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This study aims to analyze how the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka supports the cultivation of Christian moral values among senior high school students in Christian Religious Education (PAK) classes. Using a library research method, the study reviews various written sources including books, scholarly articles, and curriculum documents to obtain a comprehensive understanding of how Christian values are integrated into PAK learning. The findings reveal that the Kurikulum Merdeka provides wide opportunities for student-centered, contextual, and character-oriented learning through the Profil Pelajar Pancasila (P5) Project. Christian values such as love, honesty, responsibility, forgiveness, and compassion can be internalized through intracurricular, co-curricular, and experiential project-based activities. The role of teachers as moral exemplars is crucial in guiding students’ character formation. The study also identifies several challenges, including the influence of digital culture, lack of role models within families, and limited instructional time. In conclusion, the implementation of the Kurikulum Merdeka has significant potential to foster Christian character in students, yet requires collaborative support from schools, families, and churches to achieve maksimal outcomes.

Driven by the need for sustainable building materials with effective acoustic performance, this work investigates coconut-fiber-based cement-bonded particleboard as a bio-based alternative, evaluating its sound absorption and transmission characteristics to determine suitability for noise control in architectural and industrial applications while considering manufacturability, local material availability, and potential environmental benefits compared to conventional synthetic panels and providing guidance for designers and manufacturers across different climatic zones. This study aims to analyze the acoustic characteristics of coconut-fiber-based Cement-Bonded Particleboard (CBPB) through measurements of the Sound Absorption Coefficient (SAC, α) and Transmission Loss (TL). CBPB samples were fabricated with thickness variations of 12, 16, and 20 mm and tested using an impedance tube in accordance with ISO 10534-2:1998 and the ASTM E90-09 (2016) method. The results showed that the α value increased with both frequency and panel thickness, reaching a maximum of 0.78 at frequencies of 2500–3150 Hz for the 20 mm panel. The highest TL value reached 42 dB at a frequency of 4000 Hz. Coconut-fiber-based CBPB demonstrated strong potential as an eco-friendly structural acoustic material.

Instagram has become one of the most influential digital platforms for the construction and dissemination of lifestyle meanings, particularly through the presence of social media influencers. Among various lifestyle narratives, luxury is one of the most dominant and ideologically loaded representations circulated by influencers. This study examines how luxury is represented, constructed, and naturalized in the Instagram content of female Indonesian influencers using Roland Barthes’ semiotic framework. The object of this research consists of visual and textual Instagram posts that display luxury-related lifestyles, including fashion, travel, leisure, and consumption practices. The main problem addressed in this study concerns how signs of luxury operate at the levels of denotation, connotation, and myth to shape audience perceptions of success, femininity, and social status. The objective of this research is to reveal the ideological meanings embedded in influencer content and to explain how luxury is transformed into a normalized and desirable lifestyle. This study employs a qualitative descriptive method with semiotic analysis. Data were collected through purposive sampling of Instagram posts from selected female Indonesian influencers with significant follower engagement. The findings show that luxury is represented not merely through high-priced commodities but through symbolic systems involving aesthetics, body presentation, spatial settings, and narrative captions. At the mythological level, luxury is naturalized as the result of personal effort, self-discipline, and modern femininity, thereby obscuring structural inequalities and reinforcing consumerist ideology. This study concludes that Instagram influencers function as cultural agents who reproduce dominant myths of success and luxury in digital culture.

This study explores the role of English in supporting the academic and professional development of management students, based on the lecturer’s reflections as both lecturer and researcher. As English becomes increasingly important in global education and employment, many students are required to read academic materials, complete assignments, and communicate using English. This study focuses on how English for Specific Purposes (ESP), especially Business English, helps students build discipline-related skills and prepare for real workplace communication. Using an autoethnographic approach, the researcher collected data from self-interviews, reflective teaching journals, and informal student feedback over one semester. Thematic analysis was used to identify patterns in the lecturer’s experiences and observations. The findings show that English supports students’ academic growth by helping them understand textbooks, research articles, and business case studies. Students gained confidence in reading and presenting academic information after completing guided tasks. The results also indicate that ESP based on activities such as email writing, meeting simulations, and presentations strengthened students’ employability skills. These tasks helped students feel more prepared for internships and early career responsibilities. Additionally, the study highlights the importance of reflective teaching. By analyzing classroom challenges and student needs, the lecturer was able to improve teaching strategies, select more authentic materials, and provide better support for learners. This research shows that integrating ESP with employability goals can create meaningful learning experiences for management students. When English teaching is connected to real professional contexts, students develop both language proficiency and practical communication skills. The study also encourages lecturers to use reflection as a tool to enhance teaching quality and better support students’ academic and career preparation.

Learning design is a fundamental component in the educational process, as it serves as a foundation for teachers in planning, implementing, and evaluating learning activities systematically and purposefully. In the context of Islamic Religious Education (PAI), learning design has a broader role, not only focusing on the delivery of religious knowledge, but also encompassing the formation of character, morals, and strengthening Islamic values ​​in students. This paper discusses the general concept and function of learning design in PAI through theoretical studies from various literature and expert views. The results of the discussion indicate that PAI learning design must be prepared comprehensively by considering the components of objectives, materials, methods, media, and evaluation that are aligned with Islamic values. In addition, learning design serves as a practical guideline for teachers to create effective, efficient, innovative learning that is able to respond to the challenges of modern developments. Good learning design also contributes to increased learning motivation, optimal achievement of competencies, and the formation of students who are faithful, pious, and have good morals. Thus, understanding the concept and function of learning design is crucial for educators in their efforts to improve the quality of PAI learning as a whole.

This research examines the comparison of Islamic education innovations in Japan and Singapore with a focus on technological approaches and local cultural integration. Japan and Singapore are two developed countries in Asia that have developed Islamic education systems with unique characteristics despite not being Muslim-majority countries. This study uses a qualitative method with a library research approach through document and literature analysis. Data were collected from scientific journals, books, and educational policy documents in both countries. The results show that Japan develops Islamic education with an adaptive approach that integrates digital technology and Japanese cultural values such as discipline and kaizen. Meanwhile, Singapore builds a structured Islamic education system integrated with the national education system through MUIS with innovations in the aL.I.V.E curriculum and SIES. The main difference lies in the level of institutionalization and government support, where Singapore has a more formal structure while Japan is more flexible and community-based. Both models provide valuable lessons for the development of Islamic education in Indonesia, particularly in terms of technology integration, local cultural adaptation, and contextual curriculum development.

This research aims to evaluate the implementation of guidance and counseling (BK) at SMPIT Widya Duta, an integrated Islamic school in Bekasi City. The method used in this research is qualitative research. The data collection techniques were gathered through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with BK teachers and students, and documentation. The results show that BK services are structured based on the Service Implementation Plan (RPL) with a focus on four areas: personal, social, learning, and career, as well as individual counseling as the most preferred service. The results also indicate that the BK teacher's approach includes initial observation, peer strategies for introverted students, and enforcement of confidentiality, with stakeholder collaboration as a supporting factor. Recommendations that can be given to improve the effectiveness of BK services include collaborative interdisciplinary training, continuous evaluation, and technology integration to strengthen synergy between PAI teachers, BK, and parents to address operational challenges and optimize student learning comfort and character development.

Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning methods are strategies used by teachers to effectively convey Islamic teachings so that they are easily understood, internalized, and practiced by students. The application of appropriate methods can create a more engaging, active, and meaningful learning process, enabling students not only to acquire knowledge but also to develop Islamic attitudes and personalities. In the context of modern education, PAI learning needs to integrate a variety of approaches, ranging from lectures, discussions, demonstrations, to hands-on, experiential learning. Furthermore, learning environments such as museums, mosques, monuments, and open spaces can be utilized as resources and supporting learning media, even if these places are not specifically designed for teaching and learning activities. Utilizing these environments provides real-life experiences that help students understand Islamic values ​​contextually. Thus, PAI learning methods play a crucial role in realizing a holistic, comprehensive educational process oriented toward the formation of Islamic character.

This study aims to analyze the use of video media in visualizing Islamic values in the teaching of Aqidah and Akhlak at MA Al Manshuriyah Pagelaran. The study is grounded in the need for a more contextual, engaging, and relevant learning approach for the digital generation, particularly in delivering concepts such as monotheism, proper conduct, and social morality. A descriptive quantitative method was employed involving 24 students using questionnaires and classroom observations. The findings indicate that video media enhances student engagement, clarifies the understanding of abstract concepts, and fosters a more interactive learning atmosphere. The visualization of Islamic values through video enables students to comprehend commendable behavior more concretely and in relation to their daily experiences. The study implies that video-based learning is an effective strategy to strengthen value internalization in Aqidah and Akhlak teaching and is recommended for continuous integration into instructional practices.

This study examines the concept of repentance (taubah) as the foundation of moral pedagogy through a thematic interpretation approach to the Hadith Qudsi and classical and contemporary Islamic scholarly literature. The study employed a qualitative method based on literature review, examining the meaning, values, and educational implications of the teachings of repentance. The results of the study indicate that repentance is not merely understood as a spiritual act of seeking forgiveness, but as a holistic educational process. This process encompasses self-awareness (ma'rifah) of mistakes, deep regret (nadam), a strong determination not to repeat them ('azm), and concrete behavioral change ('amal). From an Islamic educational perspective, the values ​​of repentance play a crucial role in fostering moral responsibility, self-reflection, the habituation of good deeds, and a commitment to continuous self-improvement. The integration of repentance values ​​into learning can be realized through a character-based curriculum, reflective methods, strengthening worship practices, and moral development. Thus, repentance becomes an essential instrument in shaping a perfect human being who is faithful, has noble character, and possesses social awareness.     Kata kunci: Taubat, Hadis Qudsi, Pedagogi Moral, Pendidikan Islam, dan karakter.

This study compares the Islamic religious education systems in Indonesia and Malaysia with a particular focus on curriculum design and its implementation within secondary schools. Using a qualitative research approach, data were gathered through document analysis and interviews with educators and school administrators from both countries. The findings show that although Indonesia and Malaysia share similar objectives in fostering students’ understanding and practice of Islamic teachings, several significant differences remain in terms of curriculum structure, learning materials, and instructional strategies. In Indonesia, Islamic religious education is more closely integrated into the national curriculum, emphasizing a balance between religious values and general educational competencies. Meanwhile, Malaysia adopts a more specific and traditionally oriented curriculum that places stronger emphasis on classical Islamic knowledge and conventional pedagogical practices. Implementation in both countries is shaped by government policies, socio-cultural contexts, and local wisdom that influence how Islamic education is delivered in the classroom. Overall, this study is expected to contribute as a useful reference for enhancing the effectiveness, relevance, and contextualization of Islamic education systems in both nations.

Moral education is the core of Islamic teachings that emphasize the formation of noble character in human relationships with Allah SWT and with others. The phenomenon of moral deterioration that occurs in society, such as promiscuity, juvenile criminality, violence, and the loss of manners towards parents and teachers, shows the urgency of systematic moral education. This research aims to examine the content and content of the book Akhlak Lil Banin by Sheikh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja' and the strategy of the moral education concept contained in it. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach through content analysis. The results of the study show that Lil Banin's book of Morals contains fundamental moral values, including ethics with parents, manners with teachers, speaking ethics, honesty and trust, responsibility, and manners of eating and drinking. The moral education strategy in this book includes moral development towards Allah SWT, oneself, parents, teachers, fellow humans, the environment, and in all life circumstances. Thus, Lil Banin's book of Morals is not only a moral guideline for children and adolescents, but also relevant as a reference for character education in the modern era that is full of moral challenges.

Indonesia’s rich religious, ethnic, and cultural diversity has long been accompanied by challenges related to socio-religious conflict. One important yet often overlooked dimension is intra-religious tension, illustrated by the differing perspectives of Nahdlatul Ulama (NU) and Muhammadiyah—the two largest Islamic organizations in the country. This study examines how these organizations manage their doctrinal differences (khilafiyah) and uphold tolerance as an expression of the First Principle of Pancasila. Using a qualitative literature review, the research analyzes organizational documents, scholarly works, and academic articles concerning both groups. Findings show that their divergence stems primarily from distinct methodological frameworks. NU follows the Aswaja tradition, accommodating local culture through the concept of Islam Nusantara, adhering to classical jurisprudential schools, and applying the maxim al-muhafadzah. In contrast, Muhammadiyah employs the Manhaj Tarjih and a Tajdid (renewal) approach centered on purification and modernization, forming the basis of its Progressive Islam vision. Despite differences in jurisprudential practice, both organizations share a commitment to moderation (wasathiyyah). NU expresses tolerance through its principles of Tawassuth, Tawazun, Tasamuh, and the Trilogy of Brotherhood, whereas Muhammadiyah emphasizes justice and respect for diversity in its Guidelines for Islamic Life. Their mutual acceptance of Pancasila—as Darul Ahdi wa Syahadah for Muhammadiyah and the foundation of Ukhuwah Wathaniyah for NU—demonstrates that internal Islamic pluralism can strengthen, rather than weaken, national unity.

In the learning process, there are various important aspects that must be considered, especially by teachers as transmitters of knowledge. The success of learning depends heavily on the teacher's ability to manage the classroom to create a safe, comfortable, and enjoyable learning atmosphere. Therefore, teachers need to choose the right learning method so that learning objectives can be achieved effectively. One method that can be used is Outdoor Learning, which is learning outside the classroom that provides opportunities for students to develop talents and creativity more broadly through direct experience in the open air. Management of the learning environment is also a crucial factor in supporting learning success. Several things that need to be considered include understanding the nature and development of student intelligence, getting to know students individually, utilizing student behavior in organizing learning, and developing critical thinking, creativity, and problem-solving skills. In addition, teachers need to create an attractive classroom, utilize the environment as a learning resource, provide constructive feedback, and differentiate between students' physical and mental activities. The learning environment itself consists of indoor and outdoor environments. The indoor environment includes school facilities such as classrooms, libraries, laboratories, and auditoriums. Meanwhile, the outdoor environment includes places outside the school that can be used as learning resources, such as museums, mosques, monuments, and fields. Prospective teachers need to understand the importance of managing the learning environment and understand the various types and benefits of learning environments to support an effective learning process.  

This study examines the increasing prevalence of premarital sexual behavior among Indonesian adolescents, including Catholic youths, which poses a significant challenge to the moral formation and faith development promoted by the Catholic Church. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the phenomenon of adolescent free sex from the perspective of Catholic moral theology and family pastoral care. The findings reveal that the rise of free sexual behavior among adolescents is strongly influenced by curiosity, fragmented family structures, weak value-based sexual education, and the unregulated use of digital media. Moral theology views sexuality as a divine gift whose authentic meaning is realized only within the sacramental bond of marriage; therefore, premarital sex is considered a deviation from human dignity and the true nature of love. The study also highlights the essential role of the family as the Domestic Church in shaping conscience, character, and responsible sexual attitudes among youths. Pastoral strategies proposed include integral sexual education, strengthening parent–child communication in the digital age, and contextual pastoral accompaniment rooted in compassion, as emphasized in Amoris Laetitia. This research underscores the need for collaborative efforts between families, the Church, and educational institutions to guide young people toward a holistic understanding of sexuality, authentic love, and their Christian vocation in contemporary society.  

This article discusses the leva mass in Lamalera as one of the examples of the inculturation of the Catholic faith in local culture on the island of Lembata, East Nusa Tenggara. Inculturation is understood as a process of encounter between faith and culture, so that the proclamation of the gospel can be deeply lived in the context of the life of the local people. Through the leva mass, cultural elements such as sea symbols, boats (tena), traditional dances, traditional clothing, and regional songs are harmoniously integrated into the liturgy of the Catholic Church. For the Lamalera community, the sea is not only a source of livelihood, but a symbol of God's presence and power that blesses and protects human life. The celebration of the Mass emphasizes that God is present not only in the church building, but also in every aspect of human life, including work. The Leva Mass can also strengthen the spirit of brotherhood, solidarity, and the responsibility of the people towards His created nature. The people learn to be grateful for marine products, respect the environment, and work with the spirit of love and sacrifice. Thus, the leva mass is not just a religious ritual, but also a faith and cultural education that helps the people in understanding their call to live in harmony with nature and the will of God. Through the Mass of Leva, the Church in Lamalera portrays the living face of faith, the source of the gospel but rooted in the local culture.

The Protestant Reformation, pioneered by Martin Luther in the 16th century, was an important moment in Christian history. This movement emerged as a critique of Catholic Church practices, particularly the sale of indulgences and the abuse of power by clergy, which were considered to deviate from the teachings of the Bible. In response, the Catholic Church convened the Council of Trent. This council not only reaffirmed the teachings of the faith but also tightened spiritual discipline and reformed the internal structure to maintain the unity of the Church. In addition, the Council of Trent also encouraged pastoral renewal supported by religious orders, especially the Society of Jesus (Jesuits), which played a major role in education, missions, and social services. This study analyzes the roots of the Reformation, examines the Council of Trent as the official response of the Catholic Church, and explores the forms of pastoral renewal that emerged afterwards. The results show that although the Protestant Reformation was a major challenge, the Catholic Church's response through the Council of Trent and the pastoral renewal movement succeeded in strengthening Catholic identity and left an important legacy that has influenced the development of the Church to this day.

This study examines how Christian marriage is represented in the modern era through theological, symbolic, and contextual perspectives. Although Christian marriage is traditionally understood as a sacred covenant emphasizing unity, fidelity, and permanence, contemporary social realities reveal shifts in how Christians interpret and express marital life. Economic pressures, evolving family roles, digital communication patterns, and cultural influences shape the modern experience of marriage. Using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature-based research, this study analyzes the theological foundations, ritual symbols, and contextual factors that influence changes in the representation of Christian marriage today. The findings indicate that while the core theological essence of Christian marriage remains, its practical expressions undergo adaptation to remain relevant within modern life. Symbols such as wedding rings, marital vows, and liturgical blessings continue to convey theological meaning, while premarital education and pastoral support play a crucial role in strengthening marital stability. The study highlights the need for a contextual and integrative ecclesial approach that responds to the realities faced by Christian couples in contemporary society.    

The death penalty remains a topic of ongoing debate from legal, moral, and religious perspectives. In Indonesia, the death penalty is still applied for certain serious crimes; however, its implementation is questioned because it is considered to conflict with the fundamental human right to life. From the perspective of Christian ethics, this issue becomes more complex as it relates to the understanding of life as a gift from God and the principles of justice and forgiveness. The Old Testament contains provisions for the death penalty as a means of upholding law and maintaining the holiness of the community, while the New Testament emphasizes love, restoration, and the opportunity for repentance through the example of Jesus Christ. This study aims to analyze how Christian ethics views the death penalty by examining the balance between justice and forgiveness as taught in Scripture. The method used in this research is literature review and conceptual analysis of biblical texts and theological sources. The findings indicate that Christian ethics does not merely reject or accept the death penalty, but directs toward an understanding of justice that restores human dignity. This perspective is expected to serve as an ethical consideration in responding to the application of the death penalty in modern society.

This study aims to explore the symbolic meaning of the siraman ceremony in Javanese culture and interpret its values ​​in light of the Catholic faith, particularly regarding the sanctity and blessings of the sacrament of marriage. The siraman tradition is understood not merely as a cultural ritual, but as a process of physical and spiritual purification imbued with spiritual symbolism, such as the use of water from seven springs and the granting of parental blessings. This study uses a qualitative approach with a literature review method through analysis of Church documents, Javanese anthropological literature, and relevant research. The results indicate that the meaning of purification in siraman is closely related to the symbolism of baptismal water in the Catholic tradition, while the prayer of parental blessing aligns with the concept of blessing as a manifestation of God's grace in the family. Through the inculturation perspective emphasized in Gaudium et Spes and Ecclesia in Asia, siraman can be understood as a form of harmonious dialogue between faith and culture without compromising the purity of Church teachings. This study concludes that the siraman ceremony can enrich the experience of the sacrament of marriage for Javanese Catholics, while strengthening their identity as individuals of faith and culture.