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This research aims to determine the effect of applying the command teaching style on the fundamental breaststroke skills of male students at SMA Negeri 7 Manado. Using an experimental method with a randomized control group pre-test and post-test design, data were collected from 30 students divided into experimental and control groups. The experimental group received treatment using the command teaching style, while the control group followed conventional instruction. The results showed a significant increase in breaststroke skill scores in the experimental group compared to the control group, with a mean gain of 4.00 and 0.46 respectively. Statistical analysis using a t-test revealed that the command teaching style significantly improves basic swimming skills. These findings suggest that the command teaching method is effective for developing movement precision and discipline in physical education, particularly for skill-based learning such as swimming techniques.

Low reading interest and skills in early elementary school classes indicate the need for efficient learning strategies. One method that has been proven to improve literacy skills is reading aloud activities. This study aims to explain the strategies implemented by teachers in improving reading literacy skills through reading aloud activities in lower grades. This research method uses a qualitative descriptive approach with data collection techniques through interviews and observations. The findings of the study indicate that reading aloud strategies implemented by teachers, such as selecting interesting picture books, using intonation and expression when reading, and reflecting after reading can increase students' interest and participation in reading activities. This activity also increases students' vocabulary and builds good reading habits. This study emphasizes the significance of teacher training in expressive reading and providing quality reading books in elementary schools., 

This systematic literature review examines queue system simulation in hospitals across four key service areas: emergency departments, outpatient clinics, laboratories, and pharmacies. Following PRISMA methodology, 72 relevant studies (2015-2020) were analyzed to identify simulation models, software tools, performance parameters, and emerging trends. Findings reveal Discrete-Event Simulation dominance (59.7%), with increasing hybrid model adoption integrating System Dynamics and Agent-Based approaches. Emergency departments remain the primary application focus (52.8%), while Arena and AnyLogic emerged as predominant simulation platforms. Patient waiting time (91.7%) and resource utilization (77.8%) constitute the most evaluated performance metrics. Technological convergence trends demonstrate integration of real-time data analytics, machine learning, and digital twin concepts into traditional simulation frameworks. This review contributes methodological insights for optimizing hospital queueing systems while identifying research gaps in cross-departmental model interoperability and comprehensive value-based performance evaluation within contemporary healthcare systems.  

Current technological developments require young people to get information easily through gadgets. The ease of internet access that is developing sometimes brings up advertisements that trigger online gambling. However, these activities can be diverted by doing positive activities, namely learning business, so the purpose of this community service is to socialize the operation of gadgets to prevent the impact of online gambling and improve the business of Beratkulon Village. The method used in this community service has three steps, namely, preparation steps, implementation steps, and final steps. The results of this community service are, socialization of the operation of gadgets to help prevent online gambling and utilize business so that positive activities occur among village youth, so that village youth increasingly understand to avoid online gambling activities turning into useful business activities. The hope from the results of this activity is to immediately implement the results of the socialization that is applied so that the quality of human resources in Beratkulon Village is getting better, especially village youth.

Plagiarism remains a critical challenge in academia, including in religious-based educational institutions like Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren). This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to enhance students' awareness and skills in avoiding plagiarism through scientific writing ethics training at Miftahul Khaer Islamic Boarding School. The method employed capacity building via interactive workshops covering plagiarism definitions, types, impacts, citation techniques (APA Style), paraphrasing, and plagiarism detection tools (e.g., Turnitin). Post-training evaluations revealed significant improvements: participants’ understanding of plagiarism rose from 14.3% to 74.3%, with average comprehension scores increasing from 2.97 to 4.76. Knowledge of plagiarism types achieved an average score of 4.51, though technical proficiency with detection tools remained lower (score: 3.14). Despite internet connectivity limitations, printed learning materials ensured training effectiveness. The initiative successfully fostered an ethical academic culture, with recommendations for sustained programs integrating practical case studies, digital tools, and curriculum integration to strengthen academic integrity in the pesantren environment.

This community service program focuses on strengthening cultural literacy and local wisdom understanding among students at SMA YPK Medan. The aim was to foster a deeper appreciation of local culture, values, and traditions, integrating them into the educational process to support sustainable cultural preservation. The program involved participatory methods, including workshops, cultural discussions, and creative student projects that showcased the students' interpretations of local heritage. The initiative was designed to bridge the gap between traditional knowledge and modern education, promoting active student engagement and raising awareness of the importance of cultural heritage. The involvement of local community leaders, educators, and the school administration was pivotal in ensuring the success of the program. Results showed increased student enthusiasm towards local culture, as well as a heightened sense of pride and responsibility towards preserving it. The program's potential for sustainability lies in its integration into the school curriculum and its scalability to other educational institutions.

The problem in this study is the low learning outcomes of students. The purpose is to examine the factors influencing students' low learning outcomes in economics subjects by analys several contributing factors, namely internal factors of learning discipline and external factors of the school environment, which act as moderating variables. The research method used is quantitative, with questionnaires as the data collection technique. The population in this study consists of Grade X and XI students at SMA Negeri 1 Jatiwaras who study Economics, and the sample comprises 251 students selected using Probability Sampling with proportionate stratified random sampling techniques. The research results indicate a significant influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes, as well as the impact of the school environment on learning outcomes. Furthermore, the school environment moderates the influence of learning discipline on learning outcomes. These findings confirm that both research hypotheses are accepted.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Grade XI ATPH 3 of SMK Negeri 1 Purwosari in the subject of Vocational Expertise Concentration on fertilization elements by implementing the cooperative learning model type Teams Games Tournament (TGT) using the interactive media Bamboozle. This research is a Classroom Action Research (CAR) conducted in two cycles, each consisting of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through learning outcome tests, observation, and documentation. The results showed that the implementation of the TGT model supported by Bamboozle media improved students’ average scores from 54.55 in the pre-cycle to 72.73 in cycle I and 81.82 in cycle II. The percentage of mastery learning increased from 6% to 39% and then to 82%. The use of TGT combined with Bamboozle was proven effective in enhancing students’ learning outcomes, engagement, and motivation. Thus, this strategy is recommended as an alternative interactive and engaging learning method in vocational subjects at vocational schools.

This study aims to analyze students' learning difficulties in solving mathematical story problems reviewed from the learning outcomes of fourth-grade students of SDN 117858 Teluk Binjai. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. Data were collected through tests, interviews, and documentation involving teachers and students. The results of the study indicate that the main difficulties faced by students in solving mathematical story problems are low understanding of mathematical concepts, difficulty in interpreting information from story problems, and lack of ability to convert verbal information into mathematical forms. In addition, psychological factors such as anxiety and low self-confidence also affect students' performance in solving problems. Based on learning outcomes, students with lower grades tend to have more difficulty in understanding problems and applying solving strategies. These findings indicate the need for deeper pedagogical interventions to improve students' understanding of mathematical concepts and mathematical literacy skills, as well as emotional support to reduce anxiety related to mathematics.    

This study aims to analyze the abilities and challenges of grade IV elementary school students in writing argumentative sentences. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach of case study methods on ten students in one of the public elementary schools in Jambi City. Data were obtained through an argumentative sentence writing test and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that students' ability to write argumentative sentences still varies. Most of the students have been able to convey their opinions in a concise and relevant manner, but there are still obstacles in the mechanical aspects of writing such as the use of spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure. These findings show the need for a learning strategy that can develop argumentative writing skills systematically and logically. Toulmin's pattern-based approach and collaborative learning models such as Group Investigation are recommended to improve students' overall argumentative writing skills from the elementary school level.

This study aims to analyze the abilities and challenges of grade IV elementary school students in writing argumentative sentences. The research was conducted with a qualitative approach of case study methods on ten students in one of the public elementary schools in Jambi City. Data were obtained through an argumentative sentence writing test and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model which includes data reduction, data presentation, and verification. The results of the study show that students' ability to write argumentative sentences still varies. Most of the students have been able to convey their opinions in a concise and relevant manner, but there are still obstacles in the mechanical aspects of writing such as the use of spelling, punctuation, and sentence structure. These findings show the need for a learning strategy that can develop argumentative writing skills systematically and logically. Toulmin's pattern-based approach and collaborative learning models such as Group Investigation are recommended to improve students' overall argumentative writing skills from the elementary school level.

This study stems from the growing need to support university students' self-growth during early adulthood, a critical phase in preparing for independence and future careers. The Merdeka Belajar–Kampus Merdeka (MBKM) initiative, introduced by Indonesia’s Ministry of Education, provides diverse learning experiences beyond the classroom that are expected to foster personal development. The objective of this research is to evaluate the impact of the MBKM program on various dimensions of student self-development, including cognitive, emotional, and social growth. Employing a quantitative research method, data were gathered through surveys distributed to students who took part in the program. The questionnaire measured specific indicators of personal development. Results indicate that the MBKM program significantly and positively contributes to the self-development of participants. Students demonstrated enhanced critical thinking, emotional intelligence, and interpersonal as well as leadership skills. These findings suggest that experiential learning opportunities such as those offered by MBKM play a vital role in nurturing students' maturity and preparing them for professional challenges. As a result, universities are encouraged to embed similar programs within their curriculum to promote comprehensive student development..

In the era of Society 5.0, the rapid advancement of digital technology has had a significant impact on the world of education, including the process of character development in students. On one hand, technology makes access easier to innovative and interactive Islamic educational resources. On the other hand, this progress has also caused a decline in moral values due to exposure to digital content that is inconsistent with Islamic teachings. The objective of this research is to examine how digital technology affects the formation of Islamic character in students. Additionally, this study investigates the most suitable Islamic educational methods to address this issue. This research was conducted qualitatively using a literature study approach and utilizing various relevant literature and scholarly journals. The results indicate that if used correctly and purposefully, digital technology can assist in Islamic character education. Therefore, collaboration between educators, parents, and educational institutions is essential in integrating Islamic values into digital learning media so that the character formation of students remains in accordance with Islamic teachings.

Technological shifts and changing consumer behaviors require organizations to continuously innovate in order to remain competitive. In this context, creative leadership plays a strategic role in driving market disruption through the development of relevant and adaptive business model innovations. This study adopts a qualitative approach based on secondary data using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method. A variety of academic sources, including journal articles and case studies of companies such as Netflix, Gojek, and Ruangguru, were systematically analyzed to identify strategic leadership patterns in creating disruption. The findings indicate that creative leaders do more than just adopt technology—they design innovation ecosystems that foster experimentation, continuous learning, and responsiveness to market needs. Strategies such as digital platform development, big data utilization, and business model transformation serve as key tools in challenging conventional market boundaries. This study contributes conceptually to the understanding of the relationship between creative leadership and business model innovation in navigating the complexities of the digital era.

Fairy tales are an important part of oral literature that reflects the cultural values and local wisdom of the community that supports them. This study aims to explore the values and meanings of local wisdom in the fairy tale "Mentiko Batuah" , a folk tale from Aceh that is rich in moral messages and cultural symbolism. The research method used is descriptive qualitative with a hermeneutic approach and content analysis. Data were collected through literature and documentation studies, then analyzed to reveal the cultural messages contained in the narrative structure, characters, conflicts, and symbols in the story. The results of the study show that "Mentiko Batuah" contains various local wisdom values, such as honesty, responsibility, justice, and criticism of greed and betrayal. This story also functions as a medium for character formation and strengthening the cultural identity of the Acehnese people. Thus, this fairy tale not only acts as a means of entertainment, but also as an educational instrument that has relevance in the context of cultural and moral learning. This research is expected to be a contribution to the preservation of oral literature and the development of local cultural literacy studies in Indonesia.

Senaru Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency has abundant natural resources and great potential to be utilized in educational and creative activities. However, the use of natural materials such as leaves and flowers as learning and art media is still very minimal. This community service activity aims to provide environmentally friendly education through ecoprint painting art to children, with a fun, participatory and local potential-based approach. The implementation method includes observation and coordination, socialization of the ecoprint concept, ecoprint practice in groups, to the documentation stage. This activity not only trains children's creativity and motor skills but also fosters concern for the environment and pride in the natural wealth of their village. Through this activity, children are invited to get to know the potential of local flora more closely and appreciate its beauty and usefulness directly. The results of the community service show that ecoprint painting can be an effective education in internalizing environmental conservation values ​​from an early age, while opening up opportunities for the development of sustainable creativity.

Senaru Village, Bayan District, North Lombok Regency has abundant natural resources and great potential to be utilized in educational and creative activities. However, the use of natural materials such as leaves and flowers as learning and art media is still very minimal. This community service activity aims to provide environmentally friendly education through ecoprint painting art to children, with a fun, participatory and local potential-based approach. The implementation method includes observation and coordination, socialization of the ecoprint concept, ecoprint practice in groups, to the documentation stage. This activity not only trains children's creativity and motor skills but also fosters concern for the environment and pride in the natural wealth of their village. Through this activity, children are invited to get to know the potential of local flora more closely and appreciate its beauty and usefulness directly. The results of the community service show that ecoprint painting can be an effective education in internalizing environmental conservation values ​​from an early age, while opening up opportunities for the development of sustainable creativity.

The purpose of this study was to determine the application of jenga for question card media to improve knowledge and attitudes of 16-18 year old adolescents about vegetables and fruits at State Senior High School 2 Bangkalan. This type of research is quasi-experimental with a nonequivalent control group design. The sample in this study was 98 16-18 year old adolescents at State Senior High School 2 Bangkalan using non-random techniques. This study used a cooperative learning method with jenga for question cards. Respondents will take blocks on jenga if the respondent takes red then they will take a red question card and the respondent answers the question. Data on knowledge mastery of vegetable and fruit consumption were taken from multiple-choice tests and data on vegetable and fruit consumption attitudes using a Likert scale questionnaire. Because the data were not normally distributed, the data were analyzed by non-parametric statistics, namely Wilcoxon and Mann Whitney. The results showed that there was an increase in knowledge of 24 points and attitudes of 21.6 points after being given nutrition education.  The results of the bivariate test of the differences and effects of vegetable and fruit consumption nutrition education with jenga for question card media on the mastery of knowledge and attitudes have a p-value of 0.000. Vegetable and fruit consumption nutrition education with jenga for question card media has a significant effect on the mastery of Knowledge and Attitudes of 16-18 year old adolescents at State Senior High School 2 Bangkalan.

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly

This study aims to determine the effect of using audio-visual media in increasing students' interest in learning. Class V at SDN 002/IX Sekernan. The method used was classroom action research with two cycles, which involved observation and questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. questionnaires to measure changes in students' interest in learning. Data were analyzed using quantitative and qualitative descriptive statistical techniques, with focus on increasing student engagement and attention during the learning process. learning process. The results showed that the application of audio-visual media significantly increased students' interest in learning, with the percentage of interest increasing from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. increased from 56.1% in cycle I to 80.25% in cycle II. The increase This increase shows that audio-visual media is effective in creating a more interesting and enjoyable learning atmosphere. learning atmosphere that is more interesting and enjoyable, so that it can increase student students' participation and understanding of the subject matter. This research confirms that audio-visual media is one of the solutions to improve students' interest and learning outcomes significantly