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Misconseption are errors in understanding concepts than often occur in the context of science learning, particulary on the greenhouse effect, this study aims to address student’s misconceptions by implementing thePredict-Observe-Explain (POE) learning model in grade VI elementary school students. The study employed the Penelitian Tindakan Kelas (PTK) method based on the kemmis and McTggart model, which consists of four main stage: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The reseach subjek consisted of students from grade VI from SDN 13 Cingkariang. Data wewre Collected using Questionnaires and analyzed quantitatively based on pre-test and post-test result. The findings revealed the prior to that application of the POE model, only 15% of students had agoog understnading of the greenhouse effect, while 40% had partial understanding, and 45% did not understand the concept at all. After implementing the POE model, student’s understanding improve significantly, with 70% able to make accurate predictions. 80% actively involved in observation, ang 35% able to explain the greenhouse effect comprehensively. The implementation of the POE model has proven to be effective in correcting misconcepsions and improving student’s understanding through active and exploratory learning.

Formal educational institutions in Indonesia require spiritual learning in learning activities, just as Islamic religious education has an important role in shaping the character of students. This article was written using qualitative methods with literature study for data collection. The results of this article's research review are that the role of PAI teachers makes a huge contribution, apart from spiritual teaching and moral insight, Islamic Religious Education educators function as role models for students, and help them develop strong ethical, social and emotional values. This shows how important the role of Islamic Religious Education teachers is in turning students into ethical individuals. Different from educators in other fields, these teachers bear greater responsibilities, especially in forming Islamic character.

This study looks at 1) the typical math problem-solving mistakes students make using the Newmann procedure after learning with digital books through guided discovery, 2) errors related to how independent students are in their learning, and 3) how independent students are in their learning after using the guided discovery model. Analysis is descriptive in this research. This research included SMPS Dharma Patra grade VIII students. Data analysis indicated that 1) students made the most errors in solving mathematical problems-solving problems based on the Newmann procedure after the guided discovery learning model using digital books was applied: high-category students made encoding errors, and medium-category students made process skill errors and writing errors. 2) Moderate learning independence pupils make 20% transformation mistakes, 80% process skill errors, and 90% writing errors. Students with limited learning independence make 66.67% comprehension errors, 77.78% transformation errors, 100% process skill errors, and 100% final response writing errors. In addition, 36.67% of high-learning independence kids satisfied all criteria. Moderate learning independence students meet four to five markers at 33.34%. Low learning independence students meet one to three markers at 30%.

This research aimed at finding out the effect of Quantum Learning model toward student self-confidence in Social Science learning at Islamic Junior Hight School of Al-Muttaqin Pekanbaru. Two classes, IX.C (experimental) and IX.G (control), were chosen using purposive sampling and a quantitative quasi-experimental design. Observation, surveys, and documentation were used to gather data, and Excel and SPSS 25 were used to analyze the results using t-tests, effect size, and N-Gain. Results indicated that the experimental group's self-confidence (mean = 86.76) was significantly higher than that of the control group (mean = 80.38), with a p-value of 0.000 (< 0.05), a moderate effect size of 0.51, and an N-Gain of 42.33% (moderate) vs 10.66% (low). These results attest to the Quantum Learning model's efficacy in raising students' self-convidence.

The purpose of this study was to improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Arso through the application of the group discussion method in Catholic religion lessons on the role of school material for my development. The type of research to be carried out is Classroom Action Research, this research was conducted at SMP Negeri 3 Arso, Keerom Regency, Papua Province. The research subjects were class VII students totalling 21 people. This research was conducted in the odd semester of the 2024/2025 school year, namely in August 2024. The increase in the average score in Catholic religion subjects, the material on the role of school for my development from cycle 1 to cycle 2 has increased, this shows that the group discussion method can improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students of SMP Negeri 3 Arso. Based on the results of observations in classroom action research obtained that during the implementation of cycle 1 and continued cycle 2 changes occurred, namely that the average score of students increased from 69.23 in cycle 1 increased to 72.71 in cycle 2, the results of student scores reached the KKM which is 70, so that the group discussion learning model can improve the learning outcomes of students in grade VII SMP Negeri 3 Arso.

This study aims to enhance students' learning activities and outcomes through the implementation of the Wordwall assisted Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in the Ecosystem topic for Phase E at SMA N 1 Nan Sabaris. The research was conducted at SMAN 1 Nan Sabaris in class X.E.5 during the even semester of the 2024/2025 academic year, with 36 students as subjects. This study is a classroom action research consisting of two cycles, each comprising two sessions. Each cycle follows four stages: planning, implementation, observation, and reflection, using the Wordwall-assisted Problem-Based Learning model. Data on students' learning activities and outcomes were collected based on observation sheets of learning activities and student learning outcome tests. The application of the Wordwall-assisted Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model proved effective in improving students' learning activities and outcomes in the Ecosystem topic. This success was demonstrated by increased participation and enthusiasm among students during the learning process. Learning outcomes improved by 45%. This increase indicates that the corrective measures taken, such as adding instructional videos and modifying Wordwall games, successfully enhanced students' understanding and mastery of the material.

 Edwin Ray Guthrie's learning theory, known as the concept of contiguity, emphasizes the importance of a direct relationship between stimulus and response in the learning process. According to this theory, a response tends to be repeated if the same stimulus reappears, thus becoming the main key in forming certain habits or behaviors. In the context of Christian Religious Education (PAK), this theory is relevant to be applied in teaching moral and spiritual values, such as love, honesty, loyalty, and forgiveness. Learning based on fragmentation and conditioning aims to shape the character of students consistently, sustainably, and in a directed manner according to Christian teachings. The main challenge in implementing this theory is maintaining the consistency of the stimulus in a dynamic classroom environment and requiring teachers to act not only as a transmitter of material, but also as a real life role model for students. Therefore, Guthrie's theory needs to be adapted through a more holistic approach, by integrating spiritual reflection, habituation of Christian values, and contextual application. Support for the repetition method is also found in Bible teachings, such as Deuteronomy 6:4-9, which emphasizes the importance of teaching the values ​​of faith continuously and sustainably to the next generation.

The activity of mentoring mosque youth in the routine of tadarus every Friday night at the Al Amanah Mosque, Ngingas, Waru, Sidoarjo aims to increase interest in studying the Koran in the community, especially among teenagers. Through the Asset Based Community Development (ABCD) approach, this service utilizes local potential such as the spirit of mutual cooperation, the presence of active mosque youth, and support from religious figures. The results of the activity show an increase in community participation in tadarus, an increase in the ability to read the Koran, and the formation of religious character and social solidarity between residents. This activity not only makes the mosque a place of worship, but also a center for inclusive and sustainable religious learning. Active participation of teenagers in tadarus activities is also a means of developing leadership and forming Islamic character. This activity is expected to be a model of religious-based community empowerment that can be replicated in other environments with ongoing support from various parties.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

Improving the quality of leraning in vocational high school (SMK) is essential to meet the demands of a competency-based workforce, especially in the Agricultural Food Crop and Horticultural Agribusiness expertise program. One of the challenges faced is the low student achievement in practical subjects, such as Grafting techniques. This study aims to enhance the learning outcomes of grade X ATPH 2 students at SMK negeri 1 Gondang through the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) model in the Agribusiness Food Crop and Horticulture subject, focusing on grafting material. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, starting from the pre-cycle to cycle I. the research involved 30 students and was conducted from February to April 2025. The instrument used was a cognitive test analyzed quantitatively to measure student learning outcomes. The results showed an increase in the average student score from 51.23 in the pre-cycle to 76.2 in cycle I. the percentage of learning mastery also significantly increased from 16% to 57%. The implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PjBl) model provided a concrete and comprehensible learning experience, enhancing student participation and motivation.

The rapid transformation toward a digital economy has led to the emergence of the gig economy as a new form of employment relationship. This shift demands the development of new competencies among the workforce, particularly in digital economic literacy, which encompasses the ability to manage flexible income, understand platform-related risks, and optimize digital work opportunities. This study aims to explore the experiences of gig workers in building digital economic competencies and to analyze the challenges faced by educational institutions and human resource development (HRD) programs in preparing an adaptive workforce for this flexible work model. Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, this study investigates the subjective experiences of gig workers in Indonesia. The findings reveal a significant gap between the digital economic competencies demanded by the new work ecosystem and the preparedness provided by formal education and vocational training systems. Based on these findings, the study recommends the development of HRD strategies centered on digital economic literacy, the adaptation of vocational education curricula, and the design of lifelong learning programs to strengthen workforce resilience in the era of the gig economy.

The study aims to develop a snake and ladder game media, in order to determine the awareness of students' disciplinary behavior at SMA Negeri 4 Kota Serang after using the snake and ladder game learning media. The method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the development of the 4D model. The results of the product feasibility test obtained an average value of 86%, which means it is very feasible to be implemented. Limited trials were conducted on The trial was conducted on 11 students of class X MIPA 6 SMAN 4 Kota Serang who were identified as having a low level of discipline. The results of the data analysis showed that although the majority of students showed good disciplinary behavior, there was a group of students with a low level of discipline. This indicates the need for innovative and fun learning strategies to increase awareness and disciplinary behavior, especially for students with low scores  

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of uring the Project Based Learning model on the ability to write narrative texts in grade IV students at UPT SDN 18 Gresik. The type of research used is quantitative research with an experimental reseacrh method. The experimental research method used is a quasi esperiment, because in this study the researcher cannot control all variables. The subjects involved in this research were class 4 of UPT SDN 18 Gresik in the 2024/2025 academic year, totaling 54 students who were divided into 2 classes, namely class IVA and IVB. The analysis used is descriptive statistical analysis and inferential statistical analysis. Based on the result of the analysis that has been done, the average value of the post-test value of the experimental class is 83,77. While in the control class, the average value is 78,56. From these results, it it proven by hypothesis testing using the independent sample T Test at a significance level of α = 0,05 showing a Sig value of 0,000, which means the Sig value < 0,05.

This study aims to analyze the implementation of project-based learning through the creation of clipping envelope(KLIPOP) of norms in the Pancasila Education subject, as well as to evaluate its impact on improving the learning outcomes of fifth-grade students at SDN Kutorejo 1 Tuban. The background of this research is the low student achievement in Pancasila Education, often caused by conventional, theoretical teaching methods that lack connection to students’ real-life experiences. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (CAR) with a descriptive quantitative approach. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and the results of pre-tests and post-tests. The findings show that project-based learning is effective in improving students’ learning outcomes. This is evidenced by the increase in the average test score from 74.8 (pre-test) to 91.3 (post-test). Students also demonstrated greater engagement, creativity, and collaboration in understanding the norms contained in Pancasila. By involving students in contextual activities, such as collecting information and creatively designing norm envelopes, learning becomes more meaningful and applicable. Therefore, this learning model can serve as a strategic alternative to enhance students’ understanding and academic performance in Pancasila Education at the elementary level.

This study aims to develop and evaluate Prezi-based audiovisual learning media on biographical text material for class X students of SMK Swasta Kristen Tomosa 1. The development of this media uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the ADDIE model which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. The results of the study indicate that Prezi-based audiovisual media has very good feasibility based on validation from three experts: material experts reaching (76.2%), language experts reaching (82.8%), and design experts reaching (85.7%). The practicality of the developed media is assessed through student response questionnaires in small group trials reaching (87%), which indicates that this media is very practical to use in learning. The effectiveness of the developed media is measured by the results of student learning tests, which show a percentage completion of 100% with an average score of 90, which meets the Learning Objective Achievement Criteria (KKTP). Based on these results, it can be concluded that Prezi-based audiovisual media is feasible, practical and effective to use for learning biographical text material at SMK Swasta Kristen Tomosa 1.

The low level of student learning activity negatively impacts learning outcomes, often falling below the KKTP standard. To enhance both learning activities and results, the discovery learning model supported by CWP was implemented. This study employed Classroom Action Research, utilizing observation sheets, learning outcome assessments, field notes, and documentation as research instruments. Data on learning activities were gathered through observation and analyzed by calculating the percentage of each activity. Learning outcomes were assessed descriptively to determine students' average performance and the percentage of students achieving classical learning completeness. Research findings indicate that student learning activity percentages improved across cycles: cycle I recorded 28.48%, while cycle II increased to 51.36%. Similarly, average learning outcomes progressed, with pre-cycle scores at 70.53, cycle I at 71.56, and cycle II at 82.18. These results demonstrate that implementing the discovery learning model with CWP support can effectively enhance learning activities and positively influence student performance.

The purpose of this study was to develop flipbook learning media to improve listening skills in news texts of class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bawolato. The implementation procedure or research method used is Research and Development (R&D) with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten stages ranging from potential and problems to mass production. The subjects in this study were class VII students of SMP Negeri 1 Bawolato, even semester class VII-A totaling 6 people, 3 boys and 3 girls, class VII-B totaling 31 people, 17 boys and 14 girls. The results of the study showed that the flipbook media had been validated by three experts, namely material, language, and design experts with a percentage level of 100% for each aspect tested so that it was categorized as "very feasible" to use. The practicality test conducted on a small group showed that the flipbook scored 96.21% which means "very practical" in its use. In addition, the results of the effectiveness test conducted on a large group showed an effectiveness level of 83.87% which was categorized as "very effective" in improving students' listening skills. It was concluded that flipbook learning media to improve listening skills in news texts was very feasible, practical, and effective in supporting learning to listen to news texts in class VII. It is hoped that further researchers will use this research as additional insight to carry out research.  

Decarbonization technology plays a crucial role in reducing carbon emissions in the energy sector, addressing climate change concerns, and achieving sustainability goals. This paper explores the latest innovations in decarbonization technologies, including carbon capture and storage (CCS), direct air capture (DAC), renewable energy integration, green hydrogen production, and smart grid systems. The study analyzes the feasibility, efficiency, and challenges associated with implementing these technologies at a large scale. Furthermore, the paper discusses policy frameworks, economic implications, and technological advancements that drive the successful deployment of decarbonization strategies. By leveraging machine learning, artificial intelligence, and optimization models, modern energy systems can enhance their efficiency and reduce their carbon footprint. The research also highlights case studies of countries that have successfully implemented decarbonization technologies and provides recommendations for future developments. The findings suggest that a combination of innovative technologies, strong policy support, and strategic investments is necessary to accelerate the transition toward a low-carbon energy system.

This study aims to develop a Canva-based Digital Scrapbook as a learning medium for negotiation texts for tenth-grade students at SMK Negeri 1 Sogae'adu. The research uses the Research and Development (R&D) method with the Borg and Gall model, which includes ten steps: identifying problems, collecting data, designing products, validating designs, revising, product testing, revising, usage testing, final revisions, and mass production. The product trial was conducted with 6 students from class X MP 2, and the usage trial with 33 students from class X MP 1. The media was validated by three experts: material, language, and design. Material validation reached a score of 60 out of 60 (100%), language validation scored 40 out of 40 (100%), and design validation showed high feasibility. The practicality of the media, based on student questionnaires, was 91%. Effectiveness was shown by increased post-test scores, with 81% of students meeting the learning completeness criteria. The results indicate that Canva-based Digital Scrapbook media is highly feasible, practical, and effective for learning negotiation texts. This media improves student engagement, concept understanding, and interest. It supports student-centered learning and fits the needs of 21st-century students who prefer interactive, and visual, and creative approaches to understand material better.

International Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) face significant challenges in improving global competitiveness due to limited resources and access to effective market analysis, despite contributing 45% to the global economy (OECD, 2025). This research aims to develop an integrated machine learning (ML) model with a mixed-methods approach to optimise cross-border MSME market analysis. A combination of quantitative (transaction data analysis of 500 Indonesian export MSMEs 2020-2024 using XGBoost and SEM-AMOS) and qualitative (interviews with 15 MSME players) methods revealed that the XGBoost model achieved 89% accuracy in predicting market trends, with key variables including social media sentiment (28%) and exchange rate fluctuations (19%). Qualitative results show that 65% of MSMEs face cross-border regulatory barriers that ML models do not detect. The findings extend the Resource-Based View theory by validating AI-driven market intelligence as a strategic asset (β = 0.67, p 0.7. This research highlights the importance of technology integration and contextual adaptation in the digital transformation of MSMEs.