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Chronic inflammation is a complex condition that involves the activation of the transcription factor NF-κB, which plays an important role in inducing the expression of proinflammatory genes such as TNF-α, IL-1β, and IL-6. Activation of this pathway is often associated with degenerative diseases, including cancer, cardiovascular disease, as well as metabolic disorders. Lycopene, the main carotenoid pigment in tomatoes, is known as a potent antioxidant with anti-inflammatory properties, but its epigenetic mechanism in the regulation of inflammatory gene expression is still a growing area of research. This article aims to review the recent literature on the role of lycopene as an epigenetic agent capable of modulating the expression of proinflammatory genes through epigenetic pathways associated with NF-KB. This research method uses a systematic literature review through PubMed, Google Scholar, and Scopus databases with a publication range of 2015–2025. The results of the study show that lycopene works through several important mechanisms. First, lycopene can affect DNA methylation in the promoter region of inflammatory genes by inhibiting the enzyme DNA methyltransferases (DNMT), which has an impact on decreased transcription of proinflammatory genes. Second, lycopene plays a role in histone modification, especially by inhibiting histone deacetylases (HDAC) thereby increasing histone acetylation of H3K9 in anti-inflammatory genes. Third, lycopene is able to regulate microRNA expression such as lowering miR-155 and miR-21 which strengthen the NF-κB pathway, while increasing miR-146a which plays a role in suppressing inflammation. Fourth, lycopene directly inhibits NF-κB activation by targeting IκB kinase (IKK), preventing IκB degradation, and lowering the translocation of the p65 subunit to the nucleus. With such a dual mechanism, tomato lycopene has the potential to be an effective nutraceutical agent for chronic inflammatory therapy.

Low back pain, also known as low back pain, is a common condition characterized by pain or discomfort in the lower back area, which is between the lower ribs and the buttock folds. This condition can be mild to severe, and can be temporary or chronic. One of the nonpharmacological methods that is often used to reduce the intensity of pain is ice packs. Ice packs are able to provide an analgesic effect by lowering local blood flow and reducing inflammation in the area experiencing pain. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of ice packs in reducing low back pain in office administration employees. The research design uses an experimental method with a one group pre-test–post-test design approach. The research sample consisted of 25 respondents who were administrative employees at the Helvetia Health Institute. Pain intensity measurements were taken before and after the administration of ice packs to determine the effect of this therapy on low back pain. The results showed a decrease in the intensity of low back pain with an average value before treatment of 51.63 and after treatment decreasing to 38.8. Statistical analysis yielded a significance value (p) of 0.004 < 0.05, which showed that ice packs had a significant effect on reducing low back pain in administrative employees. Regular application of ice packs can be a simple, safe, and effective intervention that can be done independently at home by employees to reduce pain. This study provides recommendations for health workers to promote ice pack therapy as a non-pharmacological pain relief method, especially for office workers who often experience low back pain due to static work positions.

According to Pathological Based Registration data in Indonesia, breast cancer ranks first with a relative frequency of 18.6%. In Central Java Province, the number of cancer cases has increased significantly over time. In 2010, there were 13,277 cases of cancer, and in 2015 this number increased to 18,954 cases. Of these, 6,899 cases were cervical cancer (35.13%), while 9,542 cases were breast cancer. One of the early detection methods of breast cancer that is easy to do independently is a breast self-examination or known as Sadari. The application of this Sadari method can help women to be more sensitive to changes in their breasts so that the risk of delays in cancer treatment can be minimized. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the demonstration method compared to video media in increasing adolescents' motivation to practice the Sadari method. The type of research used is quasi-experimental with pre-test and post-test design. The sampling technique was carried out by purposive sampling, with research instruments in the form of questionnaires consisting of items that are favorable and unfavorable. Data analysis was carried out using univariate and bivariate methods to determine the difference in motivation between the experimental groups. The results showed that in the group of the Sadari motivation experiment with video treatment, the significance value obtained was p = 0.000. The same was also shown in the group with the demonstration treatment, with a significance value of p = 0.000. Furthermore, the results of the Mann-Whitney test showed a significant value of 0.002. Since p < 0.05 (p = 0.002), it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in Sadari motivation between the video group and the demonstration. The average motivation score of the demonstration group (36.00) was higher than that of the video group (25.00), so the demonstration method was stated to be more effective in increasing Sadari's motivation.

This study aims to identify and compare the prevalence of eating disorders and body image disturbances among female athletes and non-athlete members of fitness clubs. Given the rising societal emphasis on physical appearance and performance, young women are increasingly exposed to unrealistic body ideals, potentially increasing the risk of psychological issues such as body dissatisfaction and disordered eating behaviors. The research employed a descriptive quantitative design involving 100 women aged 18–25 years, consisting of 50 athletes actively participating in competitive sports and 50 non-athletes who regularly attend fitness clubs for general health purposes. Data were collected using two standardized instruments: the Body Image Concern Inventory (BICI) to assess levels of body image disturbance, and the SCOFF questionnaire to screen for symptoms of eating disorders. Results indicated that 34% of female athletes reported high levels of body image disturbance, compared to only 2% of non-athletes. Additionally, symptoms of eating disorders were present in 54% of athletes, while 14% of non-athletes showed similar tendencies. Statistical analyses using Mann-Whitney U and independent samples t-tests confirmed a significant difference between the two groups (p < 0.05), suggesting that athletes may be at a higher risk for developing these psychological issues. These findings underscore the psychological pressures faced by female athletes, who are often required to maintain specific body standards to meet performance expectations. The study highlights the urgent need for preventive measures, including psychological support services and educational interventions that promote healthy body image and eating habits. Implementing such programs in both sports and general fitness environments can help reduce the prevalence of these disorders and foster a healthier relationship with body image among young women.

This study aims to determine the influence of marketing communications through Instagram on Generation Z's shopping interest in Makassar, with a focus on dyaozha clothing products. A qualitative approach was adopted, utilizing methods such as observation, documentation, and in-depth interviews with Generation Z consumers. The research participants included shop owners and followers of the dyaozha Instagram account. The findings reveal that marketing communications through Instagram—particularly through the use of engaging visual content, appealing design implementation, and active interaction—play a crucial role in shaping Generation Z's shopping interest. Instagram features such as Stories, Reels, interactive polls, and comment sections enable brands to connect more personally with potential buyers. Attention-grabbing content helps build initial interest, while endorsements and testimonials contribute to trust and credibility. Furthermore, consistent interaction between the brand and followers fosters emotional connection and brand loyalty. These factors collectively influence both interest and purchasing decisions among the Gen Z demographic. The study concludes that dyaozha’s strategic use of Instagram marketing communications has proven effective in influencing the shopping behavior of its target audience. Recommendations for dyaozha include the continuous optimization of Instagram's interactive features—such as Q&A sessions, behind-the-scenes content, and user-generated content campaigns—to sustain engagement and improve conversion rates. Additionally, it is suggested that dyaozha expands its reach by targeting broader market segments and utilizing data-driven content strategies to adapt to evolving consumer preferences. This research highlights the vital role of social media in modern marketing strategies, especially when targeting digitally native audiences like Generation Z.

This study examines the impact of preaching carried out by Gus Iqdam on the social and religious dynamics of the Karanggayam Blitar community. The presence of Gus Iqdam's preaching not only brings influence in the religious realm, but also creates new dynamics in the social realm of society. This study aims to determine the form of preaching carried out by Gus Iqdam, to determine the impact of Gus Iqdam's preaching on the social and religious life of the Karanggayam community, and to determine the factors that influence the level of acceptance and change in society towards Gus Iqdam's preaching. The method used in this study uses a qualitative approach with a case study type. The data collection technique is through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The data obtained are analyzed using data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study indicate that the form of Gus Iqdam's preaching in Karanggayam includes communicative delivery, preaching through personal examples, and empowerment of local congregations. This preaching has an impact on increasing religious awareness in society, forming a more religious environment, and encouraging more positive changes in social behavior. The factors that influence public acceptance of Gus Iqdam include public interest in Gus Iqdam's preaching, emotional closeness between Gus Iqdam and the community, the level of public acceptance of preaching, and Gus Iqdam's personality which is simple and easily accepted by the Karanggayam community.

This article discusses the dynamics of Islamic education during the Sultanate of Banten, an Islamic kingdom that developed since the 16th century and became one of the centers of Islamic civilization in the archipelago. Islamic education in Banten not only shapes the Islamic identity of the community, but also strengthens morality, social solidarity, and cultural resilience. Islamic boarding schools are the main pillars of education that integrate the teaching of religious science, character education, and socio-religious practices. The role of pesantren expands, not only as a learning center, but also as a da'wah institution that instills the values of independence, justice, and brotherhood in the midst of a multicultural society. Great scholars such as Sheikh Nawawi al-Bantani and Sheikh Yusuf al-Makassari have an important role in strengthening the scientific network between Banten, the Middle East, and the Islamic world. Their profound works in the fields of jurisprudence, Sufism, and morals had a great influence on the development of Islamic thought in Southeast Asia. The pesantren curriculum that focuses on the yellow book, with the teaching methods of sorogan, bandongan, and wetonan, produces students who are not only knowledgeable, but also disciplined, moral, and sensitive to social problems. The Dutch colonial period brought severe challenges with secular policies and restrictions on Islamic education. However, pesantren still exist as spiritual and intellectual fortresses. This success is supported by the ability of pesantren to develop economic independence and expand scientific networks through the overseas migration of students to various Islamic study centers abroad. Until now, Banten's Islamic education heritage has transformed into a modern Islamic boarding school that is able to combine classical traditions with technology and global insights. This study confirms that traditional Islamic education in Banten has a strategic role in shaping the social, spiritual, and identity structure of the Muslim community, which persists across generations.

Community-based servant leadership development has emerged as a critical approach for Christian nonprofit organizations seeking to cultivate authentic leaders who embody Christ-centered values. This study explores the integration of theological foundations from Mark 10:45 with Robert K. Greenleaf's servant leadership theory to develop a comprehensive model for leader formation within Christian nonprofit contexts. Employing a qualitative methodology with a library research design, data were collected from scholarly literature and theological sources, then analyzed using Miles and Huberman's interactive model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The research reveals a significant alignment between the core message of Mark 10:45—“For even the Son of Man did not come to be served, but to serve”—and the key principles of Greenleaf’s servant leadership, particularly the emphasis on selfless service, empathy, listening, and community building. Community plays a vital role as both a laboratory and an incubator for spiritual and leadership formation, where individuals can internalize leadership values through biblical teaching, mentorship, active religious practices, and shared life experiences. The study proposes a five-stage model: Foundation Building, Community Immersion, Skill Development, Practical Application, and Leadership Multiplication. This model serves as a strategic guide for Christian organizations to intentionally nurture servant leaders. Findings highlight improvements in character formation, organizational effectiveness, and the embodiment of servant leadership traits such as humility, sacrifice, and empathy. The study concludes with practical recommendations for implementation, including structured mentoring systems, the formation of communities of practice, and ongoing evaluation mechanisms. Ultimately, this integrated model supports the mission of Christian nonprofits by shaping leaders who advance both spiritual and social transformation.

This study aims to quantitatively test the effectiveness of a concrete object-based science learning strategy in improving students' understanding of abstract concepts and addressing their learning difficulties in science at the elementary school level. By implementing a quasi-experimental design, this study compared a group of students who learned science through real media and concrete objects and through contextual, hands-on experiences with a control group. The hypothesis in this study states that students in the experimental group will show a significant increase in their science concept understanding test scores, measurable development of critical thinking skills, and a decrease in their detected learning difficulties, when compared with the control group. The tools employed in this research included a standardized test for understanding science concepts, a rubric designed to evaluate critical thinking abilities, and a Likert-scale survey to gauge students' opinions on how difficult they found the material. The quantitative data collected will be examined using an independent t-test to compare the average scores of different groups and a paired t-test to measure progress within the experimental group. Preliminary findings indicate that complex and abstract science materials are often the main cause of learning difficulties for elementary school students, which is in line with the limitations in abstract reasoning at that age, as stated in Piaget's theory of cognitive development. Therefore, this concrete method is expected to significantly increase student participation, help them absorb new information into their existing understanding, and in turn, improve their learning outcomes. The results of this study will provide concrete evidence of the positive effects of using concrete media and direct experiences in science learning at the elementary school level, as well as provide data-based suggestions for curriculum development and better teaching practices to address gaps in students' understanding of abstract concepts.

This study aims to examine the influence of independent variables—Social Media, Pricing, and Promotion—on the dependent variable, Repurchase Decision, at Kedai Kopi Bersahaja. A quantitative research method was employed, utilizing multiple linear regression analysis with the assistance of SPSS 25 software. The population of the study consisted of 226 consumers, and a sample of 107 respondents was selected using incidental sampling techniques. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to visitors who had made at least one purchase at the coffee shop. The results of the analysis indicate that each independent variable—Social Media, Pricing, and Promotion—has a positive and statistically significant partial influence on the Repurchase Decision. Additionally, the variables collectively demonstrate a strong simultaneous influence, suggesting that an integrated marketing approach is crucial for fostering customer retention and encouraging repeat purchases. Among the three, Social Media showed the most dominant influence, emphasizing the growing role of digital presence and online engagement in shaping consumer preferences and purchasing patterns. Based on these findings, it is recommended that Kedai Kopi Bersahaja maximize the use of social media platforms such as Instagram, TikTok, and Facebook by creating engaging, relevant, and interactive content that resonates with the target audience. Content strategies may include customer testimonials, behind-the-scenes videos, product highlights, and limited-time offers. Pricing should be evaluated periodically to remain affordable yet profitable, considering both market competition and perceived customer value. Meanwhile, promotion efforts can be diversified through the use of loyalty programs, bundle offers, student discounts, and digital coupons. The synergy between these three marketing factors—if consistently and strategically applied—is expected to enhance customer loyalty, strengthen brand image, and significantly increase the likelihood of repurchase decisions. These efforts are essential for building sustainable business growth in the competitive food and beverage industry.

Digitalization has been a key catalyst for change in the global business landscape, driving the transformation of companies' strategies, organizational structures, and operational models. For small and medium enterprises (SMEs), digital technology opens up great opportunities to expand market reach and compete in the international arena more effectively. Technologies such as e-commerce, social media, big data analytics, and cloud-based platforms enable SMEs to break through geographical boundaries, facilitate access to global customers, and accelerate product distribution and marketing processes. This paper explores the current academic literature that discusses the influence of digital technology on the internationalization of SMEs. A total of five relevant studies were analyzed to identify common patterns, challenges, and successful strategies in the use of digital technology. The results of the study show that the adoption of digitalization not only improves operational cost efficiency, but also encourages business model innovation, such as digital platform-based marketing, cross-border virtual collaboration, and the development of a more adaptive global business ecosystem. In addition, the ability to utilize digital technology gives SMEs a competitive advantage through access to real-time market information, personalization of offers, and more targeted branding strategies. However, the research also found obstacles, such as limited human resources, technological infrastructure, and digital literacy among SMEs. Therefore, synergy is needed between business actors, the government, and academia to support the acceleration of digital technology adoption through training, mentoring, and policies that support innovation. The paper also highlights future research opportunities, such as the integration of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies, automation, and blockchain in supporting the global expansion of SMEs. These findings are expected to be a strategic reference in designing sustainable internationalization policies in the digital era.

Every air traveler needs to understand the importance of dangerous goods. By understanding the nature and risks of these items, precautions can be taken to prevent accidents and ensure safe travel for all. In practice, numerous passengers have experienced delays at security checkpoints due to carrying prohibited or restricted items such as lighters, sharp tools like scissors, aerosols, and high-capacity power banks. These incidents not only disrupt airport operations but also highlight gaps in public awareness regarding aviation safety regulations.This study aims to examine the influence of knowledge about dangerous goods on flight safety, with a focus on passengers traveling through El-Tari Airport in Kupang, East Nusa Tenggara. A quantitative research method was employed by distributing 100 structured questionnaires to respondents using purposive sampling, targeting passengers with prior flight experience. Data analysis techniques included simple linear regression, T-tests, and the coefficient of determination (R²) to assess the relationship between knowledge levels and safety behavior. The findings show that knowledge about dangerous goods (variable X) significantly influences passenger safety behavior (variable Y), evidenced by a p-value of 0.000. This indicates a strong and positive correlation, where better knowledge leads to more responsible behavior during air travel. The R-square value of 0.530 suggests that 53% of variations in safety behavior can be explained by knowledge, while the remaining 47% may be influenced by other factors such as attitudes, past experiences, signage visibility, and staff communication.These findings underscore the urgent need for intensified public education efforts at airports through visual campaigns, digital information, and pre-flight reminders. Improving passenger knowledge about dangerous goods can significantly enhance overall flight safety and reduce the risk of delays or violations. Future research could explore the role of demographic factors or the effectiveness of current educational strategies.

This study aims to examine one of the disciplines of Islamic law, namely the pricing mechanism from the perspective of Imam Al-Ghazali, in order to create a healthy market environment free from monopolistic practices and manipulation, and aligned with Sharia principles. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using a literature study method by reviewing various relevant books, classical texts, articles, and academic journals related to Islamic economics and Imam Al-Ghazali’s thought. The findings indicate that the concept of fair pricing is not solely dependent on the interaction between supply and demand, but must also consider moral and social dimensions, such as justice, honesty, and public welfare. Imam Al-Ghazali strongly emphasized that economic transactions should uphold ethical standards and social responsibility to prevent exploitation and inequality. He argued that pricing must reflect not only market dynamics but also the broader ethical framework rooted in Islamic values. Furthermore, the study explores the concept of economic equilibrium in relation to pricing mechanisms, where prices should ideally balance individual interests with communal welfare. The research also discusses the correlation between economic balance and price-setting policies, including the views of other classical and contemporary Islamic scholars. It is found that state intervention is permissible in certain conditions—particularly when market mechanisms fail to ensure fairness—thus justifying government roles in market supervision and price stabilization. One of the key concepts in Islamic economics is the notion of a just price (al-thaman al-‘adl), as emphasized by Imam Al-Ghazali.. This study concludes that understanding pricing from Al-Ghazali’s perspective offers valuable insights for building ethical and socially responsible economic systems aligned with Islamic teachings.

Livestock cultivation aims to meet the needs of animal food and improve the standard of living of farmers. Some of the factors that need to be considered in livestock cultivation include the selection of superior seeds, feed management, disease prevention and treatment, cages that meet standards, and marketing of livestock products. Livestock is one of the five agricultural subsectors where livestock is a cultivation or maintenance activity with the aim of benefiting from these activities. This study uses a type of quantitative research. The variables studied consisted of intensive maintenance costs and broiler profits. The population used in this study is all breeders in Nagan Raya Regency, each farm has different abilities and number of livestock. Therefore, the population used is all farmers with an intensive maintenance system in 5 sub-districts of Nagan Raya Regency, namely 12 chicken farmers. Because of the small number of populations, the sample in this study is the entire population. The data sources in this study consist of primary data and secondary data. In this study, quantitative analysis uses  the Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) version 26 computer program, because with this program analysis can be carried out quickly, and produce more accurate outputs. And the data analysis model used in this study is a simple linear regression method. The results of this study are that intensive maintenance costs incurred by broiler farmers have a very good influence on increasing profits from farmers' crops. Because with an intensive system the growth of chickens is more uniform and the deaths that occur in broilers can be avoided.

The Rice Bowl (Nasi Mangkok) culinary business in Indonesia has experienced rapid growth after the COVID-19 pandemic and has become a key part of the modern food industry, meeting consumer demand for convenience and taste. Since 2020, rice bowl sales have continued to rise annually, driven by shifting consumption habits toward food delivery services like GoFood and GrabFood. Despite this trend, academic studies on the rice bowl business remain limited. Classified as convenience food, rice bowl consumption has increased by over 10% from 2019 to the projected figures in 2025. Sales volume has risen from 1.5 billion portions in 2020 to over 3 billion in 2025, with an annual growth rate of 10–15% and estimated revenues between IDR 15–20 trillion per year. With rising demand, many rice bowl brands have entered the market. However, consumers often struggle to decide which brand to choose, as purchasing decisions are influenced by multiple factors. This study analyzes consumer behavior influencing rice bowl purchasing decisions, focusing on cultural, social, psychological, and personal factors, with a case study in Sidoarjo Regency, East Java. Using an explanatory research design, the study surveyed 161 consumers across four sales locations.The F-test results show that all four variables simultaneously have a significant positive effect on purchasing decisions (at the 99% confidence level). However, the t-test results reveal that the cultural factor (X1) negatively influences purchasing decisions, while social, psychological, and personal factors have a positive impact. Among these, the psychological factor (X3) is the most dominant, highlighting the importance of consumer motivation and perception in shaping buying behavior. Enhancing this factor can support the sustainable growth of rice bowl businesses in Sidoarjo.

The phenomenon of online gambling has become a serious problem in various regions, including West Aceh Regency. data on cases handled by the West Aceh District Syar'iyah Court in the period 2021 to 2024 shows a significant increase in cases. Online gambling as part of jarimah maisir has different characteristics from conventional forms of gambling, namely digital, hidden, cross-regional, and difficult to detect by the naked eye by law enforcement officials and the general public. The problems in this study are How is the application of qanun jinayat law against online gambling offenders in the jurisdiction of the West Aceh District Syar'iyah Court, What are the obstacles faced in applying the law to online gambling offenders based on qanun jinayat law, and What are the efforts to prevent online gambling violations in the West Aceh area. This research uses empirical legal methods with a field research approach and case studies. The results showed that the application of Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Jinayat Law against online gambling offenders was in accordance with the procedures of jinayat law, but its implementation was still not optimal. The Syar'iyah Court has handled a number of cases, but the number is not proportional to the potential violations. The main obstacles include limited regional authority in blocking sites, lack of digital forensic experts, absence of district-level cyber units, and weak coordination between agencies. Prevention is carried out through digital education by DISKOMINSA, thematic dakwah by the Islamic Sharia Office, as well as the Gampong Tolak Judi Online programme involving the community and the formation of the Gampong Pageu Task Force.

Empowerment is the process of increasing the capacity and independence of individuals and groups so they can develop optimally. Empowerment of UMKM is important because of their strategic role in supporting national economic growth. However, UMKM still face various problems such as legality, capital, marketing, and managerial skills. To support this effort, PLUT was established at the initiative of the Batam City Government to encourage UMKM to move up a class. PLUT Batam City plays an important role through strategic services such as consulting, business mentoring, legal facilitation, training, product and packaging development, as well as promotion and marketing. This study uses a qualitative method with interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The theory used is the Van Meter and Van Horn implementation model which includes six variables: policy objectives, resources, communication, implementer characteristics, socio-economic conditions, and implementer attitudes. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the PLUT program in empowering UMKM in Batam City.

Distribution is the process of moving, managing, and storing goods from suppliers to customers in the supply chain. This process includes not only the delivery of raw materials from suppliers to manufacturers, but also the distribution of finished products to the end consumer. Distribution plays an important role in a company's profitability because it affects operational costs, delivery efficiency, and perceived value by customers. Successful well-managed distribution will increase customer satisfaction and strengthen the company's competitiveness in the market. PT. XYZ is one of the LPG distributors that provides 3 kg cylinders. This company serves a variety of consumers, ranging from households, small businesses, to retailers, with a coverage of distribution areas in Serang City. The distribution process is carried out based on sales orders and needs in 14 bases, where each base has a different level of demand according to consumer needs. However, PT. XYZ faces obstacles in achieving the optimal level of service, where the average service level only reaches 97.40%. An imbalance between inventory and demand at the base often leads to an oversupply or understock, resulting in backorders on some demands. This condition has a negative impact on customer satisfaction and overall distribution effectiveness. To overcome this problem, PT. XYZ developed a distribution dashboard by applying the Distribution Requirements Planning (DRP) method. Through this approach, distribution planning becomes more systematic, base needs can be met appropriately, and stocks can be managed more effectively. This dashboard also supports delivery scheduling and more coordinated marketing activities. The results of the implementation of the DRP dashboard in 2023 show a significant increase with a service level that has successfully reached 99%, minimizing backorders, and increasing customer trust and satisfaction.

This study investigates the potential role of the Jakarta Islamic Index (JII) as a hedging instrument and safe haven asset against the Indonesia Composite Index (IHSG) during the period from January 2020 to April 2025, a time characterized by elevated market volatility. The main objective is to determine whether sharia-compliant stocks in Indonesia offer diversification benefits during periods of financial stress. Utilizing daily closing prices converted into log returns, the study employs the Asymmetric Dynamic Conditional Correlation Generalized Autoregressive Conditional Heteroskedasticity (A-DCC GARCH) model to capture time-varying correlations between JII and IHSG. Prior to applying the model, standard diagnostic tests were performed to ensure data quality, including tests for stationarity, autocorrelation, and ARCH effects.Empirical results reveal a persistently high correlation between IHSG and JII, with an average of 0.826 and values exceeding 0.95 during periods of market turbulence. These findings indicate that JII does not fulfill the characteristics of a hedge or safe haven asset. A robustness analysis using extended data from 2010 to mid-2025 further supports the conclusion, showing the continued presence of strong comovement between the two indices across different market regimes. This suggests a structural relationship rather than one driven solely by crisis events. The high correlation may be attributed to overlapping index constituents and similar investor responses to market shocks. These results challenge the prevailing notion that Islamic indices inherently offer protection during downturns. As such, investors seeking to mitigate portfolio risk may need to look beyond domestic sharia equities and consider broader asset classes or international diversification. Future research is encouraged to explore cross-market and multi-asset safe haven properties, especially in the context of emerging economies.

The design of Lecturer Housing for Campus 4 Gorontalo State University is a strategic necessity in line with the expansion of educational institutions and the increasing number of educators requiring adequate and proximate housing. The primary objective of this research is to produce a lecturer housing design that is not only adaptive and sustainable, but also harmonized with the Regional Spatial Plan (RTRW) of Bone Bolango Regency. The research methodology encompasses a comprehensive site analysis, examining aspects such as climate conditions, topography, vegetation patterns, infrastructure and utility networks, ambient noise levels, and site accessibility. Furthermore, a zoning and spatial relationship study was conducted to determine effective space allocation based on the principles of tropical architecture and green building practices. The findings of the study highlight that a north-south building orientation significantly reduces heat absorption, while the integration of cross-ventilation strategies enhances natural airflow and thermal comfort. Spatial zoning into public, semi-public, private, and service areas allows for organized layouts and promotes social interaction among residents. Sustainability is reinforced through the application of green architectural technologies, including the use of green concrete, lightweight steel frameworks, solar energy panels, as well as integrated waste-water management systems that separate black water and grey water. Landscaping elements, both softscape and hardscape, are utilized to enhance aesthetics while supporting ecological balance and rainwater absorption. This design proposal contributes to the broader discourse of sustainable tropical housing and may serve as a replicable model for future lecturer housing projects in similar regional contexts. It emphasizes the importance of environmentally responsive, cost-efficient, and socially supportive residential architecture.