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The transformation of the digital economy has become a significant phenomenon in Indonesia’s economic development, driven by rapid advances in information and communication technology. The digital economy is viewed as a strategic instrument to accelerate economic growth, enhance financial inclusion, and strengthen the competitiveness of business actors, particularly micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs). This study aims to analyze the transformation of the digital economy in Indonesia by examining its opportunities, challenges, and impacts on the national economy. The research adopts a qualitative approach using a literature review method, drawing on relevant national and international academic journals. Data analysis is conducted through a descriptive-qualitative approach by linking empirical findings with the theoretical frameworks of innovation economics and endogenous growth theory. The findings indicate that the digital economy offers substantial opportunities to improve efficiency, productivity, financial inclusion, and the creation of new digital-based employment. However, the transformation also faces major challenges, including the digital divide, limited human resource capacity, and issues related to regulation and data security. The implications of this study highlight the importance of strengthening digital infrastructure, enhancing digital literacy and skills, and developing adaptive governance frameworks to ensure that the digital economy contributes optimally and sustainably to Indonesia’s economic development.

This study aims to determine how the implementation of the free meal program improves the welfare of the elderly in Paokmotong Village, Masbagik District. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with a survey method. The sample consisted of 92 elderly beneficiaries of the program. Data were collected through a questionnaire and analyzed descriptively and inferentially using a one-sample t-test. The results showed that the average total welfare of the elderly was 64.58 out of a maximum score of 80, which is included in the good to very good category. The results of the t-test produced a value of t = 75.749 p-value 0.000 <0.05, which means there is a significant difference between the welfare score of the elderly and the minimum expected value. This indicates that the implementation of the free meal program has a positive impact on the quality of life of the elderly. The implementation of the free meal program has been proven to have a significant positive impact on improving the quality of life of the elderly, especially in aspects of physical and mental health and reducing their economic difficulties. This program can be a model for improving the welfare of the elderly in other areas.

Divorce is a social phenomenon that is increasingly common and has various social, economic, and psychological impacts, especially for women as the most vulnerable party. Divorce not only results in changes in the legal status of husband and wife, but also affects the emotional condition and social well-being of women after the end of the marriage bond. From an Islamic legal perspective, the 'iddah period functions as a protection mechanism for women after divorce, which aims to maintain honor, ensure clarity of pregnancy conditions, and provide certainty of legal status. However, in practice there are conditions that resemble the 'iddah period without fully fulfilling the formal provisions of Islamic law, known as Syibhul 'Iddah, due to the unclear status of divorce or differences in legal interpretation. This concept has an important role in protecting women's rights, especially regarding livelihood, residence, and legal certainty after divorce. This study uses a library research method with a normative legal approach. Data were collected through a review of primary, secondary, and tertiary legal materials, including the Qur'an and Hadith, Islamic jurisprudence literature, laws and regulations such as the Compilation of Islamic Law, and relevant journals and scholarly works. Data analysis was conducted qualitatively using descriptive-analytical methods to examine the concept of Syibhul 'Iddah and its implications for the protection of women's rights after divorce.  

The development of modern biotechnology has brought fundamental changes to the life sciences through the application of molecular biology, genetic engineering, and bioinformatics techniques. This article aims to examine the transformation of life sciences through modern biotechnology approaches and its impact on health, agriculture, the environment, and industry. The method used is a descriptive-analytical literature review based on international journal sources and relevant scientific publications. The results of the study indicate that technologies such as CRISPR-Cas9 enable precise gene editing for genetic disease therapy, while the mRNA vaccine platforms developed by Pfizer and Moderna demonstrate the acceleration of biomedical innovation in response to the global pandemic. In the agricultural sector, genetic engineering increases crop productivity and resilience, while in the environmental sector, biotechnology supports environmentally friendly bioremediation processes. However, ethical and regulatory challenges remain important concerns in its implementation. In conclusion, modern biotechnology plays a key role as a catalyst for sustainable, innovation-driven transformation in the life sciences.

Incest is a form of sexual violence that not only violates social and religious norms but also causes serious physical and mental health impacts on victims. In the context of Islamic law, incest is considered a heinous act that violates sharia and may be subject to hudud or ta'zir punishment. Meanwhile, in public health, incest is viewed as an issue that poses long-term risks, such as genetic disorders, psychological trauma, and socio-economic consequences. This study aims to examine prevention strategies for incest through a holistic approach combining Islamic legal principles and public health perspectives. The method used is qualitative research with a normative literature review and descriptive-analytical approach. The findings indicate that incest prevention can be achieved through strengthening religious values within families, sharia-based sexual education, and improving mental health services and case reporting systems in the community. The implications of this study highlight the importance of synergy between religious institutions, healthcare professionals, and public policy in establishing effective and sustainable incest prevention systems.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom learning model in increasing students' learning interest in science subjects with material on the structure and function of living organisms in class 8D at SMPN 1 Sanrobone. The low interest in learning science among students is a major problem that needs to be addressed through more attractive and interactive learning innovations. The video animation-based flipped classroom model was chosen because it can optimize classroom learning time for more meaningful activities, while basic concept understanding is done independently through engaging animated videos. This study uses a survey method with a descriptive quantitative approach. The research subjects were  students of class 8D SMPN 1 Sanrobone in the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year. Research instruments used learning interest questionnaires, observations, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom model was able to increase students' learning interest with high categories in aspects of attention, interest, involvement, and learning satisfaction. Animated videos presented before face-to-face learning provide clear visualizations of the structure and function of living organisms, making students more prepared and enthusiastic to participate in discussions and practical activities in class. This learning model also encourages student learning independence and increases active interaction in learning. This study recommends the implementation of video animation-based flipped classroom as an alternative effective and innovative science learning strategy to increase students' learning interest.

Criminal offenses of theft are one of the most frequent forms of crime in society and have wide-ranging impacts, not only on the individual victim but also on legal order and social stability. This study aims to analyze the impact of theft offenses on legal order and social life, while also examining the role of criminal law in addressing such crimes. The research method used is qualitative with a descriptive approach through literature study, observation, and interviews with law enforcement officers and the public. The results of the study show that the prevalence of theft offenses can decrease public safety, weaken public trust in law enforcement agencies, and disturb social order and harmony. Furthermore, theft also leads to a decline in legal compliance and an increase in the potential for vigilante justice. Therefore, consistent, effective, and just law enforcement is required, along with increasing public legal awareness as efforts to maintain legal order and create a safe and orderly social life.

This study analyzes online fraud as one of the most common forms of cybercrime in Indonesia, which has expanded alongside rapid advances in information and communication technology. These crimes utilize digital platforms such as social media, online marketplaces, and fraudulent websites to deceive victims for unlawful financial gain. The research aims to examine online fraud from a criminological perspective by identifying its causes, patterns, and relevance to routine activity theory and differential association theory. A normative juridical method is employed, using statutory, conceptual, and case-based approaches, with qualitative and descriptive analysis. The findings show that online fraud reflects a shift from conventional fraud to digital-based crimes, driven by low public awareness of cybersecurity, easy access to technology, and weak online supervision. Several fraud schemes were identified, including online investment scams, phishing, and identity impersonation. This study highlights the need for an integrated approach that goes beyond law enforcement by emphasizing digital literacy, public education, and cross-sector collaboration to reduce cybercrime in Indonesia.

Local governments play a strategic role in public service delivery and are required to undertake rapid, systematic, and sustainable institutional and governance transformation. These demands arise in response to changes in the organizational environment, regulatory developments, and increasing public expectations regarding the quality, effectiveness, and accountability of public services. Improving the capacity of human resources, particularly those managing services and complaints, is a crucial factor in ensuring professional, adaptive, and technology-based services. However, issues with staff competency are still found in public service institutions that interact directly with the public, particularly at the sub-district level. In an effort to improve the quality of public administration services, the government established the Integrated Sub-district Administrative Services (PATEN) policy as stipulated in Minister of Home Affairs Regulation Number 4 of 2010. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PATEN policy in Sawangan District, Depok City, using a qualitative approach and descriptive methods. The results indicate that the implementation of PATEN has generally been effective, marked by the fulfillment of substantive, administrative, and technical aspects, and supported by clear regulations. However, public complaint services have not been optimal due to technical constraints in the website-based complaint system.

This study examines risk management and communication strategies implemented by Shell Indonesia in addressing the issue of layoffs (PHK) triggered by the policy of restricting fuel imports (BBM) in 2024–2025. The main objective of this research is to explain how the company manages risks related to layoffs and analyze the communication strategies used in responding to public perceptions regarding the policy. This study uses a literature review method with a descriptive qualitative approach, where the author utilizes secondary data obtained from academic articles, media reports, and official company documents. By focusing on risk management and communication during a crisis, this research is expected to provide insights into how large companies like Shell Indonesia face challenges arising from government policy changes and their impact on industrial relations and company reputation. The findings of this study can contribute to corporate communication practices in managing crises and efforts to maintain operational sustainability.

This research was conducted with the aim of analyzing and finding out about the empowerment of orphans at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung through Islamic philanthropy-based educational funding. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, using a case study method. The data collection process involved observation, interviews, and document review. Data analysis included data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing, as well as data validation through triangulation. This study revealed that educational funding rooted in Islamic philanthropy at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung includes budget revenues and expenditures with allocations prepared at the beginning of each year. The expenditure period can be tracked through the LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung online system. Distribution efforts include eliminating educational costs for orphans, providing basic necessities, distributing Mushabs for orphaned students who memorize the Qur'an, and supporting orphans. The evaluation of Islamic philanthropy-based education funding at LAZNAS PPPA Daarul Qur'an Lampung involved an analysis that showed that the role of the nadzir (manager) remains limited. All responsibilities and functions of the nadzir, particularly those of branch heads and fundraisers, are aimed at improving management. Furthermore, accountability is a factor taken into account when drafting the budget for the upcoming period.

This study presents a comprehensive evaluation of three main Islamic monetary instruments Sukuk, the Islamic Interbank Money Market (PUAS), and Sharia Repo to strengthen the resilience and stability of Indonesia’s Islamic financial system. Using a descriptive literature review method, this study analyzes relevant academic sources, regulatory frameworks, and policy reports. Sukuk is examined as an asset-based instrument that plays a crucial role in medium- to long-term financing and fiscal management. PUAS is analyzed as a mechanism for short-term liquidity management among Islamic banks based on mudharabah and wakalah contracts. Meanwhile, Sharia Repo is evaluated through the sale and repurchase mechanism of Sharia State Securities (SBSN) to support liquidity stability in Islamic banking. The findings reveal strong synergy among these instruments in managing excess liquidity, controlling inflation, and strengthening the transmission of Bank Indonesia’s monetary policy in compliance with Sharia principles. This study recommends enhancing public literacy, strengthening innovative regulatory frameworks, and developing Islamic financial infrastructure to promote inclusive and sustainable growth in Indonesia’s Islamic financial sector.

Media relations, as an important part of Public Relations, supports the success of a program efficiently and at low cost through publicity techniques. The role of mass media, especially television, is significant in delivering information, entertainment, and education. Public Relations at PT Surya Citra Media (SCM) plays an active role in designing strategies to support the success of a program. This study analyzes the strategies used by SCM to increase media engagement for the special event "Konser Raya 3 Dekade Indosiar Luar Biasa" using a descriptive qualitative method with in-depth interviews and observations. Interviews were conducted with two relevant sources. The first resource person is the Head of Public Relations at PT Surya Citra Media (SCM) and the second resource person is the Public Relations Officer of PT Surya Citra Media (SCM) where both sources are equally responsible for the supervision and implementation of all public relations activities at PT Surya Citra Media (SCM). The results show that SCM has successfully implemented effective media relations strategies to improve media engagement.

Histology practicum, as one of the compulsory practicum courses, offers a great opportunity to practice various aspects of science process skills through microscopic tissue observation activities, identification of cell and tissue structures, and analysis of tissue functions in organisms. This study aims to analyze the science process skills biology education students through histology practicum activities. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach with a survey method to analyze the science process skills of biology education students through histology practicum activities. Data collection in this study used three main techniques, namely science process skills tests, direct observation, and analysis of practicum report documents. Furthermore, the data were analyzed descriptively quantitatively using descriptive statistics to describe the profile of students' science process skills. Analysis per aspect revealed that students had good skills in the aspects of observing (78.50%), classifying (76.33%), interpreting data (71.67%), applying concepts (73.25%), and communicating results (73.40%), which indicates that histology practicum is effective in developing basic science process skills. However, the aspects of formulating hypotheses (58.17%) and planning experiments (54.83%) were still in the sufficient category, indicating that students experienced difficulties in integrated science process skills that require higher-order thinking skills. The findings this study provide important implications for the development of more comprehensive histology practicum learning strategies, including the integration of inquiry approaches, the use of continuous formative assessment, the application of differentiated learning, and strengthening the connection between theory and practice to optimize the development of all aspects of science process skills of prospective biology teachers.  

The rapid growth of social media has created new opportunities for Generation Z entrepreneurs to build business identity and brand image through digital content. One of the most popular platforms among this generation is TikTok, a short-form video platform characterized by high interactivity and strong viral potential. TikTok is not only used as an entertainment medium but also as a strategic tool for developing business personal branding. However, the utilization of TikTok by Generation Z entrepreneurs has not yet been optimal, particularly in implementing structured and consistent content marketing strategies. This study aims to analyze the use of TikTok and content marketing strategies in building personal branding among Generation Z entrepreneurs. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method with a literature review approach, examining various academic sources, research articles, and relevant reports related to digital marketing and social media. The findings indicate that effective personal branding on TikTok is strongly influenced by the ability to create creative, authentic, informative, and audience-relevant content. In addition, consistency in content uploads and the effective use of TikTok features contribute to increased audience engagement, consumer trust, and business reach. This study is expected to provide insights and practical references for Generation Z entrepreneurs in designing effective and sustainable digital branding strategies in the creative economy era.

Regional development faces dynamic challenges amid rapid economic growth driven by natural resource extraction. This study aims to identify leading economic sectors, analyze structural economic transformation, and evaluate the role of these sectors in regional development. The research employs a quantitative method with a descriptive approach. Secondary data consist of Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP) at constant prices over the past five years. The analytical techniques applied include Location Quotient analysis to identify base sectors, Shift-Share analysis to assess structural changes as well as comparative and competitive advantages, and Klassen Typology to classify sectoral growth patterns. The results reveal a structural shift from primary sectors, such as agriculture and fisheries, toward secondary sectors, including mining and manufacturing. Despite challenges related to development equity, these leading sectors serve as key drivers of regional economic growth. To maximize the contribution of leading sectors to broader regional development, this study recommends that government policies prioritize the strengthening of intersectoral linkages.

In the context of Indonesia's post-pandemic financial market dynamics, investment and financing decisions often face challenges of cash flow uncertainty and capital cost volatility, requiring a Profitability Index (PI) and Weighted Average Cost of Capital (WACC) perspective to ensure optimal resource allocation to maximize company value. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of investment and financing decisions through the integration of PI and WACC based on a synthesis of the latest literature. A descriptive qualitative approach was used through a literature study with secondary data from financial journals and textbooks from 2021-2025, collected from Google Scholar and university repositories, then analyzed thematically with data reduction, presentation, and literature triangulation to interpret the PI, IRR, and WACC indicators. The results show that PI is consistently >1 (ratio of 1.15-1.45) and IRR > WACC (average of 10-12%), confirming the feasibility of 70% of manufacturing projects, while WACC of 9.8% from the optimal capital structure (debt ratio of 40-50%) supports an effective tax shield, despite being constrained by multiple IRRs, conflicting metric rankings, and BI interest rate fluctuations that increase implicit costs by up to 15%. It can be concluded that PI-WACC integration increases theoretical profitability by 12% through precise allocation, but is limited by the generalization of secondary data; a hybrid model with mixed-method validation is recommended for the non-manufacturing sector in emerging markets.

Flooding is one of the most recurrent natural disasters in Central Java Province, particularly during the rainy season. Diverse geographical characteristics, high rainfall intensity, and rapid urban development contribute to the region’s high vulnerability to flood hazards. According to the Central Java Statistics Agency, a total of 414 flood events and 407,784 affected victims were recorded between 2019 and 2021. This study aims to develop a web-based Geographic Information System (GIS) capable of mapping the spatial distribution and impact levels of floods across Central Java. The methodology includes collecting flood event data from the Central Java Statistics Agency, processing spatial data such as administrative boundary shapefiles, performing attribute integration between spatial and non-spatial datasets, and creating thematic maps using QGIS. The visualization outputs were exported into an interactive web format using the qgis2web plugin and subsequently integrated into a website developed with HTML, CSS, and JavaScript. The results show that the GIS system successfully visualizes flood-prone areas, identifies regions with high flood intensity, and enables users to explore detailed information through interactive digital maps. Additional website features—such as historical flood data, statistical summaries, and descriptive impact indicators—enhance the system's usefulness for disaster analysis. This study demonstrates the crucial role of GIS in supporting disaster mitigation, spatial planning, and policy evaluation related to flood management. Future research is recommended to incorporate more recent datasets and additional non-spatial variables such as rainfall intensity and floodwater depth to improve the system’s analytical accuracy and comprehensiveness.

Textbooks are the heart of the learning process, therefore an in-depth analysis of the suitability, relevance, and pedagogical potential of textbooks is crucial to ensure that learning outcomes can be achieved optimally. This study aims to analyze and describe based on aspects of content, presentation, language, graphics in the Indonesian language textbook for grade II elementary school revised independent curriculum published by Erlangga by Dr.A. Indradi, M.Pd & Rahmah Purwahida, S.Pd., M.Hum. The method used is qualitative descriptive analysis by referring to textbook feasibility guidelines. The results of the analysis show that this textbook is generally suitable for use. The suitability of the material with learning outcomes includes the development of four language skills, namely listening, speaking, reading, and writing, which are presented in an integrated and contextual manner. The presentation of the material is considered effective through the use of simple language, logical flow, and varied assignments. Overall, this textbook is a relevant and supportive learning resource in implementing the independent curriculum at the grade II elementary school level.

Vocational education in Vocational High Schools (SMK) requires innovative, interactive, and industry-relevant learning media to support students’ independent and competency-based learning. However, learning activities in the subject Communication in the Workplace for Grade XI MPLB at SMKN 62 Jakarta are still dominated by lecture-based methods with limited instructional media, resulting in low levels of student independence and understanding. This study aimed to develop and examine the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of an interactive e-book based on Canva for Oral Communication materials in Indonesian Language. The study employed a Research and Development (R&D) method using the ADDIE development model, consisting of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation stages. The research subjects included 36 students in the needs analysis stage, 5 students in the small-scale trial, and 31 students in the large-scale trial. Data were collected through observation, questionnaires, learning outcome tests, and documentation, and analyzed using descriptive qualitative and quantitative techniques. The validation results indicated that the Canva-based interactive e-book was categorized as very feasible, with validation percentages of 100% from the material expert, 88.24% from the media expert, and 95% from the language expert. The small-scale trial showed a practicality percentage of 82.2%, while the large-scale trial reached 88.39%, both classified as very practical. In addition, the pre-test and post-test results in the large-scale trial demonstrated an increase in students’ average scores and a higher number of students achieving the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM). Therefore, the Canva-based interactive e-book is feasible, practical, and effective as a learning medium to enhance students’ understanding, motivation, and independent learning in Oral Communication for vocational high school students.