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Youth and youth ministry plays a strategic role in shaping the faith, character, and spiritual maturity of the younger generation. This study aims to analyze the spiritual needs, struggles, and relevant Christian Religious Education (PAK) strategies for youth at GBI Pondok Daud. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were obtained through direct observation, interviews with instructors, facility observations, and documentation during worship services. The results indicate that youth are highly enthusiastic about attending worship services and are actively involved in various ministry sectors, such as music, multimedia, and ushering. However, they face several struggles, including academic pressure, the influence of social media, and instability in personal spiritual discipline. Primary spiritual needs include Christian character development, a deeper understanding of God's Word, a supportive community, and consistent spiritual guidance. The implemented PAK strategies, such as creative worship, small group discussions, mentoring, and the use of digital media, have proven effective in addressing the needs of youth. This study concludes that GBI Pondok Daud's youth ministry has been successful, but still needs to strengthen discipleship, improve spiritual discipline, and develop experiential learning activities.

Education plays a vital role in shaping character and developing individual potential, with the ability to collaborate being crucial in this global era. This study focuses on the low level of student collaboration and suboptimal Aqidah Akhlak learning outcomes at MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo, caused by a lack of innovative learning methods. Therefore, this study aims to examine the application of the Project-Based Learning method as a solution to improve student collaboration and learning outcomes. This study aims to: (1) describe the application of the Project-Based Learning method in teaching Aqidah Akhlak in class XI of MA Muhammadiyah 1 Ponorogo, (2) determine the impact of the Project-Based Learning method on student collaboration and learning outcomes, and (3) determine student perceptions of the application of the Project-Based Learning method in teaching Aqidah Akhlak. This study used a qualitative approach with descriptive methods. Data were collected through observation, interviews (with the principal, vice principal for curriculum, Aqidah Akhlak teacher, and class XI students), and documentation. The data analysis technique used was the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of the study show that: (1) the implementation of the Project Based Learning method is carried out through structured steps, encouraging active cooperation between teachers and students, with an emphasis on equal roles and responsibilities of each, (2) the Project Based Learning method has a positive impact on increasing collaboration, educational outcomes, and the development of students’ knowledge, attitudes, and skills as a whole, with changes in behavior that are seen in depth, (3) students have a positive view of the Project Based Learning method because it is considered more interesting, interactive, meaningful, and relevant to everyday life, which can be seen from increased motivation and active participation.

Customer satisfaction is a central issue in marketing management, as it plays a crucial role in determining customer loyalty amid increasingly intense business competition. A comprehensive understanding of the factors influencing customer satisfaction is essential not only for academics in strengthening marketing theory but also for practitioners in designing effective service and product strategies. This article aims to address two research questions: (1) what are the dominant factors influencing customer satisfaction, and (2) how does customer satisfaction relate to customer loyalty? The study employed a qualitative literature review method. The data consisted of scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025, accessed through Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP) using the keyword “customer satisfaction.” From an initial selection of 30 articles, 27 were identified as relevant, and 5 core articles were further analyzed. The findings reveal three main themes: product and service quality as the dominant determinants of customer satisfaction; price, brand image, and promotion as supporting factors; and customer trust as an important mediating variable in building loyalty. This study concludes that customer satisfaction serves as a strategic link between service quality and customer loyalty. Future research is encouraged to explore the roles of digitalization, customer experience, and sustainability in shaping long-term customer satisfaction.

This study aimed to investigate the implementation of the BERDES (Bersih Desa) Program as an innovative strategy to foster environmental awareness among elementary school students at SD Negeri 2 Demulih. The program was designed using a participatory approach based on the Participatory Action Learning Sistem (PALS) method, which engaged students as active participants in identifying problems, planning, executing, and evaluating real actions in their school and local community environments. The research found that active student involvement in cleaning activities, waste management socialisation, and collective reflection significantly enhanced positive attitudes and social responsibility towards environmental conservation from an early age. Despite challenges such as limited frequency of program activities and common misconceptions about waste classification (organic, inorganic, residual), the BERDES program successfully served as an effective educational tool that embedded environmental care values among rural youth. The findings emphasised the critical role of schools as centres for environmental character education that combine theoretical knowledge with practical engagement to address real environmental issues.

This study aims to analyze the involvement of the Nusantara Nature Conservation Foundation (YKAN) in mangrove management in Berau Regency. This study explains how YKAN, as a broker organization in an advocacy network, encourages the local Forlika community to obtain resources from global partnerships. This study uses a qualitative descriptive method. The research data is sourced from primary data through interviews and uses primary data from relevant literature studies related to the research variables. The results of this study show that there is cooperation between each actor in international relations in managing mangrove areas in Berau Regency. YKAN's partnerships with global and local institutions give YKAN a strategic position in transnational advocacy networks. YKAN functions as a liaison that advocates for the needs of coastal communities at the international level, so that YKAN's role is to represent local communities in cross-actor cooperation in Berau Regency.

Oil palm (Elaeis guineensis Jacq.) is an important plantation commodity that makes a significant contribution to Indonesia's economy. One of the macro nutrients that plays a role in supporting plant growth is potassium (K), which is involved in various physiological processes. The effectiveness of nutrient utilization is not only determined by the amount of fertilizer applied but also influenced by the application method, especially during the early seedling phase. This study aims to examine the growth response of oil palm seedlings to variations in KCl fertilizer doses and different fertilizer application methods during the pre-nursery phase. The experiment was arranged using a Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with two treatment factors, namely KCl fertilizer dose and fertilizer application method, each with three replications. The KCl doses consisted of five levels, while the application methods included watering, broadcasting, and localized application (pocket). The observation data were analyzed using analysis of variance and followed by Duncan Multiple Range Test (DMRT) at a 5% level if there were significant differences. The results of the study showed that there was no interaction between the dose of KCl fertilizer and its application method on all observed oil palm seedling growth parameters.

Public service performance represents the most visible aspect of local government administration. Sub-district offices play a crucial role as the frontline of daily administrative services. This study analyzes the management of public services at the Cianjur Kota Sub-district Office by examining governance practices, staff professionalism, and service effectiveness. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed through light observation, document analysis, and literature review. The findings reveal that the management of public services at the sub-district office is generally adequate, indicated by standardized service procedures, improved administrative flows, and better staff discipline. However, several challenges persist, including limited human resources, insufficient transparency of service information, and low community participation in providing feedback. These results highlight the importance of good governance principles  transparency, accountability, and participation  in enhancing public service quality at the sub-district level. The study recommends improving internal coordination, providing more accessible public information, and strengthening staff capacity through continuous training.

This study aims to examine and analyze the effect of capital structure and fixed asset turnover on return on assets (ROA) at PT Argo Pantes Tbk during the period 2013–2022. The research employs a quantitative method with a statistical analysis approach, using secondary data obtained from the company’s financial statements. The data analysis techniques include classical assumption tests, namely normality, multicollinearity, heteroscedasticity, and autocorrelation tests, followed by multiple linear regression analysis. Hypothesis testing is conducted through the coefficient of determination, partial statistical testing (t-test), and simultaneous statistical testing (F-test). The results indicate that capital structure has a significant effect on return on assets. This is evidenced by a t-value of 2.986, which is greater than the t-table value of 2.36462, and a significance level of 0.020, which is lower than 0.05. These findings suggest that an optimal capital structure plays an important role in improving the company’s profitability performance. Therefore, capital structure management should be considered a strategic factor by management in enhancing financial efficiency and overall corporate performance.

Social media has become an important element in the public relations strategy of government agencies, including the Human Resources Development Agency (BPSDM) of the Ministry of Public Works (PU). Instagram, as the most popular platform in the world, plays a strategic role in disseminating institutional information. This study focuses on analyzing the PR strategy of BPSDM PU through the management of the Instagram account @pu_bpsdm. The method used is descriptive qualitative through observation, interviews with the Public Communication Team, and literature study. The results of the study show that the PR strategy is implemented through four step according to Cutlip & Center, namely situation analysis, planning, communication implementation, and evaluation. Issue identification is carried out through a top-down and bottom-up approach to ensure that the message is in line with public needs and the agency's agenda. Content production is carried out in a structured manner with a multi-layered verification mechanism, while routine evaluations show a significant increase in engagement from 25.2% (June), 29.28% (July), to 40.84% (August). These findings confirm that the BPSDM PU's digital PR strategy is effective and contributes to strengthening the institution's image in the public communication sphere.

This study analyzes and designs a dual-role web-based ordering information system to optimize order management at Sunrise Bakery. This SME currently faces inefficiencies due to manual recording. The system, developed using the SDLC Waterfall method with PHP and MySQL, serves two main actors: customers, who can order online, browse catalogs, track orders, and pay digitally; and administrators (admin, cashier, owner), who manage products, update stock, input in-store orders, generate daily/monthly sales reports, and manage user access. Black Box Testing confirms all core functions work correctly. The system successfully addresses manual process shortcomings by improving data accuracy and providing real-time monitoring for both customers and management. It offers a comprehensive digital solution to enhance operational efficiency and service quality. Limitations include the lack of integrated digital payment gateways and external messaging. Future development should incorporate payment gateways (e.g., OVO, GoPay), WhatsApp notifications, a mobile application, and predictive analytics for sales and stock forecasting.

This study aims to examine the effect of employee competence, behavioral control, and trust on employee performance at the Bojonegoro District Health Office with Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as an intervening variable. The background of this study is related to the importance of employee performance in achieving public service organizational goals, particularly in the health sector. This study uses an explanatory quantitative method with a Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) approach. The research sample consisted of 100 employees at the Bojonegoro District Health Office. The results of the analysis show that the influence of employee competence on employee performance is not significant, but employee competence has a significant influence on OCB. Behavioral control has a significant effect on employee performance, but its effect on OCB is not significant. Trust has a significant effect on OCB, but its direct effect on employee performance does not. OCB is proven to have a significant effect on employee performance. Therefore, OCB plays an important role as a mediator in improving employee performance. This study provides a theoretical contribution by clarifying the relationship between variables in the context of public service-based government organizations. In practical terms, the results of this study are expected to form the basis for recommendations to improve the quality of human resources and develop managerial strategies at the Bojonegoro District Health Office in order to support the effectiveness and efficiency of public services.

Understanding God in Christian education plays a crucial role in the moral formation of children, as the theological concept of God forms the foundation for values, character, and ethical actions, developed from an early age. In Christian education, the process of moral formation does not simply rely on rules or customs, but rather rests on the child's personal relationship with God as a loving, guiding Being, and the source of truth. This study uses qualitative methods with a library research approach to explore how the concept of God according to Christian theology can serve as a foundation for the comprehensive moral formation of children. The aim of this study is to analyze how God's attributes such as love, holiness, justice, and faithfulness can be applied in the educational process so that the moral values formed are not formalistic but grow from a deep spiritual awareness. The research findings show that a proper understanding of God helps children recognize moral standards rooted in God's character, develop ethical attitudes, and strengthen the internal drive to live according to His will. This research is also expected to contribute to Christian educators in developing theological, contextual, and effective learning strategies to continuously cultivate children's morality in accordance with the principles of the Christian faith.

Ecclesiology and the church's calling amidst the development of the times marked by increasingly dynamic social, cultural, technological, and lifestyle changes. The background of the problem in this paper departs from the fact that the church often faces challenges in maintaining its theological identity while responding to the demands of the modern era, so that a contextual and relevant understanding of ecclesiology is needed. The research method used is a qualitative method with a library research approach, namely reviewing and analyzing various library sources such as the Bible, theological books, scientific journals, and church documents related to ecclesiology and the role of the church. The purpose of writing this article is to re-examine the nature of the church from a theological perspective and formulate the church's calling to remain faithful to God's mission amidst the changing times. The benefits of this paper are expected to provide theoretical contributions to the development of church theology studies and become material for practical reflection for the church in carrying out its duties of fellowship, service, witness, and diakonia in a relevant, contextual, and responsible manner in modern society.

This study analyzes the role of Islamic leadership in enhancing educational innovation through the integration of managerial, spiritual, and collaborative values ​​in Islamic schools. Using a qualitative literature review method, this study investigates how principals can apply the principles of amanah (trust) and ithqan (trustworthiness) as a basis for professional and ethical management. The results indicate that effective leadership in madrasas requires a balance between spiritual values, managerial competencies, and a collaborative culture that supports educational excellence. Furthermore, this study emphasizes the importance of educational supervision as a strategy for maintaining innovation and continuous improvement in Islamic educational institutions. An Islamic leadership approach that prioritizes integrity, professionalism, and knowledge sharing will foster an innovative and productive environment. Principals, as leaders, are not only responsible for academic success but must also be able to build a harmonious work climate, prioritize ethics, and continuously encourage positive changes in the learning process. Thus, this study contributes to the development of relevant leadership models in the context of Islamic education.

Globalization and the penetration of digital culture have accelerated the homogenization of values, which has weakened the cultural identity and social character of the younger generation. This condition places local wisdom as a source of values that not only needs to be preserved but also systematically transformed in education. This article offers a critical analysis of the integration of local wisdom in character education as a mechanism for social transformation. Using a structured literature review approach, this study analyzes the concept of local wisdom, the role of teachers as agents of cultural preservation, the challenges of implementation in the context of modern education, and strategic models for integrating local values into the curriculum and school culture. The findings show that local values such as gotong royong (mutual cooperation), tepa selira (harmony), Tri Hita Karana (harmony between humans, nature, and the divine), Silih Asah Asih Asuh (mutual encouragement, love, and care), ABS-SBK (mutual respect, honesty, and integrity), and various traditional philosophies of the archipelago have proven effective in strengthening students' social character, enhancing social cohesion, and strengthening national identity. However, obstacles such as the dominance of global culture, low cultural literacy among teachers, and weak national curriculum support are significant hindrances. This article proposes a three-layer integrative model of contextual curriculum, culture-based pedagogy, and participatory school culture as a strategy for transforming social values that are adaptive to the challenges of the digital age. The conclusion emphasizes that character education based on local wisdom is not only an instrument for cultural preservation but also a strategic framework for building social resilience and national identity amid rapid global change.

Academic stress is one of the main challenges experienced by postgraduate students due to complex academic workloads, such as thesis writing, scientific publications, work demands, and personal roles. This condition can trigger emotional exhaustion, decreased concentration, anxiety, and burnout. This study used the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method to analyze the role of mindfulness as a stress management strategy in college students. The literature analyzed included studies from 2020–2025 that examined the relationship between mindfulness and academic stress, including interventions based on Mindfulness-Based Stress Reduction (MBSR) and Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy (MBCT). The study results showed that mindfulness has a significant effect on reducing academic stress, improving emotional regulation, learning focus, sleep quality, and psychological well-being. Mindfulness also helps students build resilience and develop adaptive mindsets in dealing with academic pressure. These findings confirm that mindfulness can be an effective and applicable strategy in supporting the mental health of postgraduate students.

This parenting seminar was designed to increase parents' capacity to understand and implement integrative holistic parenting, encompassing education, health, nutrition, and psychosocial aspects of children. An integrative holistic approach is considered important because child growth and development are influenced not only by formal education but also by health conditions, adequate nutrition, and emotional and social support from the family environment. This activity aims to provide comprehensive education to parents so they can carry out their parenting role optimally and sustainably. The activity was implemented using an interactive seminar method involving the delivery of material by competent speakers in the fields of childcare, education, and health, accompanied by discussions and a question-and-answer session that encouraged active participant participation. The material presented focused on understanding the concept of integrative holistic parenting, strategies for implementing positive parenting patterns, and the role of parents in supporting children's physical, emotional, social, and cognitive development. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in parents' knowledge, understanding, and attitudes regarding the importance of comprehensive and integrated parenting. Parents became more aware of their role as key figures in shaping character and optimizing children's potential from an early age. This seminar made a real contribution in equipping parents to be able to create a healthy, safe, and supportive parenting environment. This activity is expected to become a model for developing parental capacity in a sustainable manner with an integrative holistic approach as the key to successful child growth and development.

This research examines the implementation of the curator’s role in the bankruptcy process following the Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) based on Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Postponement of Debt Payment Obligations. The main objective of this study is to analyze the role, authority, and challenges faced by curators in carrying out their duties in accordance with Indonesia’s positive legal framework. This research employs a normative juridical approach combined with an empirical juridical approach, incorporating a review of legal literature, court rulings, and statutory regulations, as well as interviews with curators and supervising judges in commercial courts. The findings reveal that curators play a central role as administrators and liquidators of bankrupt estates, with the authority to inventory, secure, manage, and liquidate the debtor’s assets to protect creditors’ interests. Pursuant to Law Number 37 of 2004, curators are also responsible for overseeing the bankruptcy process, preparing reports, and ensuring that the distribution of liquidation proceeds is conducted transparently and equitably. However, the implementation of this role often faces obstacles such as limited curator competence and resources, external interference, the complexity of bankruptcy laws, and inadequate judicial supervision. This study emphasizes the importance of legal reform, professional capacity building, and the adoption of digital technology to enhance the effectiveness of Indonesia’s bankruptcy system. A professional, accountable, and integrity-driven curator is essential to achieving the fundamental objectives of bankruptcy law—ensuring fair, efficient, and transparent debt settlement for all parties involved.

The development of modern education demands that teachers play a broader role beyond merely delivering subject matter, including building professional reputation, credibility, and positive influence on students, colleagues, parents, and society. For Christian Religious Education teachers, personal branding has a deeper dimension because they also serve as role models and ambassadors of Christian values. This study aims to describe the formation of personal branding among Christian Religious Education teachers based on spiritual and theological values, as well as its impact on teaching and student character development. The method used is descriptive qualitative through a literature study of books, journals, notes, and relevant reports, with narrative analysis to illustrate the practices and values that shape teachers’ personal branding. The findings indicate that the personal branding of Christian Religious Education teachers is an integration of professional competence, personal integrity, and Christian values, encompassing authenticity, consistency, professionalism, spiritual and moral role modeling, inspirational and communicative abilities, adaptation to technology, and positive relationships with students and the community. Spiritual and theological values such as Christian love, integrity, humility, patience, justice, service, and commitment to God’s Word form the main foundation that strengthens teachers’ credibility, motivates students, and establishes them as living examples of Christian life. Personal branding for Christian Religious Education teachers is not merely an image or popularity, but a real reflection of faith, character, and daily behavior consistent with Christian teachings, thus supporting effective learning, student character formation, and the teacher’s reputation as an authentic, inspiring, and professional educator.  

Handling cases of domestic violence (KDRT) requires an approach that not only focuses on sanctions for perpetrators, but also on the comprehensive recovery of victims. One of the appropriate methods is restorative justice, which is focused on restoring social relations, psychological recovery for the victim, and the participation of all parties involved in the process of resolving the case. In this context, lawyers play a strategic role, not only as defenders of the law, but also as facilitators of a just and supportive restorative process for victims. This study aims to analyze in depth the role of lawyers in the implementation of restorative justice in domestic violence cases, as well as identify the challenges and opportunities faced in practice. The applied approach includes normative juridical and sociological with qualitative data analysis. The findings indicate that lawyers play a crucial role in ensuring victims ' rights are protected, providing trauma-sensitive legal assistance, and encouraging restorative agreements that do not harm victims. Therefore, it is necessary to increase the capacity of lawyers, the development of more comprehensive regulations, and cooperation between sectors to support the implementation of restorative justice that is efficient and in favor of victims of domestic violence.