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Waste management poses an inevitable challenge in human life and is often poorly handled. One type of waste causing significant issues is solid organic waste from households, which can lead to unpleasant odors and soil and water pollution due to its high organic content. However, the potential of organic waste to be converted into biogas, as an alternative energy source, can be harnessed through anaerobic processes. In this experiment, the researchers aimed to observe the effectiveness of adding additives to organic waste with varying doses. The organic content in the substrate for anaerobic microbes was represented by VS (volatile solid), with the inoculum sourced from cow dung. The experiment results indicate that adding NPK fertilizer additives with different doses increases biogas production. This suggests that the use of NPK additive can enhance the efficiency of anaerobic processes in generating biogas from organic waste.

This research aims to improve the effectiveness of lung cancer classification performance using Support Vector Machines (SVM) with hyperparameter tuning. Using Radial Basis Function (RBF) kernels in SVM helps deal with non-linear problems. At the same time, hyperparameter tuning is done through Random Grid Search to find the best combination of parameters. Where the best parameter settings are C = 10, Gamma = 10, Probability = True. Test results show that the tuned SVM improves accuracy, precision, specificity, and F1 score significantly. However, there was a slight decrease in recall, namely 0.02. Even though recall is one of the most important measuring tools in disease classification, especially in imbalanced datasets, specificity also plays a vital role in avoiding misidentifying negative cases. Without hyperparameter tuning, the specificity results are so poor that considering both becomes very important. Overall, the best performance obtained by the proposed method is 0.99 for accuracy, 1.00 for precision, 0.98 for recall, 0.99 for f1-score, and 1.00 for specificity. This research confirms the potential of tuned SVMs in addressing complex data classification challenges and offers important insights for medical diagnostic applications.

There are many taxpayers who have not paid their motor vehicle tax, even though the aim of the motor vehicle tax reduction program in Riau Province is so that taxpayers pay their motor vehicle tax after the tax payment period has passed. This research aims to see how effectively the motor vehicle tax reduction program in Riau Province has been running. The research method this time is using a qualitative research method. The reason the researcher used a qualitative research method was so that the researcher could see and analyze the extent to which the effectiveness of the motor vehicle tax reduction program in Riau Province was running. The theory in this research uses Mahmudi's effectiveness theory which consists of quality, quantity and time. The results of this research are that the motor vehicle tax whitening program that is already underway in Riau Province cannot be said to be effective. According to calculations, the number of vehicles that are in arrears in their motor vehicle tax payments is around 1 million vehicles and so far those who have utilized the motor vehicle tax whitening program in Riau Province are around 390 thousand motor vehicles. With this number of vehicles, researchers can conclude that less than half of the number of motorized vehicles in Riau Province have paid their motor vehicle tax which is in arrears. Of course, the hope is that the vehicle tax reduction program in Riau Province can make people aware of their tax obligations, where this program also exists to relieve people because they no longer need to pay administrative tax fines, they just have to pay the principal tax.

Learning that focuses on students' problem-solving abilities is the focus of higher education. Students who are able to develop critical thinking skills in solving problems are a necessity along with changes in workforce capability needs in the informatics era. One of the mathematics lessons at the higher education unit level is discrete mathematics. The problem that arises in discrete mathematics learning is that learning outcomes and the percentage of students completing lectures are still relatively low. The aim of this research is to improve students' solving abilities through the application of the project based learning method. This research uses classroom action research methods. The application of the project based learning method in discrete mathematics courses with graph material can improve students' abilities in solving mathematical problems, this can be seen from the research results after corrective actions were taken in learning activities in Cycles I and II. Based on the research results, it shows that through project-based learning, third semester RB class students in the Informatics Engineering Education Program at Indraprasta University PGRI Jakarta have improved their ability to solve mathematical problems in terms of individual grades and classical completion.  

The application of the STAD type cooperative learning method (Student Teams-Achievement Divisions) is a relevant strategy in efforts to improve students' mathematical abilities. In this research, we examine the effectiveness of using the STAD type cooperative learning style in improving students' mathematical abilities. This approach involves dividing students into small teams to encourage collaboration, joint problem solving, and knowledge exchange. We evaluated the impact of implementing this learning model on students' mathematical abilities and gained insight into effective learning strategies in the context of improving mathematics achievement.

WHO data shows that one fifth of the world's population are teenagers aged 10-19 years, of which 900 million are in developing countries. Adolescence is a transition period from childhood to adulthood. Adolescents tend to become more focused on attracting the attention of the opposite sex in order to gain an understanding of aspects of sexuality. Lack of knowledge about reproductive health can cause various problems, one of which is the occurrence of unwanted pregnancies (KTD), abortion, early marriage and marriage, STIs or STDs and HIV/AIDS. The aim of this research is to determine the influence of reproductive health education on adolescent knowledge about reproductive health at MTs. Miftahul Falah Bekasi in 2023. The research method used is the Pre-experimental One Group With Pre-Post Test Design method. Sampling was taken using purposive sampling as many as 47 respondents. Data analysis used frequency distribution and Wilcoxon test. This research uses primary data from filling out questionnaires by respondents. The results of this study show a p value of 0.102 > 0.05. The conclusion is that Ha is rejected or Ho is accepted, meaning there is no significant influence on providing health education on increasing teenagers' knowledge about reproductive health at MTs. Miftahul Falah Bekasi in 2023. It is hoped that this research will become a reference for increasing teenagers' knowledge about reproductive health and can be used as a reference for increasing knowledge and intensive approaches for teachers and students. It is hoped that the results of this research can serve as policy guidelines for schools to provide comprehensive health education in schools that includes accurate and evidence-based information about reproductive health, including the risk of sexually transmitted diseases, contraceptive methods, and the importance of healthy relationships.

This article has been retracted at the request of the Editor-in-Chief. The journal was alerted to issues within this article, including significant overlap in content, methodology, and visual materials with another previously published article: "Social Engineering Attack Classifications on Social Media Using Deep Learning" (DOI: 10.32604/cmc.2023.032373) published in Computers, Materials & Continua in 2023. Upon thorough investigation, it was found that the article substantially reproduces ideas, methodologies, and figures from the original work without proper attribution, violating the ethical standards of the journal and academic publishing. The authors were contacted and asked to provide an explanation for these concerns. The corresponding author acknowledged the oversight and accepted responsibility for the duplication. Consequently, the authors formally requested the withdrawal of the paper. As per journal policy, the Editor-in-Chief has decided to retract the article due to a breach of publication ethics. The journal sincerely regrets that these issues were not detected during the manuscript screening and review process and apologizes to the authors of the original article, as well as to the readers of the journal. For more information on the journal’s ethical policies, please visit: Retraction Policy.

In Indonesia, especially in rural areas, the number of traditional birth attendants is still high, namely 75% to 80%. Delivery assistance performed by traditional birth attendants can cause various problems and is the main cause of maternal death which is high in perinatal and morbidity. Many factors influence the choice of assistance by adat, one of which is the factor of pregnancy education. This study aims to study the selection of aid distribution according to the traditional view of education for pregnant women in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District. This type of research is an analytic observational study using a cross sectional research design. The population is pregnant women who gave birth from January 2020 to December 2020 in the village of Pukdale, East Kupang District. The sample is pregnant women who gave birth in January 2020 to December 2020 in Pukdale Village, East Kupang District, a sample of 35 mothers who gave birth in a weaving village using a variable or complete saturation sampling technique. To determine the relationship between the education variables of pregnant women with the help of selection by Traditional labor uses the chi-square statistical test with =0.05. The results showed that 68% of the sample was aged 20-30 years, 54% of the sample had low education (didn't finish elementary school/didn't go to school, elementary or junior high school) and 66% of the sample gave birth with the help of a dukun. Mothers who gave birth to traditional healers, namely 73.9%, and mothers with low education gave birth to 83.3% of health workers with higher education. The results of statistical tests with a significance level (=0.05) showed that there was a relationship between the education of pregnant women and assistance in selecting births by traditional birth attendants. So it can be concluded that pregnant women's education is related to choosing traditional delivery assistance and recommends that health workers in the regions can provide health education to the community about the risks that can occur if pregnant women give birth at midwives and need to increase cooperation with traditional midwives (traditional partnerships) in labor matters.

The representation process for mapping malnutrition rates in the Waingapu City District area does not yet use computer technology, so the process of monitoring malnutrition rates in each region is still not presented well. This certainly makes it difficult for cadres and the Health Service to monitor the rate of malnutrition in the Waingapu City District Area. Therefore, it is necessary to build an information system that is able to provide data, both in the form of graphs and maps, for mapping malnutrition rates in the Waingapu City District area. The design and development of this information system was carried out using data collection methods and direct interviews with the Waingapu City Health Service, by looking for other references related to similar research. The aim of designing a web-based geographic information system for data collection on malnutrition sufferers is to help the community and the Health Service in monitoring and handling cases of malnutrition in the Waingapu City District area. This Geographic Information System will display malnutrition data based on sub-districts using color polygons as signs that provide information about safe conditions or conditions that require further treatment. The method used in creating a website is waterfall and goes through six stages, namely: the Reguirement Analysis (Analysis), Design (design), Development (coding), Testing (trial), and maintenance (maintenance) stages and system testing is carried out using black box.

In the current global era, character building is needed in all fields, especially in companies that want their human resources to be better at work. "The Flash" New Character Building is a form of training for PT Swabina Gatra in creating employees who are competent and have active, flexible, intelligent and humble personalities. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative, by interviewing trainees and training participants directly and making observations during the activity. The new findings that occurred when this training was carried out were changes in the participants' mentality to become more agile and adaptive to the surrounding environment, the presence of stimulus and The response from the trainer makes the participants have higher motivation and enthusiasm. Regular training programs are carried out with the aim of being a refreshing activity for employees. The implications of The Flash New Character Building training have positive implications in improving personal quality, performance and interpersonal relationships of individuals, as well as forming a good organizational culture

Cross-sector land registration is land registration with subsidized assistance for low- income people who work in small and medium enterprises, SMEs, agriculture, fishermen, and fish farmers, in this case financing land rights certification services at the land office. That is how the issue is stated. (1) How Kupang City should go about implementing cross-sector land registration. (2) What are the challenges facing Kupang City in adopting cross-sector land registration? (3) How may cross-sector land registration be implemented in Kupang City? Empirical research is the methodology employed, and data is gathered through a literature review and interviewing 20 respondents. The findings of the study demonstrate (1) Kupang City's cross-sector land registration implementation procedure. Cross-sector land registration is implemented sporadically, making it a cross-sectoral process. sector comes before the gathering of legal data. (2) Obstacles to the implementation of cross-sector land registration in Kupang City include many incomplete documents, absences during the socialization of land title certificates, and problems with the applicant's land. (3) The solution to the obstacles to implementing cross-sector land registration is that the land authorities carry out monitoring and evaluation every week From the onset to the conclusion of the cross-sector implementation, and the community participates more in cross- sector implementation activities. This research has led to the following conclusions: (1) cross-sector land registration implementation Planning, negotiation, team building, gathering legal data, certification, and reporting are the phases of implementation that will take place in Kupang City based on the decision made by the head of the Kupang City Land Office. (2) Barriers to the implementation of cross-sector land registration In Kupang City, obstacles occur internally and externally, internal land parties must build relationships with related agencies and externally there are still many incomplete files, lack of community participation and land problems. (3) How to get around roadblocks in the way of Kupang's cross-sector land registration implementation; how to have officers be more proactive in reaching out to pertinent agencies and supplying information about cross-sector land registration.

A hospital is an organization that, with all its health facilities, is expected to help patients improve their health and achieve optimal healing both physically, psychologically and socially. One profession that has an important role in maintaining the quality of health services is nursing. Nursing is the activity of providing care to individuals, families, groups or communities, whether sick or healthy, because nurses in carrying out nursing practice must always improve the quality of service by following developments in science and technology through education and training according to their field. Work. This research is a type of quantitative research with a cross-sectional design approach. The results of the analysis show that the Chi Square value for extroverted personality characteristics is 0.030 and introverted personality is 0.019, indicating that there is a relationship between personality characteristics and nurses' caring behavior. Based on the characteristics of the respondents, it is known that the majority of respondents are women, with the largest age range being 22-40 years, the dominant education level is D-III nursing and the majority of respondents are single. The results of the chi-square analysis showed that the significant relationship between personality characteristics (extroversion and introversion) has major implications for nursing practice and human resource management in health care settings. A deep understanding of these interrelationships provides a foundation for improving the quality of nursing care, managing balanced care teams, and personalizing approaches to providing care to patients.

This research examines the validity of agreements regarding the inclusion of exoneration clauses in e-commerce transactions. Agreements between marketplace companies and their users are packaged in the form of standard agreements. This allows for the inclusion of eksonerasi clauses containing exoneration elements that may harm users. The research method used by the Author is normative legal research with a prescriptive nature. The types and sources of research data include primary data consisting of legislation, basic principles, jurisprudence, and other fundamental regulations, as well as secondary data obtained through literature review. Based on the research findings, the use of standard agreements is generally allowed as long as it does not violate Article 18 paragraph (1) of the Consumer Protection Law. Such violation constitutes a breach of the conditions for the validity of the agreement in terms of a lawful cause, thus rendering the use of exoneration clauses legally void.

This research aims to analyze the extent of LMKN's authority to act as a legal protection institution for the economic rights of copyright holders and legal protection efforts for copyright violations, especially Mechanical Rights. This research is normative legal research that is prescriptive and applied with a case approach, namely examining one case of copyright infringement by duplicating songs/Musik without permission from the Creator and Owner of Related Rights as stated in the Decision of the Central Jakarta Commercial Court Number: 35 /Pdt.Sus-Copyright/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. The collection of legal materials was carried out by conducting library studies and research on the legal sources used, namely primary and secondary legal materials. The analysis technique that the author uses is the syllogism method which is deductive, by submitting a major premise and a minor premise that connect each other to create a conclusion. Based on this research, the results obtained show that the LMKN which was created by the Government as a legal protection institution for copyright holders cannot fully become an institution that accommodates the rights of the Copyright Holders themselves. This is due to the limitations of LMKN which only deals with song copyrights of the Performing Rights type, while for Synchronization Rights and Mechanical Rights they must obtain permission directly from the Creator and Owner of the Related Rights. For this reason, in this writing the author includes Decision Number: 35/Pdt.Sus-Hak Copyright/2021/PN.Jkt.Pst. where in this case the resolution efforts that can be taken if a copyright violation occurs will be analyzed.

The aim of this research is to determine the role of educational technology in changing the landscape of Indonesian language education in the digital era. The methodology used includes a literature review to identify recent developments in the use of educational technology in language teaching. The results of this research show that educational technology has contributed significantly to improving the quality and efficiency of learning, facilitating distance learning through platforms such as Zoom and Google Meet, and encouraging innovation in educational strategies. This study shows that the role of educational technology does not only focus on technical aspects, but also influences the learning paradigm by changing the perspective on the role of teachers and students. However, the use of educational technology also presents challenges, including accessibility and socio- psychological impacts on students. Therefore, sophisticated strategies are needed to effectively incorporate educational technology into the language teaching curriculum. This study provides insight into how educational technology influences the transformation of Indonesian language education in the digital era. The methods and results of this research provide a better understanding of the complex role of educational technology in shaping education that is more adaptive and relevant to current developments.

The marketing process in Islamic economics must be implemented correctly, and in accordance with sharia principles. In distributing products, it must be evenly distributed so that all people can enjoy the product. This research is about e-marketing analysis in increasing sales on shopping applications. The purpose of this research is to find out how marketing strategies increase sales on the Belanjo application. This type of research is descriptive qualitative with primary and secondary data types. The data collection technique in this research uses observation, interview and documentation techniques.The research results show the marketing mix strategy implemented by Belanjo to increase sales, including product availability, price, promotion and place. Supporting and inhibiting factors for the marketing mix strategy implemented by Belanjo in increasing sales, including supporting, conducting socialization and collaboration and increasing employee skills and knowledge. obstacles, low consumer buying interest and the marketing area for chips is still limited. Marketing mix strategies viewed from an Islamic Economics Perspective include: Always decorating charity with the intention of worship and sincerity. Transparency, and the goods are halal and not harmful. Carrying out honest distribution methods, not reducing size, standards, quality and scales fraudulently. Being responsible for the goods received. distributed fairly, and not doing things that are prohibited in Islam. Please help, tolerate and give alms. Never neglect worship because of distribution activities. Ikhtikar is prohibited because it will cause price increases. Seek reasonable profits. Widespread distribution of wealth. Social equality. 

The potential of rhizobacteria as plant growth promoters in increasing crop production in saline soils continues to be carried out by exploring the types of isolates from the rhizosphere of saline soils.  The purpose of this study was to obtain the types of isolates that have the potential to be developed as biofertilizers in saline soils.  The research was conducted by isolating rhizosphere soil from saline soil and then testing the ability of the resulting isolates to produce phytohormones in the form of IAA, the ability to dissolve phosphate, the ability to fix nitrogen and the ability to produce the enzyme ACC deaminase. The results showed that isolates KNW 2.1, KNW 2.2, KNW 2.3 and KNW 3.2 have potential as rhizobacteria that promote plant growth in saline soils as indicated by their ability to produce the hormone IAA, the ability to dissolve phosphate, the ability to fix nitrogen, and the ability to produce the enzyme ACC deaminase which is higher than the other isolates.    

Analysis of the use of the Boruvka algorithm method in the context of electricity supply is an important topic in the development of electricity systems. In this study, we evaluate the effectiveness and application of the Boruvka algorithm in distribution optimization and power grid management. We study ways in which the Boruvka algorithm can be used to identify optimal electricity distribution paths, improve system efficiency, and minimize the potential for grid damage or failure. This research provides a deeper understanding of the potential and limitations of the Boruvka algorithm in the context of modern electricity infrastructure.

Poverty is a complex problem that affects various aspects of life in various regions. In this study, we use the Geographically Weighted Regression (GWR) method to identify factors that cause poverty in North Sumatra Province. This approach allows a more detailed analysis of the relationship between independent variables and poverty levels in each geographic location. We use socio-economic and spatial data to build GWR models and identify possible hidden patterns in the distribution of poverty. The findings from this research provide valuable insights for stakeholders to formulate more effective policies in overcoming poverty in North Sumatra Province.

The estimated rice sales at Perum Bulog Sub Divre Medan is crucial information in planning and managing rice supplies. In this study, we apply the Double Exponential Smoothing forecasting method to estimate rice sales at Perum Bulog Sub Divre Medan. This approach allows us to identify complex sales patterns and generate accurate forecasts to aid in informed decision making. We use historical rice sales data to train a forecasting model and evaluate its performance. Experimental results show that the Double Exponential Smoothing method can provide reliable estimates of rice sales, with a satisfactory level of accuracy. The implications of these findings are discussed in the context of inventory management and operational planning of Perum Bulog Sub Divre Medan.