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The toddler period is a golden stage of child development influenced by several factors, including maternal knowledge in parenting. Working mothers face challenges in balancing professional responsibilities with caregiving roles. This study aimed to examine the relationship between working mothers’ knowledge and the growth and development of toddlers at Kasih Ibu Sejati Clinic, Sosa District, Padang Lawas Regency. This research used a descriptive analytic design with a cross-sectional approach involving 42 working mothers with toddlers. The results showed that most working mothers had good knowledge (38.1%) and most toddlers were in the good developmental category (64.3%). The Chi-square test yielded a p-value of 0.004, indicating a significant relationship between the mother's level of knowledge and toddler development. Good knowledge enables mothers to provide better-quality care despite time limitations. These findings imply the importance of enhancing education for working mothers to support optimal child development.

Background: Stunting remains a serious public health issue in Indonesia, particularly in rural areas such as Ambasea Village, Laeya Sub-district, South Konawe Regency. Stunting, or chronic growth failure in children due to prolonged malnutrition, generally occurs during the first 1,000 days of life. In Ambasea Village, this problem is exacerbated by irregular eating patterns among toddlers, consumption of low-nutrient foods, and poor hygiene behaviors. Toddlers frequently consume unhealthy snacks, reject main meals such as rice and side dishes, and rarely wash their hands with soap before eating or after using the toilet. Furthermore, limited access to basic sanitation—such as the lack of proper latrines and adequate wastewater disposal systems (SPAL)—also contributes to the high risk of infections that disrupt nutrient absorption, increasing the likelihood of stunting in children. Objective: This study aims to describe the environmental health conditions contributing to the incidence of stunting among children aged 0–2 years in Ambasea Village. Methods: The research used an observational analytic method with a quantitative cross-sectional design. The study involved 54 toddlers identified as stunted. Data were collected through structured interviews with parents or caregivers and direct observation of the household and surrounding environmental conditions. Results: The results showed that 66.5% of households did not have access to proper latrines, and 70% lacked adequate wastewater disposal systems. However, 87% had access to clean water, and 85% of respondents demonstrated good handwashing behavior. Conclusion: The environmental health conditions in Ambasea Village reveal ongoing challenges related to latrine ownership and wastewater management. Although clean water access is relatively good and hygiene practices among residents are fairly positive, improving sanitation infrastructure remains crucial. Enhancing these conditions is expected to significantly reduce the risk of stunting among toddlers in the area. Collaborative efforts involving local government, health workers, and the community are essential to create a healthier environment for early childhood development.

In today's era of rapid globalization and modernization, each generation in Indonesia has distinct characteristics, particularly in their ways of thinking, interacting, and facing life's challenges. Generation Y (millennials) and Generation Z, who are now entering the world of education, have very different mindsets and adaptation methods compared to previous generations. One of the major challenges faced by educators is how to address these differences, particularly in teaching Islamic religious values and shaping students' religious character amidst the rapid development of technology and social dynamics. The transition from Generation Y to Generation Z brings significant changes in the world of education, particularly for Islamic Religious Education (PAI) teachers. Generation Z, more familiar with digital technology and the internet, often has a more interactive and visual learning style. They tend to prioritize fast and easily accessible information, and are more open to global cultural influences. This phenomenon presents new challenges for PAI teachers in delivering Islamic religious learning materials that are contextual, relevant, and easily understood by students. The transformation of PAI teachers in shaping students' religious character in this transitional era requires a deep understanding of existing social, technological, and cultural changes. Islamic Religious Education teachers are not only required to possess in-depth knowledge of religious teachings but also to be able to adapt teaching methods to suit the needs of today's students. For example, the use of digital technology in Islamic religious education can facilitate students' access to various relevant information sources, such as Islamic preaching videos, Islamic learning apps, or e-books that can enhance their understanding.  

This study aims to observe the phases of mitosis in the meristem cells of shallot roots (Allium cepa) through microscopic observation as part of the Cell Biology learning model. Mitosis is an important part of the cell cycle that plays a role in growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in organisms. A deep understanding of the mitosis process is an important foundation in various branches of biology, including genetics, biotechnology, and histology. Shallot roots were chosen because they have actively dividing meristem tissue at the root tip,as well as a large and transparent cell structure that facilitates the staining and observation process. Preparation was carried out by soaking the onion roots in a solution of acetic acid and alcohol for fixation,then staining with acetocarmine acid so that the chromosomes are clearly visible. The process of crushing the root tip and pressing it on a glass object (squash method) was used to expand the observation area. A light microscope with a magnification of 400x and 1000x was used to identify the division phases. Observation results show the presence of all phases of mitosis, namely prophase (nucleolus and nuclear membrane begin to disappear,chromosomes condense), metaphase (chromosomes line up at the equator), anaphase (chromatids separate to opposite poles), and telophase (nuclear membrane and two daughter cell nuclei re-form). Visual documentation in the form of microscopic photographs and descriptive tables clarify the identification of these phases, thus facilitating student understanding.From a pedagogical perspective, this microscopic practicum-based learning has been proven to improve students' observational skills, laboratory skills, and conceptual understanding of cell division. Students not only memorize theories, but directly experience the scientific process through exploration and discussion of observation results. Evaluation of learning outcomes is carried out through post-practicum quizzes and student worksheets, showing an increase in understanding scores of more than 30%.

The film Prisoners (2013), directed by Denis Villeneuve, presents a complex portrayal of emotional intensity, moral ambiguity, and psychological struggle in the aftermath of a child kidnapping. Conflict becomes the central element that shapes the characters, drives the storyline, and raises important questions about justice, resilience, and ethical boundaries. This study aims to explore the internal and external conflicts found in Prisoners, and how these tensions reflect challenges often encountered in real life. Using a descriptive qualitative method and based on William Kenney’s theory of conflict, the research closely analyzes key scenes and character interactions to identify patterns of tension and confrontation. The results show that Prisoners features 15 conflict events: internal conflict (26.67%), man vs. man (33.33%),man vs. society (26.67%), and man vs. nature (13.33%), with with man vs. man emerging as the most dominant, emphasizing the focus on intense personal struggles and confrontations between characters. The findings suggest that Prisoners (2013) uses conflict not just as a narrative device, but also as a way to invite the audience to reflect on moral choices, human limits, and the emotional cost of seeking justice in moments of crisis.

This study aims to determine the effect of brand image, product, and promotion on purchasing decisions among members of the Merah Putih Village Cooperative in Candiroto, Kendal District, Kendal Regency. The research uses a quantitative associative approach with a sample of members from the Merah Putih Village Cooperative in Candiroto, Kendal. The sampling method used is saturated sampling, with a total of 127 respondents. The independent variables in this study are brand image, product, and promotion, while the dependent variable is purchasing decisions among cooperative members. Data analysis in this study involves instrument testing, classical assumption testing, and hypothesis testing using multiple regression with SPSS. The results show that, partially, brand image does not have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. This is evidenced by the t-count value of 0.758, which is greater than the t-table value of 0.1743, and the significance value of 0.450, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05. Product, in turn, does not significantly affect purchasing decisions with a t-count value of -1.708, which is smaller than the t-table value of 0.1743, and a significance value of 0.090, which is greater than the significance level of 0.05. However, promotion has a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions. This is shown by a t-count value of 10.616, which is greater than the t-table value of 0.1743, and a significance value of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05. Simultaneously, brand image, product, and promotion have a positive and significant effect on purchasing decisions, with an F value of 40.432, which is larger than the F-table value of 0.1743, and a significance value of 0.000, which is smaller than the significance level of 0.05. The results indicate that promotion is the most influential factor in the purchasing decisions of cooperative members.

This study aims to determine the hip joint examination technique in Post ORIF Total Hip Replacement cases at the Radiology Installation of Meuraxa Hospital, Banda Aceh. Hip joint examination is performed with anterior, posterior, and axial projections in Post ORIF Total Hip Replacement cases using AP pelvic projection. This study is qualitative with a case study approach. Data collection methods include observation, interviews, and documentation. The research subjects were one radiologist, three radiographers, and one patient with Post ORIF Total Hip Replacement cases. AP pelvic radiography examination at the Radiology Installation of Meuraxa Hospital, Banda Aceh aims to compare the right or left hip.    

Indonesia ranks fourth globally in terms of active Instagram users, with approximately 103 million users, positioning this platform as a strategic medium for hospitals to conduct promotion, health education, and audience engagement. Hospitals, particularly private institutions, have increasingly recognized the potential of social media in fostering strong brand images and maintaining public trust. This study aims to analyze the influence of marketing content on the brand image of Indriati Solo Baru Hospital, a private hospital that is active on Instagram and holds verified status. Employing a quantitative approach with an associative method, the research involved 100 respondents drawn from followers of the hospital’s official Instagram account, selected through incidental sampling. Data were collected via questionnaires and subsequently analyzed using simple linear regression. The results demonstrate that marketing content exerts a positive and significant impact on brand image, as reflected in the regression equation Y = 3.838 + 0.267X. Statistical analysis further revealed a significance value of 0.001 (<0.05) and a t-calculated score of 10.048, exceeding the t-table value of 1.984. The coefficient of determination (R²) was 0.507, indicating that marketing content accounts for 50.7% of the variance in brand image, while the remaining 49.3% is influenced by other factors beyond the scope of this study. Among the tested indicators, Decision Making and Life Factors demonstrated significant contributions, underscoring their role in shaping perceptions of brand image. Meanwhile, Persuasion, Reader Cognition, and Sharing Motivation functioned as supportive elements that reinforce but do not independently drive outcomes. These findings highlight the critical role of strategic content development in strengthening hospital brand image within digital spaces.

Human skin undergoes aging and degenerative processes, like other body tissues. Skin aging is characterized by various structural and functional changes, such as decreased skin elasticity, degradation of elastic fibers, thinning of the epidermis, reduced collagen content, the appearance of wrinkles, and increased skin dryness. One effort to inhibit this process is the use of natural phytochemical compounds with antioxidant and skin-protective activity, such as ferulic acid. Ferulic acid is known to scavenge free radicals and absorb ultraviolet (UV) light. Furthermore, this compound can protect the structure of collagen, elastin, and fibroblast cells from damage, and inhibit the enzymes collagenase and tyrosinase, which play a role in collagen degradation and the formation of hyperpigmentation. This literature review aims to examine the anti-aging activity of ferulic acid based on the results of in vitro and in vivo studies published in the past ten years. The search was conducted through a systematic literature review of relevant scientific articles. The results indicate that ferulic acid has a promising mechanism of action in preventing and slowing skin aging. This compound can improve skin elasticity, suppress melanin production, reduce dark spots, and exhibit anti-inflammatory properties that help reduce redness and inflammation caused by acne. Its antioxidant effects also contribute to slowing the appearance of wrinkles, thus helping maintain a more youthful appearance. Despite its significant potential, further research is needed to better understand its mechanism of action and long-term safety for use on human skin.

Beluntas (Pluchea indica L.) contains of flavonoids, which are beneficial for treating acne. Previous research has been conducted on peel-off gel masks made from ethanol extract of beluntas leaves. The aim of this study is to determine the variation in carbopol concentrations in the formulation of gel masks containing beluntas leaf extract, as well as to evaluate their physical stability. This research using three formulations with different carbopol concentrations: Formula I with 1% carbopol, Formula II with 1.5% carbopol, and Formula III with 2% carbopol. The physical evaluation of the beluntas leaf extract gel mask preparations included organoleptic, homogeneity, viscosity, pH, spreadability, and adhesiveness testing. All formulations underwent a stability test known as the cycling test (cycles 1 to 6). The results of the stability tests showed that Formulas II and III met the requirements for physical quality, whereas Formula I did not meet the viscosity and spreadability value ranges. The gel mask with the best results was Formula II with 1.5% carbopol concentration. However, based on the cycling stability test, there was an increase in viscosity and adhesiveness. Based on the cycling test results for organoleptic properties, homogeneity, and spreadability, Formula II did not show significant changes.

Silica gel is one of the most commonly used adsorbents in the fractionation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. This is due to its ability to separate compounds based on differences in polarity, thus simplifying the purification process of active components. Fractionation itself is a crucial step in phytochemical research, as it aims to obtain active compounds in a purer, standardized form, and ready for further testing, both biologically and pharmacologically. This study aims to review the effectiveness of silica gel in the fractionation of active compounds from various types of medicinal plants. The study was conducted through a systematic literature review method with a qualitative-descriptive approach to 35 scientific articles published in the last five years. The articles analyzed were those that presented primary data on the use of silica gel in the fractionation process of medicinal plants. The results of the study showed that silica gel was proven effective in separating various polar compounds such as flavonoids, alkaloids, and phenolic compounds from crude extracts of medicinal plants. Some studies have even succeeded in isolating pure compounds that have significant biological activities, such as antioxidants, antimicrobials, and anti-inflammatory. The effectiveness of fractionation with silica gel is influenced by several important factors, such as the type and composition of the solvent, the elution technique (gradient or isocratic), and the support of advanced analytical methods such as thin-layer chromatography (TLC) and spectroscopy (UV-Vis, FTIR, and NMR). However, the use of silica gel still has several limitations, including the relatively high solvent requirements and long elution times. From the results of this study, it can be concluded that silica gel has great potential in supporting the fractionation process and isolation of bioactive compounds from medicinal plants. Therefore, optimization of silica gel-based fractionation techniques is important to support research and development of more efficient, standardized, and sustainable phytopharmaceutical products.

This study aims to analyze natural phenomena through an integrative approach combining the Hadiths of Prophet Muhammad (peace be upon him) and modern science, with a focus on the spiritual and ethical dimensions they contain. Natural events such as rain, lightning, wind, earthquakes, and eclipses are examined thematically by synthesizing scientific explanations and religious understanding based on authentic hadiths. The research adopts a qualitative-descriptive approach using content analysis of relevant hadith texts and contemporary scientific literature. The objective is to explore a deeper understanding of natural phenomena not merely as physical occurrences, but also as signs of Allah’s greatness that convey moral and spiritual messages for humankind. Findings indicate that the hadiths of the Prophet do not only instruct Muslims to respond to natural phenomena through acts of worship—such as supplication, remembrance (dhikr), or eclipse prayers—but also emphasize the human responsibility as stewards (khalifah) on Earth. The hadiths foster awareness of the interconnectedness between humans and the universe, framed within the concepts of monotheism (tawhid) and trust (amanah) to maintain environmental balance. The integration of hadith and science provides a new conceptual framework for developing spiritual-ecological awareness that balances scientific rationality with religious values. This approach is particularly relevant in the context of today’s global environmental crisis, which demands value-based solutions beyond technological innovations. Thus, this study not only enriches the Islamic intellectual tradition but also contributes to environmental preservation efforts through a religious ethical lens. It underlines the importance of fostering such integrative approaches in education, Islamic preaching (dakwah), and environmental policy. By doing so, a more holistic ecological awareness can be cultivated within Muslim communities. In conclusion, aligning scientific understanding with Islamic teachings through the hadith can serve as a meaningful foundation for both personal spiritual growth and collective environmental responsibility in facing the challenges of our time.

In the process of finding their identity, the younger generation really needs knowledge about themselves. This involves understanding the strengths one has and how these strengths can be optimized and utilized for one’s own growth. Insecurity or insecurity is a psychological condition that is commonly experienced by many people. Feelings of insecurity can cause various negative effects, such as anxiety, depression, and low self-confidence. This article discusses ways to reduce feelings of insecurity by deepening personality knowledge. By deepening personality knowledge, a person can learn to know themselves better, increase self-confidence, and build healthy relationships with other people. This can help reduce feelings of insecurity and improve quality of life.

This study aims to analyze the effect of the level of implementation of accrual-based International Public Sector Accounting Standards (IPSAS) on the fiscal transparency of the central government. In addition, this study also examines the differences in the level of IPSAS implementation among OECD, non-OECD, and BRICS countries. The study sample consisted of 20 countries selected through a purposive sampling technique based on three main criteria: (1) the central government has used accrual-based financial reports, either partially or fully; (2) the country has implemented IPSAS for more than five years; and (3) the country is listed in the Open Budget Survey. This study uses panel data covering the years 2015, 2017, 2019, 2021, and 2023. The independent variable in this study is the level of implementation of accrual-based IPSAS as measured by three main indicators: commitment to accruals, accrual reporting, and accrual policies. Meanwhile, the dependent variable, fiscal transparency, is measured using the Open Budget Index score, which reflects the level of openness of the central government budget to the public. The analysis was conducted using panel data regression with a random effects model approach. The results show that the level of accrual-based IPSAS implementation has a positive effect on fiscal transparency, but this effect is not statistically significant. However, there are significant differences in the level of IPSAS implementation among OECD, non-OECD, and BRICS countries. This finding indicates that IPSAS implementation in various countries is influenced by different institutional factors and fiscal capacities, thus requiring strong institutional support to promote more effective fiscal openness.

This research is motivated by the fluctuation in the level of motor vehicle taxpayer compliance in Nganjuk Regency, which raises the need to evaluate the factors that influence it. Tax knowledge, quality of tax services, and service modernization through the e-Samsat system are considered important variables in improving compliance. In addition, taxpayer awareness is expected to strengthen the influence of these variables. The main objective of this study is to analyze the influence of tax knowledge, service quality, and e-Samsat system modernization on taxpayer compliance, by placing taxpayer awareness as a moderating variable. This study uses a quantitative approach with a causal-comparative research type. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires to 100 respondents selected using a purposive sampling technique. The data analysis method used is Moderated Regression Analysis (MRA) with the help of SPSS software version 27. The results of the study indicate that tax knowledge has a significant influence on taxpayer compliance. In contrast, the quality of tax services and e-Samsat modernization do not have a significant influence on compliance. Furthermore, taxpayer awareness was shown to significantly moderate the relationship between tax knowledge and compliance, but did not act as a moderator in the relationship between service quality or e-Samsat system modernization and taxpayer compliance. This finding indicates that increasing taxpayer awareness can strengthen the effectiveness of tax education. However, administrative and digital approaches cannot optimally increase compliance without being accompanied by stronger awareness among taxpayers themselves.

This research is motivated by the low level of taxpayer compliance in paying Land and Building Tax (PBB) in Ngronggot District, Nganjuk Regency. This compliance problem is indicated by the high rate of delays and non-compliance in paying tax obligations, which is largely caused by weak enforcement of sanctions, low taxpayer awareness, and diverse economic conditions of the community. This study aims to analyze the influence of tax sanctions, taxpayer awareness, and economic level on compliance in paying PBB. The research method used is a quantitative approach with a survey technique, through the distribution of questionnaires to 100 taxpayer respondents selected using a simple random sampling technique. The data obtained were analyzed using multiple linear regression, accompanied by classical assumption tests such as normality tests, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and hypothesis tests (t-test and F-test) to examine the influence of independent variables partially and simultaneously on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that partially, tax sanctions, taxpayer awareness, and economic level have a positive and significant influence on taxpayer compliance in paying PBB. Simultaneously, these three variables are also proven to have a significant influence on taxpayer compliance. These findings provide an important contribution to the formulation of regional fiscal policies, particularly regarding strategies for increasing regional tax revenue. Practical implications of this research include the need to increase the effectiveness of sanction enforcement, intensify tax outreach and education, and improve tax administration services to encourage public awareness and compliance. With the right strategies, it is hoped that taxpayer compliance will increase sustainably and contribute to optimizing regional revenue.

Penelitian ini menganalisis manajemen program pertukaran pelajar di SD Muhammadiyah Wirobrajan 3 dan SD Muhammadiyah Sokonandi Yogyakarta yang bertujuan meningkatkan mutu pendidikan dasar melalui pertukaran budaya dan pembelajaran global. Pendekatan yang digunakan adalah deskriptif kualitatif dengan teknik pengumpulan data berupa wawancara, observasi, dan studi dokumentasi. Informan penelitian meliputi kepala sekolah, pengelola program, guru pendamping, siswa, dan orang tua. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa manajemen program dilaksanakan melalui empat fungsi utama: (1) perencanaan, termasuk seleksi peserta dan pelatihan pra-keberangkatan; (2) pengorganisasian melalui tim kerja berbasis struktur manajemen sekolah; (3) pelaksanaan melalui interaksi langsung dengan mitra sekolah luar negeri; dan (4) evaluasi berkala melalui laporan dan jurnal peserta. Tantangan utama meliputi keterbatasan pendanaan, komunikasi lintas budaya, dan akses teknologi. Keberhasilan program sangat dipengaruhi oleh kepemimpinan kepala sekolah, kolaborasi antar pemangku kepentingan, dan manajemen hubungan publik yang efektif. Rekomendasi mencakup perluasan kemitraan, penguatan dukungan orang tua, dan inovasi dalam pelatihan siswa.

This study aims to analyze the structural, cultural, and institutional barriers affecting women's political representation in Indonesia and to formulate strategic recommendations to strengthen the effectiveness of affirmative action policies. Although a 30% quota policy for women's representation on legislative candidate lists has been implemented, this achievement generally only serves as an administrative requirement and does not guarantee substantive opportunities in the political process. The study uses a qualitative descriptive approach based on secondary data obtained from official government documents, international organization reports, statistical publications, and previous research. The analysis shows that structural barriers manifest themselves in the placement of the majority of female legislative candidates on less strategic ticket numbers, resulting in low electability, and significant disparities in access to campaign funding between male and female candidates. Cultural barriers include entrenched gender stereotypes, reflected in surveys showing that only around 35% of the public supports female political leadership. Institutional barriers are also evident in the low representation of women in the executive and judicial branches, with only one female governor and one female constitutional judge currently serving. Based on these findings, the study recommends several strategic steps, including strengthening substantive affirmative action policies through regulating legislative candidate ticket numbers, providing equal affirmative action campaign funding, implementing career acceleration schemes for women in public office, implementing programs to strengthen women's political capacity, and promoting gender literacy campaigns to change public perceptions. This study emphasizes that the success of affirmative action policies cannot simply rely on quota regulations, but requires multi-level interventions that include legislative reform, improvements to political recruitment mechanisms, and transformation of social values. These integrated efforts are expected to encourage a sustainable increase in women's political representation and achieve gender equality in the Indonesian political system.

β-lactam antibiotics are a very important group of drugs and are most frequently used in the treatment of bacterial infections, both in healthcare facilities and for self-medication. The advantages of β-lactams lie in their effectiveness and broad spectrum of action. However, the development of pharmaceutical preparations containing β-lactams still faces significant challenges, particularly related to the physicochemical stability of these compounds. The reactive ring structure of β-lactams makes them highly susceptible to degradation, particularly through hydrolysis. This degradation process can be accelerated by various environmental factors such as high temperature, changes in pH, humidity, and the presence of certain excipients and solvents in drug formulations. This article comprehensively reviews the various factors that influence the stability of β-lactams, both in solid and liquid pharmaceutical dosage forms, as well as in microbiological media. Furthermore, it also examines various innovative formulation approaches that have been developed to improve the stability of these compounds. These approaches include film coating technology, encapsulation, and crystal engineering, which have been shown to reduce the rate of degradation and extend product shelf life. Literature studies have shown that solid dosage forms are generally more stable than liquid dosage forms, primarily because exposure to water and solvents can accelerate hydrolysis. Distribution and storage of these preparations are also important aspects to consider in maintaining the quality and effectiveness of β-lactam antibiotic therapy. Therefore, β-lactam product development requires a holistic approach, encompassing not only formulation and production technology but also optimal distribution and storage strategies. The use of appropriate analytical methods is also necessary to monitor degradation products and ensure product safety and effectiveness throughout the shelf life.

Anemia in pregnancy remains a public health problem in Indonesia, with a prevalence of 48.9% (Riskesdas, 2018). Low adherence to iron and folic acid tablet (TTD) consumption is one of the main causes of high anemia rates among pregnant women. This community service activity aimed to improve TTD consumption compliance among pregnant women through interactive educational media at Sarfina Sembiring Clinic in 2025. The implementation method applied a participatory learning approach, consisting of preparation, education delivery, evaluation, and follow-up. A total of 30 pregnant women participated in the activity. Pre-test and post-test evaluations showed an increase in knowledge scores from 62.5 to 85.3 (+36.4%), while compliance with TTD consumption increased from 46.7% to 83.3% (+36.6%). Additionally, 90% of participants stated that interactive media was easier to understand compared to conventional lecture methods. These findings indicate that interactive educational media effectively improves knowledge and compliance with TTD consumption among pregnant women, making it a viable alternative for health education to support anemia prevention programs in Indonesia.