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The mining sector is widely recognized as a high-risk industry characterized by complex social, environmental, and organizational challenges. In response, sustainability governance in mining has predominantly relied on institutional mechanisms such as regulations, voluntary standards, and sustainability reporting frameworks. However, growing evidence indicates that these approaches often fail to generate substantive sustainability outcomes because they insufficiently address human and organizational dimensions. This literature review aims to synthesize existing research on sustainability governance in the mining sector by shifting the analytical focus from institutional sustainability to human behavioral engagement. Using a systematic and thematic literature review approach, this study analyzes peer-reviewed articles indexed in Scopus that examine sustainability governance, human behavior, and organizational dynamics in the mining sector. The findings reveal a persistent gap between formal sustainability commitments and actual practices, frequently manifested in symbolic compliance and greenwashing. The review further demonstrates that human behavior—shaped by employee engagement, trust, perceived justice, and organizational culture—plays a decisive role in determining the effectiveness of sustainability governance. Moreover, the literature highlights the limitations of rigid, top-down governance models in managing the complexity and uncertainty inherent in mining systems, emphasizing the relevance of adaptive governance approaches that promote learning, flexibility, and stakeholder participation. This study contributes to the literature by integrating institutional, behavioral, and adaptive governance perspectives into a human-centered framework. Practically, it underscores the strategic role of human resource management in translating sustainability commitments into meaningful behavioral change and long-term sustainability outcomes in the mining sector.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) plays a crucial role in shaping students' personality and morals, not only by imparting religious knowledge but also by internalizing moral values for everyday life. The rapid development of technology, globalization, and social change presents challenges to moral development, requiring PAI learning to effectively integrate moral values in classroom dynamics. This study aims to examine the integration of moral values in PAI learning and its implications for strengthening character education. Using a qualitative approach with library research, data were gathered from books, journal articles, and previous studies on PAI and moral education. Data collection was through documentation, and content analysis was used to synthesize concepts, theories, and findings. The study finds that moral values in PAI learning are integrated through two approaches: explicit and implicit. Explicit integration involves teaching materials containing moral values, while implicit integration occurs through teacher role models, humanistic interactions, classroom management, and participatory and contextual learning methods. The integration of moral values enhances the meaning of PAI learning and contributes to students' attitudes and behavior. This study highlights that well-designed, value-oriented PAI learning plays a vital role in strengthening character education and continuously fostering students' morals.

The development of Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has significantly changed strategy and decision making in marketing management. However, the massive use of AI raises new challenges regarding ethics, transparency and governance. This research aims to analyze the impact of using AI, especially recommender systems and large language models (LLMs), on the effectiveness of marketing decisions, as well as the role of AI governance in controlling emerging ethical issues. The research method uses a quantitative approach with Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) analysis of data collected from 250 marketing professionals in Indonesia. The research results show that the use of AI has a significant positive effect on the effectiveness of marketing decisions (β=0.62, p<0.001), but also raises ethical issues (β=0.48, p<0.01). Ethical issues were proven to reduce the effectiveness of marketing decisions (β=-0.31, p<0.05), while good AI governance was able to moderate the negative impact of ethical issues (β=0.27, p<0.05). These findings underscore the importance of AI governance in building effective and ethical marketing systems.

Leadership is a strategic factor in improving the quality of Islamic educational institutions. The challenges of social change and globalization demand leadership models that are not only managerially effective but also grounded in Islamic values. This study aims to analyze models of Islamic educational leadership and their implications for institutional quality. The research method employed is a literature review, examining books and national and international journal articles indexed in Scopus and SINTA over the last five years. The findings indicate that transformational, visionary, democratic, and prophetic leadership play a significant role in enhancing educator performance, building an Islamic organizational culture, and strengthening the governance of Islamic educational institutions. The integration of Islamic values with modern leadership principles emerges as a strategic approach to developing the quality of Islamic education.

The rapidly changing and increasingly uncertain business environment presents significant challenges for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs), requiring them to adapt quickly and strategically to survive and remain competitive. This conceptual article examines the role of business models as an effective adaptation strategy for MSMEs in responding to dynamic market conditions, technological change, and shifting consumer preferences. Through a comprehensive review of various business model frameworks and dynamic capability theories, this study emphasizes that business models play a crucial role in shaping organizational flexibility and strategic responsiveness. The findings highlight that adaptable value propositions enable MSMEs to continuously align their offerings with evolving customer needs, while agile resource management allows firms to efficiently reconfigure internal and external resources. Furthermore, continuous business model innovation and renewal are identified as essential mechanisms for sustaining long-term resilience and competitiveness. The article argues that a business model should not be viewed merely as an operational or administrative tool, but rather as a core strategic mechanism that integrates strategic vision, organizational capabilities, and market orientation. By actively leveraging flexible and innovative business models, MSMEs can enhance their adaptive capacity, mitigate environmental uncertainty, and achieve sustainable competitive advantage in rapidly changing business environments.

Improving the quality of education is a strategic issue that is the main focus in the development of educational institutions in Indonesia. In the era of globalisation and digital transformation, educational institutions are faced with the demand to produce graduates who are not only academically excellent, but also adaptive to changes and community needs. One approach that has been widely studied to address these challenges is the application of educational quality management. This study aims to systematically review various studies that discuss the concept, implementation, and results of the application of educational quality management, with the main question being how the application of quality management contributes to improving the quality of educational institutions. This study uses a literature review method by searching for scientific articles from 2019 to 2025 accessed through Google Scholar and the Publish or Perish (PoP) application. The search was conducted using the keywords ‘educational quality management’, ‘quality implementation’, and ‘improvement of educational institution quality’. From the search results of 15 articles, five main articles were obtained and analysed in depth based on their relevance to the topic and contribution to the research focus. The results of the study revealed three main themes: first, quality management is implemented as a continuous improvement strategy that emphasises planning, implementation, evaluation, and follow-up on quality; second, transformational and collaborative leadership are determining factors in the successful implementation of quality management; third, the implementation of quality management has been proven to improve student academic achievement and the effectiveness of educational institutions. This study concludes that educational quality management plays a significant role in building a culture of quality, accountability, and professionalism among educators. Further research is recommended to explore models of digital and participatory quality management implementation in the context of 21st-century education.

Leadership in educational organizations, especially in the Darul Hikmah Modern Islamic Boarding School in Medan, faces the challenges of modernity that demand integration between traditional spiritual values ​​and management professionalism. This study aims to analyze the existing leadership structure and design a new structure that integrates the Transformational, Distributive, and Instructional models that are aligned with the local wisdom of North Sumatra, namely the Dalihan Na Tolu philosophy. The method used is qualitative case analysis with observation and interviews. The results of the analysis show that the current leadership is dominated by charismatic and centralistic styles (strong Transformational), but weak in the Distributive dimension (low teacher participation) and Adaptive Technology Instructional. The proposed new leadership structure design emphasizes the formation of a Quality Supervisory Board (DPM) and the Head of Human Resources & Regeneration. This new model places the Kyai/Head of the Islamic Boarding School as the spiritual authority (Hula-hula), Mudir/Executive Director as the managerial change agent (Dongan Tubu), and strengthens the academic/innovation function (Boru). The conclusion suggests that leadership transformation in this Islamic boarding school requires a shift from a figure-based system to a competency-based and collaborative system, making it an adaptive, professional institution firmly rooted in local values.

Currently, MSMEs (Micro,Small,and Medium enterprises) face significant challenges, including minimal digital literacy,limited access to technology,and the need for appropriate branding strategy formulation to compete in the broadband era. This research is a community service program aimed at strengthening the skills and capacity of MSME actors in Dolok Kahean Village so that they can market their products online and build their brand through digital platforms. The method used is a qualitative-applicative approach focusing on intensive training, education, and assistance (hands-on). The material covered the mastery of basic digital marketing concepts, online brand management, and practical technical assistance in creating and managing social media accounts and e-commerse. The results indicate that the program successfully and effectively overcame digital literacy constraints and instilled awareness about the crucial need for fundamental changes in business mindset and models. Partners have mastered basic digital marketing concepts and were successfully assisted in creating an Instagram account, which tangibly strengthened their practical skills for expanding sales reach. Futhermore, the objective of strengthening branding was achieved, as partners recognize that branding is a vital investment and fundamental strategy for creating a solid foundation for long-term business sustainability. Overall, the implementation of digital marketing strategies proves to be a comprehensive solution that significantly aids the development of MSMEs in responding to the shift in consumer behavior toward online shopping.

Quality culture in educational institutions has become a strategic issue to improve learning service quality and school accountability. However, its implementation still faces challenges such as limited human resources, resistance to change, and weak sustainable quality management strategies. This study aims to answer the question: how are the implementation strategies and supporting factors in strengthening quality culture within educational institutions based on previous research findings? This study employs a Literature Review (LR) method by collecting scientific articles from Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “budaya mutu” (quality culture) with a publication range from 2020 to 2025. From a total of 30 identified articles, a screening and eligibility process was conducted, resulting in 5 main articles analyzed thematically. The synthesis reveals three key themes: (1) the role of leadership and Total Quality Management (TQM) in reinforcing quality culture, (2) the application of the PPEPP/MBBS cycle for sustainable educational quality, and (3) supporting factors and challenges in developing a culture of quality. In conclusion, strengthening quality culture requires effective leadership, systematic management strategies, and cross-sector collaboration; future research is encouraged to develop field-based intervention models to test the effectiveness of quality culture strategies.

Contemporary church organizations in Indonesia face a phenomenon of volatility characterized by fluctuations in congregation membership, persistent internal conflicts, external pressures from changing times, and a crisis of trust in its leaders. There is a significant gap between the theological idealism of servant leadership as taught in Mark 10:42-45 and the reality of leadership practices in the field, which often tend to be authoritarian, conflict-driven, and underserved. This study aims to analyze the application of the principle of servant leadership based on Mark 10:42-45 as a solution to face the challenge of the volatility of contemporary church organizations in Indonesia. The goal is to identify volatility challenges, analyze leadership practice gaps, and formulate effective servant leadership implementation models to restore trust and achieve sustainable congregation growth. This study uses a qualitative research method with a library research approach. Data from various literature sources were analyzed in depth to synthesize the theological concept of servant leadership with organizational management theory and the practical context of the church in Indonesia. The results of the study show that servant leadership is an effective solution to the volatility of the church. It was found that the main challenges in its implementation were hierarchical organizational culture and resistance to change. As a solution, this study formulates a model of servant leadership integration built on four pillars: strong spiritual foundations, adaptive leadership, collaborative governance, and continuous learning. The implementation of this model is through practical strategies such as transparency, empowerment of the congregation.

Sustainability and future governance play a crucial role in shaping urban planning and settlement development in Indonesia. As the country faces rapid urbanization, environmental degradation, and socio-economic inequalities, the integration of sustainable principles into governance frameworks becomes vital for achieving balanced urban growth. This paper examines the relationship between sustainability and future governance within the context of Indonesia's settlement planning, highlighting key challenges such as resource management, climate change adaptation, and the inclusion of local communities in decision-making processes. A sustainable approach to governance, combined with innovative urban planning strategies, can address issues like affordable housing, infrastructure resilience, and environmental preservation. The study emphasizes the need for participatory governance that involves multiple stakeholders, including local governments, private sectors, and civil society, to ensure a holistic and inclusive planning process. By aligning future governance models with sustainability goals, Indonesia can create livable, equitable, and resilient settlements that are capable of withstanding environmental and socio-economic challenges. The findings suggest that integrating sustainability into governance frameworks is essential for the long-term success of settlement planning, fostering environments that are not only sustainable but also adaptable to future needs.

The relationship between sustainability and future governance plays a pivotal role in the development of green architecture planning in Indonesia. As the country faces escalating environmental issues and rapid urbanization, integrating sustainable principles into architectural design and urban governance has become essential. This paper explores how future governance models can support the implementation of green architecture, focusing on energy efficiency, resource management, and environmental resilience in Indonesian cities. Key challenges such as regulatory frameworks, the inclusion of stakeholders, and the adaptation of traditional architectural practices to modern sustainable standards are examined. By fostering collaborative governance approaches, including partnerships between government, private sectors, and communities, Indonesia can create more sustainable urban environments. Additionally, green architecture, which emphasizes energy conservation, renewable resources, and ecological harmony, can contribute to the resilience of cities against climate change. This study highlights the importance of aligning architectural practices with governance policies that prioritize sustainability, ensuring that urban growth in Indonesia is both environmentally responsible and adaptive to future challenges.

Digital transformation in Information Technology (IT) governance has become a crucial aspect in improving the efficiency of public services, particularly within the Department of Community and Village Empowerment, Population, and Civil Registration of North Sumatra Province. This study aims to analyze the implementation of digital transformation in IT governance using the COBIT 2019 framework. The research method includes the analysis of regulations, the role of IT, procurement models, implementation methods, and technology adoption strategies applied by the department. The findings show that IT implementation is predominantly strategic in nature, supporting the digitization of population services and enhancing data transparency. The IT procurement model comprises a combination of outsourcing (30%), cloud computing (30%), and insourcing (40%) to balance efficiency and system control. Agile methodology is the most dominant implementation method (50%), followed by DevOps (35%) for maintenance and traditional approaches (15%) for more structured projects. The department primarily adopts a "follower" technology adoption strategy (75%), reflecting a selective approach to digital innovation. Based on COBIT 2019 evaluation, the BAI (Build, Acquire, and Implement) domain is the main focus, with high scores in solution identification and improvement management (90) and change management (100), indicating the department’s readiness to adopt digital systems. However, challenges remain in information security, inter-agency data integration, and human resource readiness. The digital transformation of IT governance at the department has been systematically implemented, supporting the improvement of population service efficiency. Enhancements in security, infrastructure, and the strengthening of IT governance policies are necessary to optimize and sustain digital transformation implementation.

This research analyzes the evolution of social response paradigms to disasters from reactive to proactive approaches through a comprehensive literature review. The research method employs a qualitative approach with literature study techniques to identify driving factors of paradigm change and evaluate its implementation. The results show that paradigm transformation was triggered by several key factors: major disaster experiences such as the 2004 Aceh Tsunami, development of legal and institutional frameworks (Law No. 24 of 2007 and the establishment of BNPB), increased public awareness, and advancements in science and technology. Although the proactive approach has proven effective in reducing disaster impacts, its implementation still faces challenges including gaps between knowledge and practice, lack of integration with development planning, approaches that remain top-down, limited technology adoption, and disparities in regional fiscal capacity. This research contributes to the formulation of more adaptive and sustainable disaster management strategies through recommendations for strengthening participatory approaches, mainstreaming disaster risk reduction in development planning, and developing sustainable funding models for disaster mitigation and preparedness programs.

Introduction: Achieving carbon neutrality in industrial systems is essential for mitigating climate change and promoting sustainability. The increasing demand for energy optimization and carbon emission reduction has driven the development of advanced technologies, particularly hybrid machine learning (ML) models. These models, combining ensemble learning and reinforcement learning (RL), offer significant promise in optimizing industrial processes, reducing energy consumption, and improving environmental performance. This study explores the application of hybrid ML models in achieving carbon neutral goals through dynamic process optimization and energy control in industrial settings. Literature Review: Hybrid ML models integrate different machine learning techniques to handle complex and dynamic environments effectively. Ensemble learning methods, such as boosting, bagging, and stacking, combine multiple algorithms to improve predictive performance and robustness. Reinforcement learning (RL), on the other hand, enables real time decision making and adaptation based on trial and error interactions with the environment. In energy optimization, these models are used to reduce energy intensity and carbon emissions, enhancing overall operational efficiency. Previous studies have demonstrated the effectiveness of ML models in energy management, but challenges such as data quality, model integration, and computational complexity remain. Materials and Method: The study applies hybrid ML models combining ensemble learning and RL to optimize energy consumption and minimize carbon emissions in industrial processes. Data from real time sensors and operational parameters are used to train the models. The ensemble learning component improves the accuracy of energy predictions, while RL ensures dynamic process adjustments in response to fluctuating energy demand. The models were tested in various industrial settings, including manufacturing processes, smart grids, and microgrid systems. Performance metrics such as energy efficiency, carbon emissions reduction, and operational costs were evaluated to assess the effectiveness of the models.  Results and Discussion: The hybrid ML models achieved significant reductions in energy intensity (15-20%) and carbon emissions (18-25%). The real time adaptability of the RL component allowed the models to adjust energy consumption patterns dynamically, improving energy efficiency and reducing waste. The models demonstrated their ability to adapt to varying operational conditions, ensuring optimal energy use. A cost-benefit analysis showed that the hybrid models provided substantial energy savings and reduced operational costs, with a return on investment (ROI) of 30-35% within the first year of deployment. However, challenges such as computational complexity and data quality issues were identified, highlighting the need for further refinement in model development.

This research aims to conduct a bibliometric analysis of literature discussing the experience of using the project-based learning (PjBL) model in creative and entrepreneurship education. The method used is descriptive bibliometric analysis. The research results show increasing interest in PjBL in education, influenced by changes in the curriculum which emphasize project-based learning experiences and the role of technology in facilitating learning. PjBL not only improves technical skills but also soft skills such as communication, collaboration and time management, which are much needed in the modern world of work. The integration of technology in PjBL enables more interactive and interesting learning, increasing student engagement and motivation. In addition, this research highlights the importance of collaboration between researchers, educators and practitioners in developing learning models that are effective and relevant to the needs of industry and society. With a better understanding of user experiences in the PjBL context, learning practices can be developed more effectively to prepare future generations to face global challenges with creativity and confidence

Urban flooding is increasingly concerning due to climate change and rapid urbanization. Factors such as intensified rainfall, urban sprawl, and reduced permeable surfaces heighten flood risks, making efficient stormwater management crucial. This study focuses on developing a Decision Support System (DSS) to optimize green infrastructure (GI) placement in urban areas, aiming to enhance stormwater infiltration and reduce flood risks under climate change scenarios. The research reviews current strategies for GI planning and DSS in urban flood management. By integrating GIS tools, hydrological models, and climate data, the DSS identifies ideal locations for GI measures like rain gardens, bioswales, and permeable pavements, promoting effective stormwater management while addressing climate change. Hydrological models simulate stormwater behavior under varying rainfall conditions, and GIS maps potential GI sites within urban areas. Simulations of future extreme rainfall events assess GI performance under changing climate conditions. Results show significant reductions in stormwater runoff and flood risks, particularly in areas with high impervious surfaces. Challenges such as space constraints in dense urban areas, scalability of GI solutions, and long-term maintenance are discussed. The study concludes that integrating GI with traditional stormwater systems offers a comprehensive approach to urban flood mitigation, with the DSS serving as a key tool for urban planners and policymakers.

Educational institutions play a vital role in shaping human resources and adapting to rapid changes. To address globalization and technological challenges, they must implement effective and sustainable reforms, with strategic leadership as a key driver. This study examines the role of strategic leadership in designing and implementing renewal models in educational institutions. It identifies factors influencing success and offers recommendations for effective practices. Strategic leadership is crucial in enhancing educational quality and system effectiveness. Leaders act as internal change agents, develop innovative strategies, and coordinate resources to achieve reform goals. Using library research methods, this study reviews literature, including books, journal articles, and research reports on strategic leadership and educational reform. Data analysis involves identifying themes, theories, and best practices. Findings reveal that strategic leaders function as visionaries, motivators, facilitators, and resource managers. Their effectiveness depends on clear strategy formulation, consensus-building, and resistance management. Support from stakeholders, effective communication, and community involvement are pivotal for successful reform implementation. This study emphasizes the importance of strategic leadership in fostering transformative changes within educational institutions.

The quality of education is one of the important issues that draws attention in various educational discussions in Indonesia. In educational organizations, as in any other organization, achieving good and effective organizational performance becomes the focus of education managers. The impacts of globalization, the development of science and technology, and modern learning models and methods are all contributing factors. This research refers to literature research. To obtain research data, the researcher collects, analyzes, and compiles sources from articles, books, and previous research papers on the application of strategic management in education. The researcher then supplements the strategic management data to improve the quality of education. Teachers and economic policy researchers have started meeting to discuss policy changes in management and how to respond to them. To achieve superior organizational performance, an organization must be able to compete in both human resources and finances. Both are crucial elements for an organization. The role of leadership is a key element in achieving this goal. Improving the quality of education in educational institutions, addressing global challenges, enhancing the quality of educational management, improving the quality of the learning process, improving the quality of human resources in education, as well as strategic management and operational management in building network management.

Abstract. This study examines the application of Agile Management principles in online learning platforms, focusing on the challenges and benefits experienced during implementation. Through qualitative research, including interviews and case studies, the research explores how platforms have adopted Agile practices, such as iterative cycles, regular feedback, and flexibility, to enhance responsiveness and adaptability. The findings reveal that the majority of platforms have integrated Agile principles, with a significant focus on overcoming challenges like resistance to change and a lack of training. Participants reported improved collaboration, increased efficiency, and the ability to respond to changes effectively. However, challenges remain, including the need for hybrid models combining Agile with traditional management frameworks. This study contributes valuable insights into the effectiveness of Agile practices in educational technology and offers directions for future research on enhancing Agile implementation in diverse educational settings.