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This study was conducted to examine the integration of spiritual intelligence into Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning as an effort to strengthen students’ character. At MA Al-Amien Bugih Pamekasan, some students still demonstrate a lack of discipline, responsibility, and honesty in the learning process. To address these issues, PAI teachers integrate spiritual values through religious activities and the cultivation of positive habits during classroom instruction. This study aims to describe the implementation of spiritual intelligence integration, the strategies used by teachers, and its implications for students’ character development. This research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through observations, interviews, and documentation involving purposively selected informants, namely PAI teachers and students. Data analysis followed the Miles, Huberman, and Saldana model, including data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The validity of the findings was ensured through source and technique triangulation. The results indicate that the integration of spiritual intelligence in PAI learning has been implemented systematically through planning, implementation, and evaluation stages. Teachers incorporate spiritual values through religious practices, role modeling, learning reflections, discussions of moral values, and character assessments. These strategies contribute positively to the development of students’ character, particularly in fostering discipline, responsibility, honesty, cooperation, empathy, and independence. Although several challenges remain, including differences in students’ backgrounds, limited instructional time, and external environmental influences, the integration of spiritual values continues to support sustainable character development among students. The findings highlight the important role of spiritual intelligence in creating meaningful learning experiences and promoting positive character formation in Islamic educational settings.

The rapid development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) has transformed various sectors of human life, including church ministry and religious organizational management. This study aims to analyze Christian leadership ethics in the use of AI within modern church ministry. The research employs a qualitative descriptive method through theological literature review and analysis of recent studies concerning digital technology and pastoral ministry. The findings indicate that AI provides significant benefits for church administration, digital communication, congregational data management, and online evangelism. Nevertheless, ethical challenges also emerge, such as the weakening of pastoral relationships, data privacy concerns, algorithmic bias, and the risk of dehumanization in ministry practices. From a Christian theological perspective, ministry is fundamentally relational and incarnational, reflecting the example of Jesus Christ who ministered through personal presence, compassion, and direct interaction with people. Therefore, AI should be understood as a supportive instrument rather than a substitute for spiritual authority and pastoral presence. Christian leadership in the digital age must be grounded in integrity, transparency, spiritual discernment, and respect for human dignity as the image of God (imago Dei). This study contributes to the development of ethical guidelines for churches in utilizing AI responsibly while maintaining theological integrity and Christian spiritual values.

Pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has experienced a decline in quality in fostering the maturity of faith and the spiritual life of the congregation. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which emotional intelligence influences the quality of pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression techniques. This study proves that: Based on data reduction, it is known that the emotional intelligence of pastors, administrators, and servants of the Voice of Truth Gospel Church in the North Sumatra region is in the high category; Based on the results of data reduction, it is also known that the majority of respondents assess that pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has been running quite effectively; Emotional Intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the variable of Pastoral Care Quality. This can be seen from the calculated t (8.857) > t table (1.65437) and Sig. (0.000) < 0.05, and based on the results of the coefficient of determination test, it is known that the Quality of Herding is influenced by the Emotional Intelligence variable with a value of 61.2% and the remaining 39.8% is influenced by other variables outside this study.

This study examines the role of spiritual intelligence in shaping students’ understanding of happiness in the digital era from an Islamic psychology perspective. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research involves university students who actively engage with social media. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation, and analyzed using thematic analysis. The findings reveal a significant shift in the meaning of happiness, from a substantive and intrinsic concept to a more symbolic and externally driven construct influenced by digital culture and online validation. Nevertheless, spiritual intelligence functions as a reflective and stabilizing mechanism, enabling students to reinterpret happiness as a deeper, more meaningful inner state. From the perspective of Islamic psychology, true happiness (sa’adah) is grounded in closeness to God and the internalization of spiritual values in daily life. This study underscores the importance of spiritual intelligence in addressing psychological challenges in the digital age and fostering a more balanced and authentic sense of well-being among students.

The accelerating global ecological crisis, manifested in deforestation, biodiversity collapse, and extreme climate change, fundamentally reflects a deep-rooted moral and spiritual deterioration within modern humanity. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) holds a unique strategic position to address this crisis by systematically integrating naturalistic intelligence, the eighth dimension of Howard Gardner's Multiple Intelligences theory, into the character formation process of students. This qualitative library research employs content analysis and conceptual analysis techniques applied to relevant primary and secondary academic sources published between 2019 and 2026. The study pursues three objectives: (1) to examine the conceptual and theological foundations of naturalistic intelligence within the Islamic educational framework; (2) to identify the reciprocal relationship patterns between naturalistic intelligence and the formation of religious-ecological character in students; and (3) to formulate integrative Islamic education management strategies for optimizing naturalistic intelligence. Findings reveal that naturalistic intelligence possesses robust theological grounding in Islamic tradition, anchored in the concepts of tafakkur, ayat kauniyah, khalifatullah fil ardh, and scientia sacra, none of which are peripheral but rather central to the Islamic worldview. The relationship between naturalistic intelligence and religious-ecological character is bidirectional and mutually reinforcing, operating through three sequential pathways: from naturalistic intelligence to theological consciousness, from theological consciousness to intrinsic ecological motivation, and from intrinsic motivation to consistent religious-ecological behavior. Islamic education management can optimize naturalistic intelligence development through four strategic pillars: reconstruction of the PAI curriculum based on ayat kauniyah, development of innovative eco-theological pedagogy, construction of an eco-conscious school culture, and strengthening of school-family-community partnerships. This study advances the concept of "Spiritual Eco-Literacy" as an original paradigmatic contribution to 21st-century Islamic education.

This study was conducted at Istiqlal Delitua Private Vocational School entitled "Islamic Religious Education Teachers' Strategies in Improving Students' Spiritual Intelligence at Istiqlal Delitua Private Vocational School" which was motivated by the spiritual attitudes of students at Istiqlal Delitua Private Vocational School which were not good enough. The purpose of this study was to determine the strategies used by Islamic Religious Education teachers in improving the spiritual intelligence of students at Istiqlal Delitua Private Vocational School. This study used qualitative research, with a phenomenological methodology and used several data collection techniques, namely observation, interviews, and documentation, data analysis stages, namely Data Reduction, Data Display, Conclusion Drawing/Verification. The results of the study showed that the strategies applied by teachers in educating students' spiritual attitudes were by habituating students such as getting them used to discipline, getting them used to caring for the environment, getting them used to reading prayers before starting learning, getting them used to greeting teachers, and getting them used to reading the Qur'an. In addition, teachers employ strategies for providing advice and reprimands, such as instilling good values, providing advice and guidance, and administering punishments to students. All of the educational methods employed by Islamic Religious Education teachers at the school are beneficial and are expected to instill spiritual values ​​in students during the learning process, both inside and outside the school environment.

. The rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) has brought significant changes in various fields, including education and church life. This study aims to examine the dynamics of the formation of prospective catechists in facing the challenges of AI use at the IPI Malang Pastoral College. This study used a qualitative, descriptive approach, through observation and interviews with students as research subjects. The results show that the use of AI has become an integral part of the learning process, helping students understand material, develop academic skills, and enhance creativity in the pastoral field. However, the use of AI also poses challenges in the form of a tendency towards instantaneous attitudes and potential dependency that can hinder critical thinking skills and deep reflection on faith. In the context of pastoral education, the formation of prospective catechists emphasizes not only intellectual aspects but also spirituality, personality, and pastoral sensitivity. Therefore, the wise and proportional use of AI is necessary, while still positioning it as a supporting tool, not a substitute for human roles. The role of lecturers and educational institutions is crucial in guiding students to be able to use technology critically, reflectively, and responsibly. Thus, the integration of technology and faith values ​​is expected to produce prospective catechists who are able to respond to the challenges of the times in a relevant and meaningful manner.

Pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has experienced a decline in quality in fostering the maturity of faith and the spiritual life of the congregation. The purpose of this study is to determine the extent to which emotional intelligence influences the quality of pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra. This study uses a quantitative approach. The data obtained were analyzed using simple linear regression techniques. This study proves that: Based on data reduction, it is known that the emotional intelligence of pastors, administrators, and servants of the Voice of Truth Gospel Church in the North Sumatra region is in the high category; Based on the results of data reduction, it is also known that the majority of respondents assess that pastoral care within the Voice of Truth Gospel Church throughout North Sumatra has been running quite effectively; Emotional Intelligence has a positive and significant effect on the variable of Pastoral Care Quality. This can be seen from the calculated t (8.857) > t table (1.65437) and Sig. (0.000) < 0.05, and based on the results of the coefficient of determination test, it is known that the Quality of Herding is influenced by the Emotional Intelligence variable with a value of 61.2% and the remaining 39.8% is influenced by other variables outside this study.

This study examines the predictive influence of religious habituation and teacher role modeling on students’ emotional intelligence in an Islamic elementary school context. A quantitative approach with an ex post facto design was employed, involving 78 students selected through total sampling. Data were collected using Likert-scale questionnaires and analyzed using multiple linear regression. The findings indicate that religious habituation has a positive and significant effect on students’ emotional intelligence, while teacher role modeling demonstrates a relatively stronger contribution. Simultaneously, both variables significantly predict emotional intelligence, explaining 74.9% of its variance. These results suggest that students’ socio-emotional development is shaped by the integration of structured religious practices and pedagogical modeling within the school environment. The study contributes to the ecological-religious perspective on character education by emphasizing the importance of consistent spiritual habituation and teachers’ personal competence in fostering emotional regulation and social skills. Practically, Islamic elementary schools are encouraged to strengthen religious culture programs and support teachers’ emotional and moral development to enhance students’ emotional intelligence.

This study examines Philippians 1:9-10 as a theological foundation for integrating emotional and spiritual intelligence in Christian Religious Education (CRE). The background reveals that CRE in Indonesia primarily focuses on cognitive knowledge transfer, often overlooking the development of emotional and spiritual intelligence. This study aims to explore how Philippians 1:9-10 can provide a biblical framework for combining these two dimensions of intelligence in CRE. The research method used is biblical exegesis with a qualitative approach, supported by a literature review. The findings suggest that Philippians 1:9-10 highlights three integrated dimensions: love (emotional-affective), knowledge (cognitive), and discernment (spiritual-reflective). These dimensions, when integrated, offer a holistic model for CRE that nurtures students comprehensively. The study’s implications call for a reformed CRE curriculum that systematically incorporates emotional and spiritual intelligence, with teaching practices that model Christ’s humility, love, and obedience. This holistic approach can enhance the formation of Christian character, promoting not only intellectual growth but also emotional maturity and spiritual depth in students.

Emotional intelligence (EQ) and spirituality (SQ) are two important aspects in shaping an individual's psychological balance. The study conducted a systematic review of 20 scientific articles to explore the relationship between the two in various contexts, such as education, organization, and health. The results of the study show that EQ and SQ are not only significantly interconnected, but also play a joint role in improving emotional regulation, resilience, and meaning of life. These findings confirm the importance of a holistic approach to self-development that integrates emotional and spiritual dimensions to achieve wholesome well-being. Further, empirical evidence indicates that individuals with high EQ and SQ tend to have better interpersonal skills, stronger adaptability, as well as lower levels of stress. The integration of these two constructs is also relevant for the design of positive psychology-based interventions and character education, as it can strengthen self-awareness, empathy, and value orientation. Thus, simultaneously strengthening EQ and SQ has the potential to be an effective strategy in improving quality of life and mental health across settings.

This study aims to: (1) Describe and analyze the influence of memorization of the Qur'an on the emotional intelligence of students at the Integrated Islamic Private Middle School of Al-Furqan Tebas Islamic Boarding School, Sambas Regency, (2) Describe and analyze the influence of memorization of the Qur'an on the spiritual intelligence of students at the Integrated Islamic Private Middle School of Al-Furqan Tebas Islamic Boarding School, Sambas Regency. This study is a descriptive quantitative study with a causal associative research type (cause and effect). In this study, there are 3 variables, namely the first variable is memorization of the Qur'an, the second variable is emotional intelligence and the third variable is students' spiritual intelligence. The population with research subjects are 40 students of class VIII of the Integrated Islamic Private Middle School of Al-Furqan Tebas Islamic Boarding School. Data collection using the questionnaire method. Instrument validity test using the product moment analysis technique, while reliability test using the alpha coefficient. The data analysis technique used multiple regression analysis. Prior to data analysis, a normality test was conducted. The results of the study indicate that: (1) There is a positive and significant effect of Quran memorization on emotional intelligence, with a magnitude of 0.388 (38.8%), with the remainder influenced by other factors. (2) There is a positive and significant effect of Quran memorization on spiritual intelligence, with a magnitude of 0.376 (37.6%), with the remainder influenced by other factors.

This study aims to examine the concept of intellectual intelligence from the perspective of the Qur’an and its implications for the development of contemporary Islamic education. The background of this research is rooted in the tendency of modern education to emphasize rational–cognitive aspects while neglecting spiritual and moral dimensions. This study employs a qualitative approach with a library research design, utilizing thematic analysis of Qur’anic verses, classical and contemporary tafsir works, and relevant scholarly literature. The findings reveal that intellectual intelligence in the Qur’an is understood holistically through the concepts of ‘aql, tafakkur, tadabbur, and tafaqquh, and is represented in the characteristics of ulul albab, qaum ya‘qilun, and ulul abshar. Qur’anic intellectual intelligence is not value-neutral but is integrated with God-consciousness and moral responsibility. The implications of this study emphasize the need for Islamic education to develop intellectual capacity in a critical, reflective, and value-oriented manner through dialogical learning, integrative curricula, and the role of educators as intellectual and moral facilitators. These findings reinforce the urgency of renewing the paradigm of Islamic education that balances intellect, faith, and morality.

This study aims to examine the use of artificial intelligence (AI) in transforming Buddhist Sunday School education at the Shimakalingga Temple in Jepara in the digital era. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation studies. The results show that AI technology is beginning to be utilized in the learning process, such as the use of interactive visual media, Dharma quiz applications, and digital platforms for distance learning. The use of AI has been proven to increase student interest and understanding of Buddhist teachings, as well as support more inclusive and adaptive learning. However, challenges remain, including limited resources, lack of teacher training, and the need for ethical guidelines for the use of AI in the context of religious education. This study concludes that AI plays a significant role in supporting the transformation of Buddhist education, but its use must remain balanced with spiritual values and the role of teachers as moral guides. Therefore, collaboration between the temple, educators, and technology is needed to create a sustainable learning system based on Dharma values.

The phenomenon of poor emotional management among students, such as irritability, low empathy, and lack of cooperation skills, poses a challenge in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning. This study aims to examine the dimensions of students’ emotional intelligence in the context of PAI learning based on the theories of Daniel Goleman and Salovey-Mayer. Using a literature review approach and qualitative content analysis, this research explores various theories, empirical research findings, and expert opinions derived from relevant journals, books, and scholarly works. The results indicate that emotional intelligence plays a crucial role in the success of PAI learning, particularly in shaping students’ character, Islamic morals, and social skills. Goleman’s theory, which emphasizes five main dimensions self-awareness, self-regulation, motivation, empathy, and social skills can be integrated with the Salovey-Mayer model, which outlines the abilities of perceiving, understanding, and managing emotions cognitively. These dimensions can be synergistically implemented in the PAI learning process to achieve holistic Islamic education goals. In this context, PAI learning is not only oriented toward the transfer of religious knowledge but also toward the formation of an Islamic personality through the integration of emotional management with Islamic values. Teachers, as uswah hasanah (exemplary role models), play a vital role in demonstrating emotional management aligned with Islamic teachings, guiding students through the habituation of Islamic behavior, and providing direction that encourages discipline in worship. A comprehensive understanding of Islam, combined with emotional management skills, shapes students who are not only intellectually intelligent but also emotionally and spiritually mature.

This study is motivated by the importance of emotion regulation skills among university students who are in the transitional phase toward early adulthood, where academic, social, and personal pressures can affect psychological well-being. Spiritual intelligence is considered one of the factors that can support this ability. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotion regulation among students of the Faculty of Science, Technology, and Health, Universitas Sahid Surakarta. This research employed a quantitative method with a correlational design. The sample consisted of 196 students selected through purposive sampling. The research instruments were a spiritual intelligence scale and an emotion regulation scale, both of which had been tested for validity and reliability. Data were analyzed using Pearson Product Moment correlation. The results showed a very strong and significant positive relationship between spiritual intelligence and emotion regulation (r = 0.883; p < 0.05). These findings indicate that the higher the students’ spiritual intelligence, the better their ability to recognize, evaluate, and manage emotions. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of developing spiritual intelligence in higher education settings as an effort to enhance students’ emotion regulation abilities.

Penelitian ini mengkaji bagaimana meditasi di alam terbuka dapat meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual pada generasi muda Penghayat Sapta Darma di Kabupaten Wonogiri. Latar belakang penelitian ini adalah penurunan moralitas dan kesadaran spiritual di kalangan generasi muda, yang terlihat dari perilaku dan tutur kata yang kurang menghormati norma-norma sosial. Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui peran meditasi di alam terbuka dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual, mengidentifikasi tantangan dan hambatan dalam pelaksanaannya, serta menganalisis perbandingan kualitas kecerdasan spiritual sebelum dan sesudah mengikuti meditasi. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kualitatif studi kasus dengan teknik pengumpulan data melalui observasi, wawancara mendalam, dan dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa meditasi di alam terbuka efektif dalam meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual, terutama dalam hal pengendalian diri, kesadaran moral, dan sikap sosial. Peserta meditasi mengalami perubahan signifikan dalam perilaku, menjadi lebih tenang, sabar, dan menghargai orang lain. Kesimpulan dari penelitian ini adalah meditasi di alam terbuka merupakan metode yang efektif untuk meningkatkan kecerdasan spiritual dan moralitas generasi muda Penghayat Sapta Darma.

Abstrak. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh Komitmen dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Service Quality. Disamping itu, penelitian ini juga bertujuan untuk menguji pengaruh variabel intervening Organizational Citizenship Behaviour (OCB) pada hubungan antara Komitmen dan Kecerdasan Spiritual terhadap Service Quality. Penelitian dilakukan dengan metode survey dengan cara menyebarkan kuesioner kepada 145 anggota Satgas Covid-19 Kecamatan Bodeh Kabupaten Pemalang. Pengambilan sampel penelitian menggunakan dengan teknik sensus sampling. Penelitian ini memberikan hasil bahwa: Komitmen tidak berpengaruh signifikan terhadap service quality; kecerdasan spiritual berpengaruh positif terhadap service quality; Organizational Citizenship Behaviour memiliki pengaruh positif dan signifikan terhadap service quality; OCB tidak memiliki pengaruh memediasi hubungan antara komitmen terhadap service qualitysecara; OCB tidak memiliki pengaruh memdiasi hubungan antara kecerdasan spiritual terhadap service quality.

This study aims to analyze the planning, implementation, and supervision of character education management in developing the emotional intelligence of students at Pondok Pesantren Madrasatul Qur’an Sabak Permai, Siak Sri Indrapura, Riau. The background of this research is the phenomenon of character degradation among students as a result of rapid technological advancement and social change. This research employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, participatory observation, and documentation. The results show that the planning of character education is formulated based on the pesantren’s vision, mission, and goals, which emphasize the formation of students’ character. Implementation is carried out through structured and consistent daily activities to foster emotional intelligence, such as discipline, role modeling, habituation, and spiritual development. Supervision is conducted continuously through program evaluation by the pesantren administrators. The findings indicate that character education management plays a strategic role in shaping students who not only have strong character but also stable and adaptive emotional intelligence. The implication of this study highlights the need to strengthen character education management within the pesantren education system to face the challenges of modern development.

This study aims to analyze the influence of discipline in congregational prayer and understanding of religious sermons (kultum) on the spiritual intelligence of 8th-grade students at SMPN 1 Jetis. Spiritual intelligence is important in shaping students' character and morals. However, several issues were identified, such as tardiness in congregational prayers, preference for sitting in the back rows, and lack of understanding of the messages conveyed in the sermons. This research employed a quantitative correlational non-experimental method with simple random sampling. Data collection was conducted through questionnaires and documentation.The results of the study show that: (1) Discipline in congregational prayer has a significant effect on spiritual intelligence, with the regression equation Y = 16.723 + 0.501X1, a P-value of 0.000 < 0.05, and an R² value of 21.4%; (2) Understanding of sermons also has a significant effect, with the equation Y = 22.301 + 0.341X1, a P-value of 0.000 < 0.05, and an R² value of 23.6%; (3) The combination of discipline in prayer and understanding of sermons has a simultaneous effect on spiritual intelligence with the model Y = 15.702 + 0.307X1 + 0.234X2, a P-value of 0.000 < 0.05, and an R² value of 29.3%. Therefore, improving discipline in prayer and understanding of sermons can enhance spiritual intelligence.