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Arabic grammar (nahwu) instruction has long been dominated by rule-based approaches that emphasize memorization and formal analysis, often resulting in rigid learning structures and limited responsiveness to learners’ cognitive diversity. While such approaches play an important role in preserving grammatical accuracy, they frequently overlook individual learning trajectories, cognitive readiness, and adaptive instructional needs. In the era of artificial intelligence (AI), language education is increasingly shaped by adaptive learning systems that personalize content, pacing, and instructional strategies based on learners’ profiles. This study aims to reconceptualize Arabic grammar instruction by proposing a conceptual framework that integrates traditional nahwu principles with adaptive learning systems informed by AI. Using a qualitative conceptual analysis, this paper synthesizes classical Arabic grammar pedagogy, contemporary theories of adaptive learning, and recent developments in AI-supported language instruction. The proposed framework highlights key components, including learner profiling, cognitive-level alignment, hierarchical nahwu content structuring, and AI-assisted scaffolding mechanisms. The findings suggest that adaptive learning systems offer significant pedagogical potential to transform nahwu instruction from a static, rule-centered model into a flexible, learner-centered process. This reconceptualization is expected to enhance grammatical comprehension, reduce cognitive overload, and promote learner autonomy in Arabic language education, particularly in Islamic higher education contexts. The study concludes by discussing pedagogical implications and directions for future empirical research on AI-assisted Arabic grammar learning.

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

This study aims to explore the role of harakat in assisting beginner students at Pondok Pesantren Zainul Hasan Genggong in reading and understanding Arabic texts. Learning Arabic, especially for beginners, presents its own challenges, particularly in reading texts that use the harakat system. Harakat plays a crucial role in proper pronunciation and understanding the meaning of words. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method with a case study approach, involving 1) seventh-grade students and 2) the arabic language teachers in that class. The results of the study show that harakat significantly helps students in understanding Arabic grammar, improving reading skills, and comprehending the meaning of texts. Additionally, internal factors such as physical health, as well as external factors like family conditions, also influence students' ability to read Arabic texts. Based on the findings of this study, it is recommended that the use of harakat in teaching Arabic to beginners be maintained and enhanced.  

Understanding nahwu, particularly the grammatical marker raf‘ in the form of ḍammah, is essential for accurately analyzing the structure of Arabic sentences. Ḍammah serves as a marker for the marfū‘ grammatical case in both nouns (ism) and verbs (fi‘l) under specific conditions. Mastery of this aspect is not only beneficial for academic or religious purposes but also offers valuable life lessons. Values such as precision in thinking, carefulness in speech, and clarity in communication are among the wisdoms that can be gained. In practice, understanding the raf‘ sign ḍammah teaches individuals to be more thoughtful in language use and more sensitive to meaning. Beyond improving one’s Arabic language skills, it also fosters a logical and organized mindset. Therefore, learning about the raf‘ sign ḍammah contributes to the development of a disciplined, responsible, and ethical character, both in social, educational, and spiritual contexts.

This article examines the contributions of two major schools of Arabic grammar, the Basran and Kufan schools, to the development of the theory of ibdal (phonetic substitution) in the Arabic language. Using a historical and comparative approach, it traces the origins of the concept of ibdal in classical Arabic linguistic tradition and explores how leading grammarians from each school shaped distinct theoretical frameworks. The Basran school typically approached ibdal with a logical and systematic perspective, emphasizing phonetic patterns and structured rules of sound transformation. In contrast, the Kufan school adopted a more flexible stance, prioritizing the realities of spoken Arabic usage even if not always supported by formal phonetic justification. This study highlights not only the methodological differences between the two schools but also their long-lasting impact on the grammatical structure of Arabic. The discussion underlines the intellectual dynamics within Arabic grammar scholarship and encourages further exploration into how classical ibdal theories can inform modern linguistic analysis in Arabic studies.

Fiqh al-Lughah is a discipline that examines the philosophical and historical aspects of the Arabic language, including the factors influencing its development. One of the most rapidly growing branches of Arabic language studies is Nahwu (grammar), which plays a crucial role in understanding linguistic structures and rules. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Fiqh al-Lughah and the development of Nahwu and how a deeper understanding of Fiqh al-Lughah contributes to the analysis and application of Nahwu rules. This research employs a qualitative method with a descriptive-analytical approach based on classical and modern literature reviews. The findings indicate that Fiqh al-Lughah significantly influences the formation of Nahwu theories, particularly in the historical development of grammatical rules, word classification, and syntactic concepts in Arabic.

In the course of its long history, Islam in the archipelago has brought significant transformations in the way religious knowledge is delivered and learned. Literacy in pesantren has evolved from the traditional form of the yellow book to digital formats such as ebooks. In the 16th century, the yellow book emerged in the context of the archipelago as a very important cultural heritage of literacy in the tradition of Islamic scholarship. The yellow book is characterized by the yellowish color of the paper and is often referred to as al-kutub al-qadimah, which means classical or ancient books. Nahwu and Sharaf are two fundamental pillars of Arabic grammar that are essential for mastery of the language. Nahwu focuses on the structure of sentences as well as the function of words in the context of the sentence, while Sharaf studies changes in word forms and the process of derivation. These two disciplines complement each other in building a thorough understanding of the Arabic language. According to an article on Kompasiana, Nahwu and Sharaf materials are very integral in learning Arabic, similar to the role of grammar in English. This research adopts a qualitative approach with a library research method that aims to explore in depth various literatures related to Islamic character building in the digital era. Data collection is done by reviewing secondary sources, including books, scientific journals, academic articles, and documents.

This study analyzes the role of i'rab in translating mubtada’-khobar and fi’il-fa’il structures from Arabic into Indonesian. Using a qualitative approach and descriptive analysis, this research examines how i'rab, as a system of final vowel changes in Arabic, influences grammatical and semantic functions in the translation process. The theoretical review focuses on the concept of i'rab according to Ibn Ajurrum and Eugene Nida's dynamic equivalence theory, which emphasizes the importance of accurately transferring meaning and grammatical structure. The literature review method involves collecting, analyzing, and synthesizing sources from classical Arabic grammar books, previous research, and modern translation theories. The data is analyzed comparatively to identify effective translation patterns in adapting Arabic syntactic structures into Indonesian. The findings indicate that a deep understanding of i'rab plays a crucial role in translation, especially since Indonesian does not have a similar system. To convey the grammatical information embedded in i'rab, translators must adjust word order, use pronouns, or adapt sentence structures. This article provides new insights into how i'rab affects Arabic-Indonesian translation and its implications for improving translation skills.

As a literary genre with its own appeal, short stories (qishshah qashirah) and poetry (shi'r) offer a unique and beneficial reading experience for students. However, learning to read Arabic literary texts often presents various challenges. This study aims to analyze in depth the reading skills of Arabic literary texts, specifically short stories and poetry, at Madrasah Aliyah. This research employs a qualitative descriptive method, which aims to observe and describe events, phenomena, attitudes, social activities, perceptions, beliefs, and thoughts of individuals or groups. Data collection is conducted through observation, interviews, and documentation. The data analysis technique follows the Miles and Huberman model, which consists of three main stages: data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that students' ability to read Arabic literary texts, both short stories and poetry, remains relatively low. Several internal and external factors influence this ability, including limited vocabulary (mufradat), which causes students to struggle in understanding texts, frequently pause, guess word meanings, or even give up entirely. Additionally, weak proficiency in Arabic grammar (nahwu and sharaf) further hinders their comprehension of sentence structures in literary texts. To address these challenges, three strategies can be implemented by educators to enhance students' reading skills: utilizing diverse learning media, selecting engaging and relevant themes, and providing a variety of reading resources.