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"Improvement of Short Story Writing Ability Through the Personal Experience of Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar". Thesis of Indonesian Language and Literature Education Department, Faculty of Teacher Training and Education, Makassar Muhammadiyah University.This type of research is a Class Action Research (Class Action Research) which aims to describe the improvement of short story writing skills through the personal experience of students of class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar and describes the process of improving the ability to write short stories through the personal experience of the MA class Class VIII Unismuh Junior High School Makassar. The instruments used in data collection were tests, observation guidelines, interview guidelines, and the data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The data in this study are in the form of tesp there are 24 students and the results of observations in the learning process.The results showed that quantitatively there was an increase in the learning outcomes of short story writing through the personal experience of 24 students, namely on the pretest results, an average score of 56.63%. In the first cycle the average score of student learning outcomes was 68.13%, while the second cycle of student learning outcomes writing short stories through personal experience was 81.74%. In the first cycle, students who finished 9 students or 46.48% and categories of incomplete were 15 students or 53.52%. While in the second cycle category there were 21 students or 89.96% and the incomplete category were 3 people or 10.04% meaning that there was an increase of 13.61%.Based on the results of the research above, it can be concluded that the results of learning to write short stories through the personal experience of students of class XI MA Darul Istiqamah Maccopa Maros Regency can be improved through students' personal experiences.

This study aims to enhance students' learning outcomes in Natural Science (IPA) through the demonstration method in fourth-grade students at SD Inpres Teas, Noebeba District, Timor Tengah Selatan Regency. The research was motivated by low science learning outcomes, with 60% of students failing to meet the Minimum Competency Criteria (KKM) of 70. Conventional teaching methods contributed to students' passivity and lack of engagement. This Classroom Action Research (CAR) follows the Kemmis and McTaggart model, consisting of two cycles with four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The study involved 10 fourth-grade students, with data collected through learning outcome tests, observations, and teacher interviews. Descriptive quantitative analysis compared student performance before and after intervention. Results indicated that the demonstration method effectively improved science learning outcomes. Initially, students scored an average of 73.5, with a mastery rate of 40%. After applying the demonstration method in cycle I, the average increased to 84.1, with 70% mastery. In cycle II, refining teaching strategies led to an average score of 90.1, with 90% mastery. The method also enhanced student engagement, teamwork, and conceptual understanding. These findings suggest that the demonstration method is an effective strategy for improving science learning outcomes. Teachers are encouraged to incorporate demonstrations regularly, and schools should provide necessary resources to optimize learning experiences.

Literacy is very important for students because literacy skills will affect the success of their learning and their lives. Good literacy skills will help students understand oral, written and visual texts. oral, written, and pictorial/visual texts, therefore, the development of literacy in literacy in learning is always carried out in an integrated manner between listening, speaking, reading and writing activities. This is because the four skills have a very close relationship, although each has certain characteristics. One way that can be do to improve teacher competence in building a Literacy Culture in Madrasahs is through Technical Guidance with the Method of Direct Guidance. Bimtek is an activity that is intended to provide assistance which is generally in the form of advice and guidance and guidance to solve problems / problems that are technical in nature. From the results of research conducted on teachers at MTsN 1 Siak, namely as follows: Organizing Technical Guidance with the Direct Guidance Method can improve teacher competence in building a culture of Literacy in Madrasahs at MTsN 1 Siak in the 2023/2024 academic year. This This is indicated by the score of the observation of the teacher which continues to increase from cycle 1 to cycle 3. In cycle 1 the score obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 1 to cycle 3. obtained was 78, then increased in cycle 2 to 120, and the achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 1 to cycle 3. achievement of the maximum score of 144 occurred in cycle 3.

This study aims to examine the effectiveness of the problem-based learning model (PBL) in improving the understanding of fiqh material and its implementation in class XI students of MA Plus Anas Bin Malik Lekong Rembuk. The PBL model was chosen because it is considered capable of encouraging active student involvement and developing critical thinking skills through solving real problems that are relevant to everyday life. This study uses a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach which is implemented in two cycles, each consisting of the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. Data collection techniques include tests, observations, and interviews. The results of the study showed a significant increase in the understanding of fiqh concepts and active participation of students during the learning process. Students became more enthusiastic, able to express opinions, and demonstrate the ability to apply fiqh values in everyday life. Thus, the PBL model has proven effective in improving the quality of fiqh learning in madrasas and can be used as an alternative innovative learning strategy to improve learning outcomes and student character simultaneously.

Managerial mentoring in a collaborative manner is an effective strategy to improve the ability of Madrasah heads in preparing Madrasah Work Plans (RKM). This assistance is carried out through an approach based on cooperation, sharing, and discussion without being patronizing. Through this approach, Madrasah heads feel helped in carrying out their tasks, especially in preparing the RKM which is a reference for Madrasah management. The drafted RKM aims to: (1) achieve predetermined goals, (2) support coordination among stakeholders in Madrasah, (3) ensure consistency between planning, budgeting, implementation, and supervision, (4) optimize community participation, and (5) use resources efficiently, effectively, and sustainably. The results showed that the ability of Madrasah heads in preparing RKM had increased significantly after the assistance. In Cycle I, the average score of the RKM prepared was 74.70, increasing to 81.37 in Cycle II, with an increase of 8.93%. This finding shows that collaborative managerial assistance is effective in improving the competence of Madrasah heads in preparing quality RKM.

This study aims to describe the implementation of the Deming Model performance management (PDCA cycle) at the Tanjungpinang City Satpol PP office. The type of research used is descriptive research with a qualitative approach, with data obtained through in-depth interviews with Mr. Ray as secretary, and staff involved in daily operations, as well as direct observation. Data analysis uses thematic analysis techniques that include three main steps: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of the PDCA cycle at the Tanjungpinang City Satpol PP office has had a positive impact on improving organizational performance. Through structured stages from planning (Plan), implementation (Do), checking (Check), to corrective action (Act), the Satpol PP Office is able to plan and implement policing programs more effectively and efficiently. However, there are obstacles such as lack of training, budget limitations, and suboptimal coordination between sections. Performance evaluation needs to be improved in terms of more integrated measurement and monitoring. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of coordination and systematic evaluation for continuous improvement.

Performance management is a strategy to improve individual and team performance through a structured evaluation process. This study aims to analyze the application of the Baron and Armstrong performance management model at the Regional Technical Implementation Unit (UPTD) for the Protection of Women and Children (PPA) in Tanjungpinang, Riau Islands. Baron and Armstrong's model includes a cycle of vision and mission, goal setting, planning, development, and feedback. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through interviews, documentation and observation, using purposive sampling techniques to select relevant resource persons. Data analysis was done thematically through the stages of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results showed that the implementation of this model has strengths in building a systematic workflow, but also faces challenges related to limited resources. This research provides recommendations for additional programs that can improve the effectiveness of women and child protection services. The findings contribute to the development of performance management strategies in similar institutions.

Digitalization has become a transformative force reshaping how organizations innovate and sustain competitive advantages in an interconnected global economy. This study explores the intricate relationship between business digitalization, innovation capabilities, and sustainability outcomes. Employing a comprehensive literature review, it examines how digital transformation fosters innovative practices and supports sustainable business models. Key findings reveal that integrating digital technologies, such as artificial intelligence, IoT, and blockchain, significantly enhances innovation capacity by accelerating product development cycles, improving decision-making precision, and fostering collaborative innovation ecosystems. Moreover, digitalization optimizes resource utilization, minimizes environmental impact, and strengthens stakeholder engagement, contributing to measurable economic, environmental, and social sustainability outcomes. The synergy between digital transformation and sustainability initiatives provides organizations with strategic advantages, including improved operational efficiency, customer loyalty, and competitive positioning. However, challenges such as implementation barriers, balancing digital-sustainable priorities, and managing unintended environmental impacts persist. Future research should focus on empirical validation, industry-specific applications, and longitudinal studies to further elucidate the pathways through which digitalization supports sustainable innovation and long-term business resilience. This study underscores the imperative for organizations to strategically align digital transformation with sustainability objectives, ensuring their future success in a rapidly evolving business environment.

This study aims to examine the role of housewives in waste reduction through the implementation of 3R (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle) principles, serving as a means to influence waste management behaviors and foster the adoption of a community-driven circular economy. This approach is designed to involve the broader business environment and city government. The research employs a descriptive qualitative method, focusing on the collection of data and information without reliance on quantitative calculations.The findings highlight that the participation of housewives plays a significant role in engaging individuals and groups in waste management activities. The study underscores the importance of community involvement in providing suggestions, expressing opinions, and actively participating in waste management initiatives. The research emphasizes that housewives play a critical role in waste collection, aligning with the principles of 3R. This role contributes to fostering clean and healthy living behaviors within communities, reinforcing the essential contribution of housewives in achieving sustainable waste management practices.

PT XYZ) is a company which focuses on integrated aquaculture. Operating since 1987, PT XYZ has a fish and shrimp feed factory, fish and shrimp breeding and rearing as well as marine fish food processing and cold storage for local and global markets. At PT XYZ, especially the Quality Control division, there are still ineffective analysis activities, namely piece length analysis. An effort to increase productivity is by designing an automatic cut length analysis machine with the aim of maximizing efficiency and effectiveness. Therefore, the objective function of this research was carried out to design and increase productivity and reduce inefficient activities. From this, it is necessary to design and optimize activities to have a positive impact on the company. This research uses Blender software and the Multimedia Development Life Cycle (MDLC) method which includes concept, design, material collecting, assembly, testing and distribution. The results of this research show that this machine design is very effective and practical for the company and allows the company to improve maximum performance

This study aims to analyze the maintenance strategy of railway lines in West Sumatra using the Life Cycle Cost (LCC) approach to determine the most economically efficient and sustainable maintenance option. The main issues raised are the high cost of reactive maintenance and the risk of operational disruption due to track damage. The research method involved collecting construction, operational, and maintenance cost data from railway operators, as well as LCC-based scenario simulations to compare preventive and reactive maintenance strategies. The results of the analysis show that the preventive maintenance strategy results in lower total life cycle costs, compared to the reactive strategy. In addition, the preventive strategy also supports operational sustainability by minimizing the risk of service disruption and improving user safety. SWOT analysis shows that LCC implementation has great potential to improve budget efficiency and support local economic growth, although challenges such as data limitations and natural disaster risks need to be mitigated. This research concludes that an LCC-based approach can be the basis for designing more effective, efficient and sustainable railway maintenance policies. Recommendations include prioritizing preventive maintenance, using monitoring technology, and strengthening supporting policies.

Pengendalian biaya dalam proyek konstruksi sangat penting untuk memastikan keberlangsungan proyek. Dalam proyek konstruksi, memilih bahan dan metode yang sesuai dapat membantu dalam efisiensi biaya selama pelaksanaannya. Pemilihan material dan metode alternatif tidak otomatis mengurangi fungsi atau kualitas proyek. Oleh karena itu, analisis biaya proyek diperlukan untuk mengawasi aspek – aspek tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan biaya dalam suatu proyek konstruksi adalah dengan menerapkan value engineering. value engineering merupakan upaya yang sistematis dan terorganisir untuk mencapai fungsi yang diinginkan dengan biaya paling ekonomis tanpa mengorbankan kualitas atau kinerja. Dengan menerapkan value engineering pada 3 item pekerjaan arsitektur pada proyek pembangunan SDN 2 Panjer dengan mengubah desain eksisting dengan alternatif desain  baru, mendapat penghematan biaya pada pekerjaan penutup atap sebesar Rp 21.862.305,86 atau 11,16% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, pekerjaan plafon sebesar Rp 1.228.792,01 atau 1,42% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, pekerjaan lantai dan dinding keramik sebesar Rp 9.835.732,08  atau 7,65% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, penghematan tersebut berdasarkan pada analisis Life Cycle Cost. Pengendalian biaya dalam proyek konstruksi sangat penting untuk memastikan keberlangsungan proyek. Dalam proyek konstruksi, memilih bahan dan metode yang sesuai dapat membantu dalam efisiensi biaya selama pelaksanaannya. Pemilihan material dan metode alternatif tidak otomatis mengurangi fungsi atau kualitas proyek. Oleh karena itu, analisis biaya proyek diperlukan untuk mengawasi aspek – aspek tersebut. Metode yang digunakan untuk mengoptimalkan biaya dalam suatu proyek konstruksi adalah dengan menerapkan value engineering. value engineering merupakan upaya yang sistematis dan terorganisir untuk mencapai fungsi yang diinginkan dengan biaya paling ekonomis tanpa mengorbankan kualitas atau kinerja. Dengan menerapkan value engineering pada 3 item pekerjaan arsitektur pada proyek pembangunan SDN 2 Panjer dengan mengubah desain eksisting dengan alternatif desain  baru, mendapat penghematan biaya pada pekerjaan penutup atap sebesar Rp 21.862.305,86 atau 11,16% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, pekerjaan plafon sebesar Rp 1.228.792,01 atau 1,42% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, pekerjaan lantai dan dinding keramik sebesar Rp 9.835.732,08  atau 7,65% dari biaya pekerjaan desain eksisting, penghematan tersebut berdasarkan pada analisis Life Cycle Cost.

This final report aims to design a website-based electronic archiving system using PHP and MyAdmin. The data collection method used by the author in this research is the field research method through interviews, observation, library research, and descriptive qualitative data analysis techniques using the waterfall method, namely the Development Life Cycle (SDLC) system, which is used to develop information systems in the website creation process. This method uses a systematic and gradual approach. This electronic filing system can help companies overcome various obstacles when recording and rediscovering documents. Automating processes in the system in systematic recording and storage can save time and help provide information quickly so that the administrative process is smooth. Reduces the use of paper (less paper) because documents are stored in digital format, so documents will not pile up and can reduce the use of archive storage space. In electronic archiving, there is no longer a need to manually record the agenda for incoming and outgoing letters, because when recording transactions, incoming or outgoing letters will be automatically recorded on the agenda for incoming or outgoing letters. For the system to continue running optimally, it is recommended that companies carry out employee training, routine system maintenance, continuous development, implementation of information security policies, and regular system performance monitoring.  Implementing these recommendations is expected to increase operational efficiency and accessibility of company information

This research aims to improve student learning outcomes through the application of the Discovery Learning learning model in moral beliefs in class X MA Al Yusriyah Pangkalan Susu. The research method used was Classroom Action Research (PTK) with 25 students. Data collection was carried out through test and non-test techniques. Preliminary findings show that the learning methods used previously, namely lectures and assignments, cause students to feel bored and less interested, so that the learning outcomes do not reach the Minimum Completeness Criteria (KKM). Through the application of the discovery learning method, the results of the study show an increase in student learning outcomes. In the first cycle, the average student score reached 73 with a success rate of 72%, which did not meet the criteria for research success. In the second cycle, there was a significant increase with an average score of 81 and a success rate of 92%, which was categorized as successful. These results show that the discovery learning learning model is effective in increasing students' interest and learning outcomes.

The library management information system for SMP Negeri 2 Solear has been successfully implemented. Purpose of creating this information system is to make it easier for members to see the list of available books and borrow books easily, namely online, and to help admin staff in managing book, member and book borrowing data. This information system has two views, namely the user page and the admin page. On the user page, users can register as library members, see available books, and can borrow the books they want. On the admin page, the admin can add, subtract and manage book data, view members' borrowing history, and can see the number of books available. This application was created using PHP and MySQL programming languages, the writing method used was System Development Life Cycle (SDLC), system design used Unified Modeling Language (UML), and system display design used Dia Diagram. It is hoped that with this information system users and admins can access the system anywhere and anytime via the internet. And users don't need to come to the library just to see the availability of the books they want to borrow. Apart from that, admin work can be lighter without taking notes manually.

This research aims to describe and compare the morphological characteristics of spores in Thallophyta (lichens) and Bryophyta (mosses). The research was conducted at the Biology Laboratory of UIN Sunan Gunung Djati Bandung for one week. This study employed a descriptive method with macroscopic and microscopic observations. Samples of lichens and mosses were analyzed using a light microscope. The results showed that Thallophyta spores have asymmetrical morphology, are pale green, have a count of 15 spores, and are adaptive to extreme conditions. In contrast, Bryophyta spores are round and flat, with a reddish-brown capsule, and a larger number of spores, namely 67. These differences reflect the unique adaptation strategies of the two groups to their respective environments. Lichens, which are a symbiosis between fungi and algae, serve as indicators of environmental quality and grow on various substrates, including polluted areas. Meanwhile, mosses play an important role in maintaining soil moisture, preventing erosion, and supporting water and carbon cycles.

Education has a very important role in forming a generation that is intelligent, creative and has the ability to think critically. This research aims to improve the learning understanding of class 10 students at SMA Negeri 1 Galang on GIS material through a Project Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research can provide new insights into the use of the Project Based Learning approach as an effective learning method in teaching complex material. This research uses the Kemmis and Mc model. Taggart as a PTK procedure, which consists of two cycles. Each cycle consists of implementation, action, observation and reflection. From this research, it was found that the Project-Based Learning (PBL) learning model can improve the understanding of class 10 students at SMAN 1 Galang in Geographic Information Systems (GIS) material in geography subjects. This increase in understanding can be seen from the increase in the average value in the cycle -1 and cycle-2 application of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model. The average value of students in cycle-1 was 81.94 and in cycle-2 there was an increase in the average value of students by 91.94. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model is considered successful in increasing students' understanding because they have achieved the predetermined success indicators.

Rice holds a significant place as a staple food in Indonesia, with its life cycle spanning between 3 to 6 months, depending on the specific variety. An essential part of preserving the quality of rice grains is the drying process. This research aims to investigate how drying affects the quality of rice during this crucial stage. The findings of this study are not only intended to build upon previous research but also to serve as valuable guidance for farmers in making informed decisions about the drying process, ultimately ensuring optimal quality in their harvested grains. This study employed an experimental approach using a completely randomized design, wherein treatments were assigned randomly across all experimental units. The results indicated that the duration of drying significantly impacts the quality of rice grains. It was found that optimal drying occurs over a period of 3 to 4 days under sunlight on a tarpaulin base, which can be effectively used as a benchmark for assessing the quality characteristics of milled upland rice.

Formal words are words which follow the language rules that have been determined in formal situations both in oral and written. The purpose of this study is to improve the ability of primary school students in distinguishing formal words. The method used is SDLC (System Development Life Cycle) in waterfall model. The result of this study is the design of a scratch-based game design of KaKu  to improve students’ ability to distinguish formal words at primary school has code blocks on 1) Teacher’s sprite, 2) Easy quiz, 3) Medium quiz, 4) Hard quiz, 5) Tick sprite, 6) Cross sprite, 7) Easy sprite, 8) Medium sprite, and 9) Hard sprite. The conclusion of this study is that there are 9 scratch-based game designs of KaKu (formal words) to improve students’ ability to distinguish formal words at primary school.

This study aims to analyze effective marketing strategies in increasing motorcycle sales amidst increasingly tight automotive industry competition. In this analysis, the main focus is given to identifying factors that influence consumer purchasing decisions, including price, product quality, promotion, and distribution. Data were collected through interviews with marketing managers at several leading motorcycle dealers and surveys of consumers who had just purchased a motorcycle. The results of the study indicate that a combination of marketing strategies that include attractive promotions, understanding local market needs, and improving the overall consumer experience play a significant role in increasing motorcycle sales volume. This study concludes that implementing the right marketing strategies, such as the use of social media, seasonal discounts, and improving after-sales service, can have a positive impact on motorcycle sales growth. It is recommended for companies to continue to innovate and adjust marketing strategies to evolving consumer trends and preferences.