. The analysis technique used is the help of the SPSS analysis program Version 25 for Windows. The results obtained in this study indicate that the variable workload, job burnout and role conflict have a simultaneous effect on work stress. The workload variable has a significant effect on work stress, the job burnout variable has a significant effect on work stress, while the role conflict variable has a significant effect on work stress.

Literary works are cultural products that are believed to be able to communicate the inner experiences of an author to life's problems, both as creators and as part of local community groups. The script for the drama Malam Jahanam by Motinggo Boesje is one of the literary works whose content sheds a lot of inner experiences. One of them is Paijah. The character Paijah is the only female character in the drama script Malam Jahanam by Motinggo Boesje. Paijah's character also experiences many inner conflicts in the drama. The purpose of this research is to describe the inner conflict of the character Paijah in the drama script Malam Jahanam by Motinggo Boesje using the branch of Literary Psychology. This research was conducted using a descriptive qualitative method. The data used for this study are in the form of dialogues and monologues conveyed by the character Paijah in the play. From the results of this study, there are several forms of inner conflict experienced by the character Paijah, including fear, anger, hurt, and panic. These factors cause the inner conflict of Paijah's character to Mat Kontan as her husband, Soleman as her lover, and Utai can occur.

Sengketa merupakan kelanjutan dari konflik, sedangkan konflik itu sendiri adalah suatu perselisihan antara dua pihak, tetapi perselisihan itu hanya dipendam dan tidak diperlihatkan dan apabila perselisihan itu diberitahukan kepada pihak lain maka akan menjadi sengketa. Timbulnya sengketa hukum mengenai tanah berawal dari pengaduan suatu pihak (orang atau badan hukum) yang berisi keberatan-keberatan dan tuntutan hak atas tanah baik terhadap status tanah, prioritas maupun kepemilikannya dengan harapan dapat memperoleh penyelesaian secara administrasi sesuai dengan ketentuan peraturan yang berlaku. Permasalahan dalam penelitian ini: 1)  faktor – faktor apa yang menyebabkan penyelesaian sengketa tanah dilakukan melalui putusan perdamaian oleh pengadilan? 2) Bagaimana penyelesaian sengketa tanah melalui putusan perdamaian oleh pengadilan (Studi Kasus Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Demak Nomor: 5/PDT.G/2018/PN.DMK).  3) Bagaimana perlindungan hukum terhadap para pihak Pasca Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Demak Nomor: 5/PDT.G/2018/PN.DMK? Metode pendekatan yang digunakan dalam penelitian ini yaitu metode pendekatan yuridis normatif, spesifikasi penelitian  adalah deskritif  analitis, sumber dan jenis data yaitu data primer yang dilakukan dengan metode wawancara, dan data sekunder yang dilakukan dengan studi pustaka/dokumen, analisis data yang digunakan penelitian ini adalah analisis kualitatif. Hasil penelitian: 1) Faktor biaya perkara mahal dan penyelesaian sengketa yang lambat menyebabkan penyelesaian sengketa dilakukan melalui putusan perdamaian oleh pengadilan., 2) Putusan Pengadilan Negeri Demak Nomor 5/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Dmk memenuhi asas-asas/prinsip-prinsip dalam eksekusi putusan perkara perdata. 3) Perlindungan hukum terhadap pemegang hak atas tanah, berdasarkan perkara No. 5/Pdt.G/2018/PN.Dmk yaitu sebagai Penggugat (ahli waris sah Almarhum H.S.Supardi) sudah mendapat perlindungan sesuai dengan hukum yang berlaku.

Sebuah organisasi memiliki berbagai komponen yang saling bergantung dalam mengerjakan tugasnya masing-masing. Tujuan organisasi sendiri yaitu sebagai wadah dalam mencapai suatu keinginan, cita-cita atau tujuan yang dilakukan bersama dengan para anggota organisasi. Dalam upaya mencapai tujuan organisasi yang anggotanya harmonis, diperlukannya manajemen konflik di dalam organisasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode studi literatur atau library research untuk mengumpulkan, membaca, menelaah, dan mengolah data juga informasi yang relevan tentang manajemen konflik dan upaya penanganan konflik dalam organisasi pendidikan di sekolah. Manajemen konflik merupakan suatu rencana untuk mengatur keadaan yang tidak sebagaimana mestinya yang terjadi oleh pihak-pihak yang terlibat yaitu pihak yang bertengkar dalam organisasi. Konflik menjadi negatif jika dikelola dengan tidak baik, begitupun sebaliknya konflik menjadi suatu yang positif jika pengelolaan konflik tersebut dilakukan dengan baik dan sistematis. Penelitian ini menjelaskan bahwa suatu manajemen konflik dan upaya penanganan konflik dalam organisasi pendidikan di sekolah merupakan komponen penting dalam menciptakan kinerja dan efektivitas kerja suatu organisasi. Dengan penanganan konflik dan strategi pencegahan konflik diatas diharapkan mampu membantu dalam memberikan suatu pemahaman dan wawasan agar mampu meningkatkan suatu kualitas kinerja dalam suatu organisasi.  

The war between Russia and Ukraine has recently been in the international spotlight. One of the things seen is the weapons technology used. The modernization of weapons technology has prolonged the war on both sides. This article will discuss Javelin and NLAW which are types of portable anti-tank missiles and their use in the Russia-Ukraine war. Man-Portable Anti-tank Systems are shoulder-fired missiles that are used to destroy opposing tanks. Weapons such as the Javelin and NLAW are the result of the development of earlier versions of the Anti-Tank Guided Missile. These "fire and forget" type missiles such as the Javelin belong to the third generation ATGM system. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative. Data will be obtained through literature studies from secondary sources such as books, documents, online articles, and media online. The data obtained will be analyzed descriptively. The results of this study show that Javelin and NLAW missiles are very effectively used by Ukraine in repelling Russian tanks.