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the liberation of the Israelites from slavery in Egypt, marking God's intervention in the history of His people and the beginning of a new grain harvest. On the other hand, Easter marks the resurrection of Jesus Christ, a symbol of victory over sin and death, and the culmination of salvation provided through His sacrifice on the cross. In this context, the Eucharist becomes an important sacrament symbolizing the body and Passover and Easter have deep meanings in their respective religious traditions. Passover (Pesach) celebrates blood of Christ. The bread, as a symbol of His broken body, and the cup, as a symbol of His shed blood, remind Christians of God's infinite sacrifice and love. However, in the early days of Christianity, the practice of the Eucharist was often misunderstood, leading to accusations of cannibalism against Christians. This misunderstanding arose because the terms "body" and "blood" were interpreted literally by outsiders. To counter these accusations, Christian apologists, such as Justin Martyr and Tertullian, attempted to provide a theological explanation for the symbolism, emphasizing that the Eucharist was a spiritual and not a physical act. Thus, both Easter and the Eucharist reflect the profound themes of liberation and hope, as well as the importance of a correct understanding of the symbolism of Christian teaching to avoid harmful misunderstandings. This shows that a proper understanding of religious traditions can strengthen faith and strengthen relationships among believers.

The World Council of Churches (DGD) has played an important role in facilitating unity among its member churches since its founding in 1948. Through the ecumenical movement, the DGD encouraged churches to participate in social and spiritual issues, especially post-World War II. The organization strengthens solidarity between denominations, helps churches face modern challenges, and advocates for social justice and peace. With its broad membership, the DGD is a forum for churches to unite in a common mission for the glory of God.

In the calling of believers, the meaning of spiritual life refers to a strong relationship between a person and their faith, which influences their actions, values, and life goals. Spiritual life is not just about personal piety; it is also an essential part of a believer’s mission, ministry, and relationship with God. It is a journey of transformation that encourages believers to align their lives with divine will and to actively participate in the wider community of faith. This calling encourages believers to pursue their purpose, encouraging moral progress, spiritual maturity, and a sense of responsibility toward others. By living a spiritual life, a person can gain a better understanding of the believer’s place in this world and how they can live according to God’s design.

Freedom of religion is a fundamental and internationally recognized human right, serving as an important foundation in creating a just society. This article explores religious freedom through the perspective of the encyclical Pacem in Terris issued by Pope John XXIII in 1963. In the document, the Pope affirms the right of every individual to worship God according to his conscience, both in private and in public. Although this freedom is guaranteed by the Indonesian constitution, its implementation often faces serious challenges such as intolerance and discrimination against minority groups. This article aims to examine the concept of religious freedom in the context of Pacem in Terris , focusing on articles 14, 35 and 36 of the encyclical, and its relevance to the current socio-political situation. Through an in-depth textual analysis of the encyclical and related literature, this article shows that the teachings of Pope John XXIII can serve as a guideline for strengthening tolerance and mutual respect among religious communities in Indonesia. Thus, this study is expected to contribute to a deeper understanding of religious freedom as part of human rights and the role of the state in ensuring its implementation.

The Reformation led by Martin Luther in the 16th century was one of the most influential events in the history of the church and the Christian world. This research aims to analyze the impact of Martin Luther’s Reformation on the church and the Christian world as a whole. Luther, through his 95 Theses, challenged the authority of the Catholic Church, particularly regarding the sale of indulgences, and emphasized the doctrines of salvation by faith alone (sola fide) and the authority of Scripture alone (sola scriptura). The result of this movement was the emergence of Protestant Christian denominations, a deep division between Catholicism and Protestantism, and reforms within the Catholic Church known as the Counter-Reformation. This study employs historical methods, analyzing relevant primary and secondary documents to understand the theological, social, and political impacts of Luther’s Reformation. The Reformation also brought significant changes in education, liturgical languages, and the church’s role in the socio-political life of European society. Overall, Martin Luther’s Reformation triggered a transformation in the structure of the church and Christian society that persists into the modern era.

This research aims to provide guidance and guidance for counselors in assisting teenagers who intend to commit suicide, both in cases of broken homes and other cases. The focus of the research is suicide experienced by a teenager in a broken home case in Parbuluan III village. This research uses a qualitative method with a case study method for teenagers from broken homes who intend to commit suicide. Data collection was carried out through interviews with the three teenagers, the teenagers' families and friends of the teenagers, observation of data sources and documentation. The problems experienced are teenagers with broken homes, including parents who are divorced/separated, one parent dies, experiencing physical violence from a single parent mother and parents who are separated, giving up responsibility for the teenager's life. Cases of broken homes in teenagers give rise to suicidal intentions which are caused by several factors, namely family factors, social factors, economic factors, psychological factors and spiritual factors. That is why this case resulted in sad and angry emotions in teenagers who intended to commit suicide. In this case, it was carried out using medication, namely behavioral dialectical therapy using an emotional regulation module. The techniques used through emotional regulation are understanding and naming emotions, reducing the frequency of unwanted emotions to stop them and changing unwanted emotions, increasing resilience by managing positive emotional thoughts and reducing emotional suffering, namely managing emotions so as not to make the situation worse when emotional. painful to control someone. This research provides an understanding ofhow medication can prevent the suicidal intentions of broken home teenagers with behavioral dialectical therapy so that it produces a positive impact, namely self-acceptance of a new family, teenagers are more confident and committed to living a better life.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of the Think Talk Write Cooperative Type model on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Character Education of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong in the 2024/2025 Academic Year. The method used in this study is a quantitative research method. The population is all Christian students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong in the 2024/2025 Academic Year totaling 222 people and a sample of 55 people was determined, namely 25% of the population using random sampling techniques. Data were collected with a positive questionnaire of 40 items, namely 25 items for variable X and 15 items for variable Y. The results of the data analysis showed that there was an influence of the Cooperative Think Talk Write Type model on the motivation to learn Christian Religious Education and Character Education of Class VIII Students of SMP Negeri 2 Siborongborong in the 2024/2025 Academic Year as evidenced by the following data analysis: 1) Analysis requirements test: a) positive relationship test obtained rxy value = 0.584> rtable ( = 0.05, n = 55) = 0.226. b) Significant relationship test obtained tcount = 5.232> ttable ( = 0.05, dk = n-2 = 53) = 2,000. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained regression equation . b) Regression determination coefficient test (r2) = 34.1%. 3) Hypothesis testing using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable = ( = 0.05, df numerator k = 25, df denominator = n-2 = 55-2 = 53) which is 27.26 > 1.39. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.

This study aims to: (1) analyze the profile of science literacy ability of junior high school students in general; (2) analyzing the learning style of junior high school students; and (3) analyze the science literacy abilities of junior high school students based on their learning style tendencies. This type of research is survey research with a descriptive approach. The data analysis technique used is quantitative descriptive analysis, where the data results will be presented in the form of pie charts and tables to facilitate the interpretation of the information obtained. Respondents in this study were selected through cluster sampling techniques, with a population consisting of all students of SMP Negeri 1 Singkawang. The data collection technique uses two main instruments, namely the science literacy ability test and a questionnaire to measure the tendency of students' learning styles in physics learning. The learning styles identified refer to the VARK (Visual, Auditory, Reading/Writing, and Kinesthetic) model, as well as the grouping between unimodal and multimodal learning styles. The results showed that the multimodal learning style was more dominant (61%) compared to the unimodal learning style (39%). Among the multimodal categories, the quadmodal learning style (using all four aspects of VARK) occupies the largest portion. In addition, it was found that 1 in 3 students had a complete VARK learning style tendency, making it the most common type. Based on further analysis, students with multimodal learning styles—especially quadmodal—have higher average science literacy skills compared to students who have only one type of learning style modality. These findings show that the diversity of learning approaches can have a positive impact on the mastery of science literacy.

This study aims to: 1) describe the metacognitive awareness profile of students in physics learning, 2) describe the science process skills profile of students in physics learning, and 3) analyze the relationship between metacognitive awareness and students' science process skills in physics learning. This research used a quantitative approach with descriptive data analysis techniques and a causal research design. The population of the study consisted of 120 students from SMP Negeri 20 Singkawang, with a sample selected using saturated sampling techniques. Data collection was performed using two instruments: the Metacognitive Awareness Inventory (MAI), which includes 45 statements, and a science process skills test consisting of 14 multiple-choice questions designed to evaluate core cognitive competencies. The findings of the study indicated that: 1) the metacognitive awareness of students in grades VIIIA, VIIIB, VIIIC, and VIIID was categorized as high, 2) the science process skills of students in grades VIIIA, VIIIB, VIIIC, and VIIID were also categorized as high based on overall performance metrics, and 3) there was no significant relationship between metacognitive awareness and students' science process skills. Based on these results, the hypothesis test concluded that there is no significant relationship between metacognitive awareness and science process skills, suggesting that the correlation between the two variables is low. This study contributes to understanding the profiles of metacognitive awareness and science process skills in physics learning, as well as their lack of correlation, which can serve as a basis for further research and the development of innovative strategies to improve both aspects in future physics education.

This study aims to analyze the effect of communication (X1), work environment (X2), and workload (X3) on job satisfaction (Y) among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. Job satisfaction is a crucial factor influencing employee performance and productivity; therefore, understanding the factors that affect it is essential for the company’s sustainability and growth. This research employs a quantitative approach with a saturated sampling technique, in which the entire population is used as the sample. The total number of respondents in this study was 30 employees. The analytical method used was path analysis with the assistance of SPSS version 22 software. The results show that the communication variable (X1) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This indicates that effective, clear, and open communication between management and employees can enhance employees’ satisfaction with their jobs. Furthermore, the work environment variable (X2) also has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.000. This finding suggests that a safe, comfortable, and supportive work environment, both physically and non-physically, plays a vital role in shaping employees’ positive perceptions of their work. In addition, the workload variable (X3) has a significant effect on job satisfaction (Y), with a significance value of 0.009. This means that a proportional workload, in accordance with employees’ capabilities, can improve job satisfaction, whereas excessive workloads may reduce it. Overall, this study concludes that communication, work environment, and workload have a significant effect on job satisfaction among employees at PT Indomarco Prismatama. The implication of this study is that management should continuously improve the quality of communication, create a conducive work environment, and establish a balanced workload to maintain and enhance employee job satisfaction.

This study aims to examine the influence of pricing, promotion, and service quality improvement on the sales level in the telecommunications services of PT Sinergi Inti Andalan Prima, Tbk, located in Meruya Ilir, West Jakarta. The research adopts a quantitative approach using primary data obtained through the distribution of structured questionnaires. The population in this study consists of all permanent employees of the company, totaling 35 individuals. Given the relatively small population, a saturated sampling technique was applied, making all members of the population the research sample. Data were analyzed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 25. The analysis process involved validity and reliability testing, classical assumption testing, and hypothesis testing through multiple linear regression analysis to determine the effect of each independent variable—pricing, promotion, and service quality improvement—on the dependent variable, sales level. The findings reveal that pricing has a significant positive effect on the sales level, indicating that appropriate and competitive pricing strategies can enhance sales performance. Similarly, service quality improvement also shows a significant positive influence on sales level, suggesting that better service delivery directly contributes to increased customer satisfaction and sales outcomes. Conversely, the study finds that promotion does not have a significant effect on sales level in this case. This may be due to promotional activities not being optimally targeted, lacking sufficient frequency, or failing to deliver persuasive messages to the intended market segment. Overall, the results highlight the importance of focusing on competitive pricing strategies and continuous improvement in service quality as key drivers of sales growth in the telecommunications sector. The study recommends that PT Sinergi Inti Andalan Prima, Tbk prioritize these two aspects while reevaluating its promotional strategies to ensure better alignment with customer needs and market conditions.

This study aims to investigate the role of Pancasila and Islamic Religious Education (PAI) as a foundation for cultivating a legal culture within Indonesian society through the lens of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory. The motivation for this research arises from the low levels of legal awareness and compliance, which reveal a gap between existing legal norms and the social behaviors of the populace. The research employs a qualitative method with both conceptual and sociological approaches, which examines the fusion of Pancasila values and Islamic teachings in fostering internal and collective legal awareness. The findings indicate that Pancasila, as the foundational state philosophy, holds normative values that align with the principles of Islamic teachings in PAI, particularly in promoting social ethics and legal responsibility. Within the framework of Islamic Sociological Jurisprudence Theory, law is perceived not only as normative rules but also as a sociocultural phenomenon shaped by religious values and traditions. This integration can lead to a deeper legal consciousness, thereby encouraging compliance with the law that stems not from coercion but from the moral and religious awareness of the community. Hence, the collaboration between Pancasila, PAI, and the sociological approach of Islam proves to be an effective strategy for establishing a lasting legal culture in Indonesia.

Indonesia is undergoing a transformative era in vocational education, pushed by the integration of technology-driven, project-based learning (PJBL) methodologies and Learning Management Systems (LMS). This comprehensive study examines the implementation and effectiveness of technology-driven project-based learning at SMK Cut Nya' Dien, utilizing a quasi-experimental design with 35 students divided into experimental and control groups. Using SPSS statistical analysis, the research demonstrates significant improvements in student learning outcomes, creativity measures, and engagement levels in the experimental group that utilized Google Classroom LMS with project-based learning approaches. This study is contributing to the growing body of literature supporting the efficacy of technology-integrated pedagogical methods in vocational education settings, providing empirical evidence for policy makers and educational practitioners seeking to enhance graduate employability and industry alignment. Results revealed statistically significant differences between groups (t (33) = 4.852, p = 0.0003) with a very large effect size (Cohen's d = 1.67), indicating substantial practical significance for educational implementation.

This study aims to analyze the ability of students at SMPN 7 Cempaga to read the Qur'an. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data was collected through observation, in-depth interviews, and documentation of 10 seventh-grade students, Islamic Education teachers, the Deputy Head of Student Affairs, and the Principal. The results of the study indicate that the absence of a program to encourage Quran reading at school, limited time for religious education, and a lack of support and guidance from parents are the main factors contributing to the students' low ability to read the Quran. Additionally, limited facilities such as the availability of Quran manuscripts at home and an unsupportive social environment further exacerbate the situation. These findings emphasize the need for collaboration between schools, families, and the community in fostering sustainable Quran reading habits, through the implementation of special programs at school, enhancing parental involvement, and providing adequate learning facilities. With collective efforts, it is hoped that students' Quran reading skills will develop optimally and support character development and the quality of religious education at SMPN 7 Cempaga.

The Strengthening the Pancasila Learner Profile (P5) project is one of the government decisions No. 56/M/2022 related to implementing the Merdeka Curriculum. The P5 programme is structured with a project-based learning approach. SMP Negeri 10 Banjarbaru is one of the schools that actively supports implementing the P5 Programme. This research covers the evaluation of the P5 programme at SMP Negeri 10 Banjarbaru which takes the theme "Entrepreneurship" with the name "Market Day" and the creative dimension as a reference. Evaluation is needed to determine the success of programme implementation. The success of the P5 programme is not sufficiently measured only by the reflection stage but requires a systematic and comprehensive evaluation. This study aimed to determine the programme evaluation process and the success of P5 implementation based on the four aspects of the CIPP evaluation model (Context, Input, Process, Product). A qualitative descriptive approach was used in the research process. The results showed that the P5 programme at SMP Negeri 10 Banjarbaru had been implemented well and was successful overall, and could be continued. However, there are still obstacles such as the lack of participation of students. Therefore, it is suggested that the school provide an understanding of the importance of the P5 programme to students as well as cooperate in establishing communication with parents to support the implementation of the programme in the future. Keywords: Evaluation, Pancasila Students, CIPP Model.

Creativity is the fundamental trait a teacher has to have.  Creative teachers can be recognized by their capacity to use several approaches and modify instructional methods to fit other learning environments.  This study intends to investigate the imaginative techniques used by Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers to inspire students' enthusiasm in memorizing short surahs at the elementary school level, also to know the supporting factors of it.  To capture the lived experiences of participants, a qualitative research design using a phenomenological method was applied.  In-depth interviews with Islamic Religious Education teachers, three students, and two parents yielded primary data.  These interviews aimed to collect ideas on the teachers' inventiveness in creating interesting memorizing exercises, their strategies for inspiring pupils, and the obstacles they face. The results show that students' motivation is much improved by the regular application of the muraja'ah (revision) technique in weekly memorization exercises.  Encouraging students' desire to memorize brief surahs was the inventiveness of PAI teachers.  The study also emphasizes, therefore, that the effectiveness of these memorization exercises at SDN Gulun 3 is significantly influenced by parental support and good rivalry among students.  These elements working together produce a synergistic environment that motivates pupils to be more dedicated and eager in learning brief surahs. Keywords: Creativity, Islamic Religious Education (PAI), Muraja’ah Method.

This qualitative study investigates the relational tools used by Vietnamese EFL teachers in higher education, a critical yet underexplored aspect in the field of language education. Focusing on the perspectives of nine Vietnamese EFL teachers from two institutions, representing various career stages (novice, mid-career, and near-end), this research provides in-depth insights into the strategies employed to build and maintain effective teacher-student relationships. Employing semi-structured interviews, the study revealed three key themes: building rapport through personalized learning, nurturing a supportive classroom environment, and emphasis on empathy and understanding. These themes highlight the importance of tailoring teaching to individual student needs, creating inclusive and supportive classroom atmospheres, and employing empathy in understanding student challenges. The findings underscore the role of relational pedagogy and sociocultural theory in enhancing the effectiveness of EFL teaching and learning. The study also sheds light on the unique context of Vietnamese higher education, where cultural nuances play a significant role in the dynamics of language education. This study contributes to the broader discourse on EFL teaching methodologies, emphasizing the critical role of teacher-student relationships in successful language acquisition.

Cultural communication plays an important role in maintaining and preserving the values of traditional marine education. In this context, cultural communication serves as a bridge to maintain traditional values while adapting them to the dynamics of the times in the era of modern life, especially the Mandar sailors on Kerayaan Island who have long been known for their maritime traditions inherent in their daily lives. This study aims to analyze the impact of modernization on the traditional practices and maritime cultural identity of the Mandar community. In addition, this study also presents the fact that not only the Bugis tribe is known as reliable sailors in the region, but the Mandar tribe also has a long history as accomplished sailors. The method used in the research uses a qualitative approach with the type of ethnographic research. The data was collected through direct observation in the field and in-depth interviews with local communities. Social change analysis is used as a theoretical framework to understand the maritime cultural transformation that occurs. This research shows that the entry of modern technology has slowly but surely changed the way of life of the Mandar seafaring community. Various cultural symbols that exist today are more widely used for economic purposes only, no longer as a cultural identity that is upheld. This study provides a real picture of how this change at least gives hope, that there will be no total death of traditional sized, there will always be adjustment, imaging and re-creation of new traditional authorities. The ability to survive this tradition is at least quite justified because the emergence of tradition always presupposes the presence of a 'regime of representatives' who has the authority to interpret the symbols and sacred texts of tradition for the purpose of legitimacy of power through cultural communication. Keywords: Mandar Tribe; Culture; Technological Modernization, Social Change

Improving student discipline is one of the main challenges in the education system. This study explores the application of persuasive communication patterns in improving the discipline of high school students in West Bandung with the SPEAKING approach from Dell Hymes. This approach identifies relevant communication components, including settings, participants, goals, and norms, to produce more effective interactions between teachers and students. This study uses qualitative methods with in-depth interviews and participant observations to analyze the application of persuasive communication strategies in the school environment. The results of the study indicate that the Persuasive communication pattern is able to build more harmonious relationships, foster intrinsic motivation, and increase student compliance with school regulations.

This study was motivated by the challenges society faced in filtering valid information in the digital era, especially among young people. The YouTube channel @gurugembul played an important role in improving media literacy through the delivery of interactive educational content. The purpose of this study was to analyze how the @gurugembul YouTube channel delivered educational information using an interactive virtual communication approach. The method used was a qualitative approach with a case study design, which involved interviews with content creators and document analysis of the videos produced. The findings showed that the @gurugembul YouTube channel successfully selected relevant topics and presented them in a relaxed and easily understandable communication style, which encouraged active audience participation. The study concluded that interactive and educational communication approaches enhanced the audience's understanding of important social issues. This research contributed to the field of education by providing insights into the use of digital platforms in the learning process and effective communication strategies to improve media literacy among young people. Recommendations for further research were also made, focusing on the long-term impact of audience interaction with educational content.