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The Professional Work Lecture (KKP) at the Makassar Class I Prison aims to support the process of fostering Correctional Assisted Citizens (WBP) through recreational activities based on fun games. This program was implemented in response to the condition of WBPs who often experience boredom, psychological stress, and limitations in positive activities during the coaching period. This study uses a descriptive approach with data collection techniques in the form of questionnaires, observations, and interviews involving 30 WBPs, to identify needs and evaluate the impact of the implementation of activities. Fun games activities are carried out through several stages, namely planning, preparation, implementation, and evaluation, by adjusting the conditions and rules that apply in the prison environment. The results of the implementation show that this activity is able to create a more positive atmosphere, increase a sense of togetherness, and help WBP in expressing and managing emotions in a healthier way. The results of the post-activity survey showed that 19 WBPs stated that they were very satisfied and 18 WBPs felt very happy after participating in fun games. Thus, fun games activities have proven to be effective as a coaching strategy that supports the improvement of the psychological welfare of WBP and can be used as an alternative to non-formal coaching programs in correctional institutions.

This systematic literature review examines research trends in problem-based learning (PBL) within blended learning contexts by analyzing 64 peer-reviewed articles from Scopus database published between2020-2024. Using PRISMA methodology, this study identifies key patterns including the dominance of medical education contexts (71.9%), the significant impact of COVID-19 pandemic on pedagogical innovations, and the prevalence of experimental research designs (34.4%). Findings reveal that blended learning emerged as the most researched approach (61%), followed by online/distance learning (23%) and flipped classroom models (11%). The analysis indicates increasing publication trends in 2022 and 2024, with Education Sciences and BMC Medical Education as leading publication venues. This review highlights research gaps in engineering and technology education contexts, limited exploration of long-term learning outcomes, and insufficient mixed-methods studies. These findings provide valuable insights for educators, researchers, and policymakers in designing effective learning strategies that integrate problem-based and blended learning approaches in diverse educational settings.

This study aims to examine the development of Islam during the Umayyad Dynasty as one of the important periods in the history of Islamic civilization. The main focus of the discussion is directed at the process of the emergence of Muawiyah ibn Abi Sufyan as the first caliph of the Umayyad Dynasty and his efforts to establish dynastic power after the Islamic Civil War (Fitnah Kubra). The Umayyad Dynasty played a strategic role in the transformation of the Islamic government system from an elective caliphate to a hereditary monarchy, while simultaneously expanding the territory of Islam to various regions. This study uses a literature review method with a historiographic approach, namely examining and analyzing relevant classical and modern historical sources. The results show that during the Umayyad Dynasty, Islam experienced significant developments in the aspects of politics, government administration, military, and culture. However, internal political dynamics, conflicts over the legitimacy of power, and dissatisfaction of certain groups also contributed to weakening the stability of the dynasty. This study also describes the process of decline of the Umayyad Dynasty until its eventual collapse and replacement by the Abbasid Dynasty.

This research is motivated by the existence of factors that influence employee performance in a company. The aim of this study is to determine the influence of extrinsic motivation, self-efficacy, and work-life balance on the performance in the 12-cigarette production employees at PT Praoe Lajar Semarang. The population in this study was 120 employees in the 12-cigarette production department at PT Praoe Lajar Semarang. The sample used was purposive sampling, with 60 respondents. The instrument used was a questionnaire and the measurement used a likert scale. The test tool used was SPSS Version 26. Data analysis methods included validity testing, reliability testing, respondent description analysis, multiple linear regression, classical assumption testing, t-test, and coefficient of determination testing. The results indicate that extrinsic motivation has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that employees are motivated by external influences to improve their performance. Self-efficacy has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, indicating that employees are satisfied with their ability to improve their performance. Work life balance has a positive and significant effect on employee performance, meaning that the higher the work life balance of employees, the better their performance will be.

This Community Service activity reflects university students' social concern for their environment, particularly in elementary education. The activity was conducted at SDN 032 Tarakan to provide students with an understanding of the differences between needs and wants. The method used was face-to-face socialization, interactively designed through simple material delivery, ice-breaking, and an image classification game. The results showed high student enthusiasm and their ability to correctly classify most of the provided images into 'needs' and 'wants'. This activity not only enriched students' knowledge but also trained critical thinking skills in setting priorities. It is hoped that similar activities can be continued to foster economic literacy from an early age among elementary school students.

This Community Service (PKM) activity aims to improve artificial intelligence (AI) literacy in students majoring in Visual Communication Design (DKV) at SMK Muhammadiyah 2 Palembang through Canva-based training. The development of AI technology has brought about a significant change in the world of graphic design, where features such as Magic Design, Text-to-Image, and Background Remover are now widely used to support the creative process. However, most vocational school students are still passive users, lacking an understanding of the AI principles behind the technology. Through a Project-Based Learning (PjBL) and Active Learning approach with a demo–practice–reflection model, this activity is designed so that students are not only able to use the AI features in Canva, but also understand the work concepts, benefits, and ethics of using them. The activity was conducted over two days, involving 30 DKV class XI students. The evaluation of the results showed a significant increase in the aspects of understanding AI concepts (48%), motivation to learn design (35%), and creativity of works (32%). Students also show an increase in learning independence and digital ethical awareness. These results confirm that AI-based learning through Canva is effective in building AI literacy, creativity, and student readiness to face the technology-based creative industry. This activity is recommended to be expanded to teachers and other departments to strengthen digital literacy in the vocational education environment.  

The background of this activity is based on the low level of literacy among the community and the suboptimal use of mosque libraries as educational public spaces. This community service activity aims to strengthen the culture of literacy through the implementation of service learning at the Penyengat Mosque Library, Penyengat Island, Tanjungpinang City. The community service was carried out using a participatory approach through four main stages: needs identification, activity planning, programme implementation, and evaluation. The activities carried out included reading classes, discussions on books with Islamic and Malay cultural themes, and literacy visits to introduce the library's collection to the community. The results showed an increase in community enthusiasm for reading activities and strengthened the library's function as a centre for intellectual da'wah and community learning. For students, this activity provided contextual learning experiences and developed communication, leadership, and social empathy skills. Overall, this programme was effective in building a literacy ecosystem based on religious values and local culture.

The role of the Holy Spirit is one of the central aspects of Christian theology, particularly within Evangelical theology, which seeks to uphold a balance between biblical truth and spiritual experience. This study aims to examine the understanding of the Holy Spirit in Evangelical theology, with a specific focus on the relationship between biblical pneumatology and the expressions of contemporary charismatic movements. The approach used is a theological–descriptive study through an analysis of biblical literature, classical Evangelical theological works, and contemporary research on charismatic movements in Indonesia and around the world. The findings indicate that Evangelical theology understands the Holy Spirit primarily as a divine person who works in regeneration, sanctification, and ministry empowerment based on the authority of Scripture. Meanwhile, the charismatic movement emphasizes more phenomenological aspects of the Holy Spirit’s work, such as Spirit baptism, spiritual gifts (charismata), and manifestations of supernatural power. Theological tension arises when charismatic experiences do not always align with the strict Evangelical hermeneutical principles applied to Scripture. Nevertheless, both approaches offer important contributions: biblical pneumatology preserves a healthy doctrinal foundation, while charismatic spirituality reminds the church of the importance of the Holy Spirit’s dynamic power in contemporary ecclesial life. This study concludes that integrating biblical foundations with openness to the work of the Holy Spirit can enrich the understanding and praxis of the contemporary Evangelical church. The church needs to develop a balanced pneumatology that is rooted in Scripture yet responsive to the movement of the Holy Spirit within the changing contexts of time and culture.

The rapid development of information and technology brings changes in many fields. One of them is in the field of trading which is now carried out online through marketplace. Price discount, E-Trust, and E-Satisfaction are three aspects that play an important role in online business. Therefore, this research was conducted to understand and analyze the impact of Price Discount, E-Trust, and E-Satisfaction on Repurchase Intention in Shopee Marketplace among the students of DIV Marketing Management Study Program class of 2019-2020. This research was a quantitative research. There were three measurements used in this research, namely Price Discount, E-Trust, and E-Satisfaction with Repurchase Intention. The sample obtained by applying nonprobability sampling technique with purposive sampling approach. In analyzing the data, the researcher used descriptive analysis, validity test, reliability test, classical assumption test, multiple linear regression test, coefficient of determination, and hypothesis testing. The result of data analysis shows that, there is an impact between Price Discount, E-Trust, and E-Satisfaction with Repurchase Intention on the customers of Shopee marketplace partially or simultaneously. In conclusion, to increase Shopee customers’ loyalty, the marketplace must be aware that price discount, trust, and satisfaction of customers become the most important aspects that determine the marketplace's success.

This study aims to analyze the level of flood hazard in Baturaja Barat District, Ogan Komering Ulu Regency, by applying a spatial approach using Geographic Information Systems (GIS) through the overlay method. The analysis was carried out by integrating six main physical parameters, namely rainfall, land use, elevation, slope, river density, and soil type. Each parameter was assigned a score and weight according to its influence on flood potential and subsequently processed spatially to produce a flood hazard map. The results indicate that the Baturaja Barat District area is classified into three hazard levels: low (3.25%), moderate (70.64%), and high (25.84%). Areas with high hazard levels are predominantly characterized by densely populated settlements situated at low elevations and in close proximity to river networks, particularly in Tanjung Karang, Air Gading, Talang Jawa, Karang Agung, and surrounding villages. These findings highlight that land-use changes, topographic conditions, and the distribution of river networks play significant roles in increasing flood risk. The results of this study are expected to serve as a foundation for spatial planning, the strengthening of disaster mitigation policies, and the enhancement of community preparedness against flood hazards in the region.

This article discusses the role of Special Assistant Teachers (GPK) in creating an effective inclusive classroom, where all students, including children with special needs, can participate optimally in the learning process. GPK plays the role of facilitators, mediators, and regular teacher partners in accommodating diverse learning needs. This role is realized through individual needs assessments, adjustment of learning strategies, modification of teaching materials, and provision of academic and social-emotional support to students. The results of the study show that the success of inclusive education is greatly influenced by GPK's professional competence, especially in understanding the characteristics of children with special needs and implementing differentiatory learning. In addition, effective collaboration between GPK and regular teachers is a key factor in creating an inclusive and non-discriminatory learning environment. Institutional support, such as inclusive school policies, the availability of infrastructure, and the support of school leaders, also play an important role. This article emphasizes the need for sustainable professional development, clear division of duties, and supportive education policies to strengthen GPK's role in promoting inclusive education equity in Indonesia.

This research is motivated by the diversity of students found in Islamic boarding schools. Islamic boarding schools are an appropriate base for instilling religious and cultural values ​​in students. Therefore, differences in race, ethnicity, customs, social class, and culture are not addressed with exclusive and fanatical attitudes to prevent conflict. The purpose of this research is to provide multicultural education management training in Islamic boarding schools as an educational alternative that can be applied to address the problems faced by students and the current multicultural society, so that each student can live side by side despite differences in harmony and peace in accordance with religious and cultural values. The research method used is qualitative with the PAR (Participatory Action Research) model. For data collection, in-depth interviews, participant observation, and documentation were used. The results of this study are that multicultural education management training is a preventive effort to address various problems and becomes a real solution to existing problems in Islamic boarding schools related to the religious and cultural values ​​of students. In addition to being an alternative means of solving problems, multicultural education management training is also a means of fostering students so that they do not lose their cultural roots in accordance with religious values. Thus, the implementation of multicultural education management training can be said to be successful if it can produce students who have a tolerant attitude, are not hostile, and do not conflict caused by differences in culture, ethnicity, customs, social class, abilities, and others.

This community service activity aims to increase the learning concentration of SD Negeri Pojok Kediri students through educational training with five simple and fun methods, namely focus games, Pomodoro Kids techniques, light physical activity, mindfulness exercises, and relaxation. The main problem faced by schools is the low level of focus of students during learning, especially when the material requires high concentration and sustained attention duration. The method of the activity includes initial observation to identify classroom conditions, teacher training related to the application of methods, direct application in the classroom, and periodic mentoring and evaluation. The results showed a significant improvement in students' focus skills, which was characterized by increased attention duration, faster response to instructions, and more active student involvement in the learning process. Teachers also reported that the classroom atmosphere became more conducive, orderly, and interactive after the methods were applied consistently. In addition, positive behavioral changes such as self-regulation skills, better emotion management, and more regular learning habits appear. Thus, this training has proven to be effective, easy to implement, and has the potential to be used as a sustainable strategy to improve the quality of the teaching and learning process in elementary schools.

This study aims to analyze the integration of the Pancasila Student Profile (PSP) within Civics Education (PPKn) learning in elementary schools through a descriptive qualitative library research approach. The research draws on 15 national journal articles published between 2020 and 2025 that discuss strategies, challenges, and outcomes of implementing the PSP in learning practices. The findings show that PSP values—such as mutual cooperation, independence, critical thinking, creativity, and noble character—are primarily integrated through classroom activities, project-based learning, and habituation programs aligned with the Merdeka Curriculum. However, several challenges persist, including limited teacher understanding, inconsistent school support, inadequate learning media, and insufficient alignment between curriculum expectations and classroom practices. The analysis also reveals that effective implementation requires strong teacher leadership, contextual learning strategies, and sustained school commitment to character development. The study contributes theoretically by deepening understanding of value-based learning and practically by offering recommendations for teachers and schools to optimize character-based PPKn instruction. Overall, the integration of PSP values strengthens students’ character formation and supports the development of a holistic learning environment consistent with Pancasila principles.  

This study aims to analyze the effect of service quality, store atmosphere, and word of mouth on repurchase intention of Batik Lochatara Kediri consumers. This research employs a quantitative approach with a causal associative design. Data were collected through questionnaires distributed to 96 respondents who are customers of Batik Lochatara Kediri, selected using accidental sampling. The research instrument was measured using a five-point Likert scale. Data analysis was conducted using multiple linear regression with the assistance of SPSS software, preceded by validity, reliability, and classical assumption tests. The results reveal that partially, word of mouth has a positive and significant effect on repurchase intention, while service quality and store atmosphere do not show a significant effect. However, simultaneously, service quality, store atmosphere, and word of mouth have a significant influence on repurchase intention. These findings indicate that positive consumer recommendations and shared experiences play a more dominant role in encouraging repurchase intention in the context of local batik MSMEs. Therefore, strengthening word-of-mouth strategies is essential to enhance customer loyalty and business sustainability.

This study aims to analyze the effect of asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure on the profitability of PT Astra Graphia Tbk during the period 2016–2023. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research design using secondary data derived from the company’s quarterly financial statements. A total of 32 quarterly observations were selected through purposive sampling. Profitability is measured using Return on Equity (ROE), while data analysis is conducted using multiple linear regression. Prior to hypothesis testing, classical assumption tests including normality, multicollinearity, heteroskedasticity, and autocorrelation tests were performed to ensure the robustness of the regression model. The results indicate that asset growth, capital structure, and asset structure simultaneously have a significant effect on firm profitability. However, partially, only asset structure has a significant effect on profitability, while asset growth and capital structure show no significant influence. These findings suggest that efficient asset composition plays a more critical role in improving profitability than mere asset expansion or increased leverage. The managerial implication of this study highlights the importance of optimizing asset structure to enhance the firm’s ability to generate sustainable profits.

Waste has become a serious environmental problem in Indonesia, which continues to increase along with population growth. The issue of waste management poses serious challenges for the environment, especially in the process of separating organic and inorganic waste. In the field of computer vision, recognising the type and shape of waste through camera images remains a challenge due to variations in shape, colour, and complex lighting conditions. Therefore, this problem utilises Deep Learning technology, which is expected to be widely applied in Indonesia, especially in large cities with high waste volumes. This study aims to distinguish between organic and inorganic waste using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method based on digital images. The developed CNN model was trained to recognise the visual patterns of each type of waste and tested to measure its accuracy. The test results show that the CNN-based classification system is capable of achieving an accuracy rate of 95%, thus proving the effectiveness of this method in supporting artificial intelligence-based automatic waste sorting systems.

Hijaiyah letters have varying shapes, and some of them are very similar, often causing errors in the manual character recognition process. This study aims to classify Hijaiyah letters based on digital images using the Convolutional Neural Network (CNN) method. This method was used in this study with a dataset consisting of 28 letter classes and a total of 4,480 images obtained from various public sources and private data. All images underwent a preprocessing stage that included labeling, resizing, normalization, and augmentation, then were divided into three parts, namely training data, validation data, and test data with a ratio of 70:20:10. The training process was carried out using the Python programming language with the help of the TensorFlow and Keras libraries on the Google Colab platform. The test results showed that the CNN model achieved an accuracy of 97.10%, with an average precision, recall, and F1-score of 0.97, respectively. Classification errors only occurred in letters that had similar shapes, such as Syin and Sin. Based on these results, the CNN method proved to be effective, efficient, and accurate in recognizing Hijaiyah letter image patterns, so it can be used as a basis for developing classification models with higher accuracy in the future.

This study aims to examine the effect of profitability ratios, namely Earnings per Share (EPS), Net Profit Margin (NPM), Return on Assets (ROA), and Return on Equity (ROE), on the stock price of PT Ciputra Development Tbk during the 2016–2023 period. The research employs a quantitative approach with a causal research design using secondary data derived from quarterly financial statements and stock closing prices published by the Indonesia Stock Exchange. The data were analyzed using multiple linear regression, supported by classical assumption tests, partial hypothesis testing (t-test), simultaneous testing (F-test), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results show that EPS, NPM, and ROA do not have a significant effect on stock prices, while ROE has a positive and significant effect. Simultaneously, all profitability variables do not significantly influence stock prices. The coefficient of determination indicates that profitability ratios explain a relatively small proportion of stock price variation, suggesting that stock prices in the property sector are influenced more by external and market-related factors than by short-term profitability indicators. These findings imply that ROE is the most relevant profitability indicator for investors in assessing property sector stocks, while other profitability ratios play a limited role.

This study aims to optimize Indonesian language development, especially in correcting language errors in seventh-grade students through French fries as an interactive learning tool. This classroom action research was conducted in one cycle on 30 students of grade VII-E of SMP Negeri 12 Tasikmalaya in the 2025/2026 academic year. A qualitative approach with data collection techniques in the form of observation, sentence correction tests, interviews, and documentation was used in this study. The results showed that the use of French fries media with incorrect sentences in it can improve students' ability to identify and correct errors in spelling, grammar, and word choice. The percentage of completeness of sentence correction skills increased from 33.33% (pre-action) to 86.67% after the implementation of the action. This media can also increase student motivation and involvement in learning. It can be concluded that this French fries media is effective to be used as an aid in Indonesian language development that is fun and highly contextual.