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This qualitative research investigates the critical factors inhibiting ship arrival efficiency and their impact on shipping agency performance at PT. Berkah Tata Baruna Banten Branch. Through comprehensive interviews with maritime professionals, port operators, and agency management, the study examines three primary variables: pilot tugboat services, cargo loading-unloading productivity, and document processing efficiency. Utilizing thematic analysis and narrative synthesis, findings reveal significant operational integration challenges that directly affect agency performance metrics. The research demonstrates that synchronized maritime service delivery substantially influences stakeholder satisfaction and business sustainability. Results indicate that technological integration barriers, communication gaps, and human resource development needs constitute primary obstacles to optimal port performance. Beyond identifying constraints, the study highlights how fragmented coordination between service providers creates inefficiencies that extend vessel turnaround times and increase operational costs. Respondents emphasized that transparent communication channels, standardized documentation procedures, and adequate training programs are essential to building resilient port systems. Moreover, the research shows that investment in digital platforms for real-time data sharing could accelerate clearance processes, while workforce development initiatives would ensure higher service reliability. The study contributes theoretically by developing frameworks of integrated maritime service performance and practically by offering policy-oriented recommendations to strengthen agency competitiveness. Overall, the findings provide valuable insights for stakeholders seeking to enhance Indonesia’s maritime logistics capacity, aligning operational improvements with the nation’s broader economic and global shipping ambitions.

This qualitative study examines standard operating procedure (SOP) implementation for tugboat clearance operations at Jepara Port, analyzing service quality enhancement through comprehensive stakeholder engagement. Utilizing semi-structured interviews with 25 participants across five stakeholder categories, the research reveals significant operational improvements including a 35% reduction in clearance processing times and a 35.5% increase in stakeholder satisfaction scores. Findings demonstrate that standardized procedures enhance port operational efficiency while strengthening maritime vocational education integration. Beyond efficiency gains, the study highlights the role of SOPs in ensuring transparency, accountability, and consistency in port service delivery. Respondents emphasized that clear procedural guidelines reduce uncertainty, minimize conflicts between stakeholders, and establish a common framework for decision-making in dynamic operational contexts. Moreover, the integration of vocational education elements into procedural design strengthens workforce competencies, aligning training curricula with real-world port requirements and industry expectations. The study contributes both theoretically and practically by offering evidence-based frameworks that can be adopted by other Indonesian ports. It underscores the importance of combining procedural standardization with stakeholder collaboration to achieve sustainable improvements in maritime service quality. Overall, the findings establish replicable models for enhancing national port competitiveness and advancing maritime industry development through systematic procedural and operational innovation that ensures long-term sustainability and resilience.

This study aims to analyze the effect of transformer oil purification on oil breakdown voltage and evaluate its benefits in maintaining transformer performance and reliability. Oil purification is a crucial preventive maintenance step to preserve insulation quality and prevent operational failures caused by reduced dielectric properties. The study was conducted through several stages, including data collection, oil purification, measurement of breakdown voltage before and after purification, and evaluation of results. Data collection involved measuring the oil’s electrical properties according to SPLN 49-1:1982 and observing results using a Break Down Voltage (BDV) test. Purification of a Trafindo 400 kVA transformer was performed through visual inspection, connecting the inlet and outlet hoses to the purification machine, and circulating the oil until the breakdown voltage met the required standards. Results indicated that the oil breakdown voltage before purification was below standard due to reduced insulation quality caused by water contamination, charcoal particles, thermal degradation, and dissolved gases that weakened dielectric properties. Additional factors such as electrical stress, mechanical stress, and excessive loading also contributed to insulation deterioration. After purification, the oil breakdown voltage increased significantly to meet the standard of >30 kV/2.5 mm, demonstrating that purification effectively restores the oil’s insulating capacity and supports optimal transformer performance. Analysis confirms that the transformer oil remains suitable for use, and routine annual purification is recommended to maintain reliability, efficiency, and operational performance. This study highlights oil purification as an effective preventive measure for transformer stability, extending operational life, and reducing the risk of insulation failure. The findings provide valuable guidance for transformer maintenance in the electricity industry, ensuring safe and optimal long-term operation.

The agricultural sector plays a strategic role in ensuring national food security, particularly in rural areas where the majority of the population depends on agricultural production. Sememu Village, an agricultural-based community with rice and tobacco as its primary commodities, has faced recurring pest attacks in recent years. Conventional pest control methods in the area have primarily relied on chemical pesticides. However, excessive and prolonged use of these chemicals has resulted in serious problems, including pest resistance, environmental contamination, and potential health risks to farmers and consumers. This study aims to improve farmers’ knowledge and practical skills by introducing an alternative, eco-friendly approach through a training program on the production of botanical pesticides derived from papaya leaves (Carica papaya L.). Papaya leaves are known to contain bioactive compounds such as papain, chymopapain, alkaloids, terpenoids, and flavonoids, which exhibit natural insecticidal properties. The training activities consisted of initial observation, presentation of scientific and practical materials, hands-on practice in the preparation of botanical pesticides, and field testing on rice and tobacco plants. The findings demonstrated that the use of papaya leaf-based pesticides effectively reduced pest feeding activity and increased pest mortality rates, thereby minimizing crop damage. Importantly, this approach did not cause harmful effects on the surrounding ecosystem. The program highlights the potential of botanical pesticides as a sustainable solution for integrated pest management in agricultural villages, contributing both to environmental conservation and farmers’ welfare.

Panggungrejo District in Pasuruan City is a central hub for fishing activities with significant potential for capture fisheries production. One of the fishing gears used by fishermen in this area is the boat dredge, which is classified as an active fishing gear. This study aims to assess the environmental friendliness of the boat dredge used by fishermen in Panggungrejo based on the principles of the Code of Conduct for Responsible Fisheries (CCRF). The research employs a descriptive method, using data collection techniques such as interviews with structured questionnaires, direct observations, document analysis, and literature review. The study involved 32 respondents consisting of fishermen using the boat dredge. Data analysis was performed by assigning scores based on the principles outlined in the CCRF that are related to sustainability and environmental impact of the fishing gear. The results showed that the boat dredge in Panggungrejo scored a total of 855, with an environmental friendliness score of 26.71. Based on this score, the boat dredge falls into category III, considered “environmentally friendly.” However, several indicators related to resource efficiency and the impact on aquatic ecosystems still need improvement to further enhance the environmental friendliness of this fishing gear. This study provides recommendations for the development and improvement of more environmentally friendly fishing techniques and increasing fishermen’s awareness of sustainability in fisheries practices.

This study aims to analyze the differences between various extraction techniques and their relationship to the yield and biological activity of phytochemical compounds derived from natural materials. A systematic literature review was conducted by analyzing relevant and reliable scientific publications published within the last five years. The findings indicate that extraction methods such as maceration, soxhletation, microwave-assisted extraction (MAE), and ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) demonstrate varying levels of effectiveness depending on the type of material, solvent polarity, extraction temperature, and duration of the process. Modern extraction methods, particularly sonication, MAE, and UAE, have been shown to produce higher yields with enhanced biological activity while offering greater efficiency in terms of reduced time and solvent consumption. On the other hand, conventional techniques such as maceration and soxhletation remain relevant, particularly for thermolabile compounds that are sensitive to high temperatures. The selection of an appropriate extraction method plays a crucial role in obtaining high-quality extracts that can serve as potential raw materials for phytopharmaceuticals, functional foods, dietary supplements, and other natural products. This review not only highlights the advantages and limitations of each technique but also emphasizes the importance of aligning method selection with specific research objectives and compound characteristics. Overall, this study provides a theoretical foundation for future experimental research and serves as an initial guideline for determining extraction strategies based on efficiency, effectiveness, and sustainability.

Schizophrenia is a severe mental disorder characterized by a decline in cognitive abilities and social skills, an inability to care for oneself, and potential brain function impairment. One of the consequences often observed in schizophrenia patients is social isolation, where the individual is unable to interact with others around them. This study aims to assess and provide psychiatric nursing care for Sdr. A, who is experiencing the primary issue of social isolation: withdrawal due to paranoid schizophrenia at the Gatotkaca ward of RSJD dr. Gondohutomo in Central Java Province. Initial assessment of the patient revealed that Sdr. A is experiencing social isolation, particularly withdrawal from their social environment. Four nursing problems were identified, including social isolation: withdrawal, low self-esteem, sensory perception disturbances such as hallucinations, and self-care deficits. A nursing care plan was developed based on the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standard , Indonesian Nursing Service Standard, and Indonesian Nursing Information System , tailored to the patient's condition at the time. The care plan includes interventions to enhance social interaction, improve self-esteem, address sensory perception disturbances, and promote self-care abilities. The nursing implementation was carried out using a holistic approach involving psychosocial support and appropriate medical therapy based on the patient’s needs. It is expected that through this approach, the patient can reduce social isolation symptoms and improve their quality of life. This study emphasizes the important role of psychiatric nursing care in addressing social issues in patients with paranoid schizophrenia and how a structured nursing care plan can support patient recovery.

Heart failure or congestive heart failure (CHF) is a condition where the heart is unable to pump blood optimally to meet the body's metabolic needs, resulting in symptoms such as shortness of breath, excessive fatigue, and edema (Majid, 2017). According to WHO data in 2023, CHF is one of the main causes of death with a total of 17.5 million deaths from a total of 58 million cases recorded worldwide. This paper aims to describe and provide an overview of nursing care for patient Mr. H who experiences cardiovascular system disorders in the form of CHF in the Dahlia room of Dr. Soeselo Regional Hospital, Tegal Regency in accordance with nursing practice standards. The method used is a descriptive method through a case study with data collection techniques using interviews and observations. From the results of the case review, the main complaint experienced by the patient was shortness of breath which was quite disruptive to daily activities. Based on this condition, four main nursing diagnoses were found, namely ineffective airway clearance, hypervolemia, activity intolerance, and knowledge deficits related to the disease and self-care. The interventions provided are based on theoretical references in the Indonesian Nursing Diagnosis Standards (IDHS) and the Indonesian Nursing Outcome Standards (SLHS), and are tailored to the patient's actual condition. The implemented action plan is expected to help reduce symptoms, improve the patient's ability to function, and provide a better understanding of CHF so that the patient can actively participate in the care process.

Coronary heart disease is one of the major health problems that not only affects the physical condition of patients but also impacts their psychological state, particularly anxiety. Anxiety levels in patients with coronary heart disease usually increase when they are about to undergo invasive medical procedures such as Percutaneous Coronary Intervention (PCI). Anxiety can be influenced by several factors, including age, gender, educational level, and occupation. High levels of anxiety may worsen the patient’s clinical condition, making appropriate non-pharmacological interventions highly necessary to help reduce anxiety. This study aims to determine the effect of spiritual support in the form of dzikir on the anxiety levels of patients with coronary heart disease. The research design used was a true experimental design with a pretest-posttest control group design. The sample consisted of 30 respondents who were evenly divided into two groups: 15 respondents in the intervention group and 15 respondents in the control group. The sampling technique used was total sampling. The instrument for measuring anxiety was the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS). The results showed that providing spiritual support in the form of dzikir was effective in reducing patient anxiety, with a p-value of 0.001. In addition, there was a significant difference in post-therapy anxiety levels between the control and intervention groups, with a p-value of 0.019 (p < 0.05). These findings demonstrate that dzikir, as a form of spiritual support, can be used as a non-pharmacological intervention to reduce anxiety in patients with coronary heart disease. Thus, spiritual support can be an important component of nursing care for patients in the ICU.

Kangaroo mother care is a treatment for low-birth-weight infants that involves direct skin-to-skin contact between the infant and the mother (skin-to-skin contact). This provides health and psychological benefits, particularly in providing warmth to the infant, enhancing maternal bonding, increasing maternal trust and satisfaction, and reducing stress. The difference in body temperature of low-birth-weight infants treated with kangaroo mother care for one hour and three hours. Research Method: The research design used was a quasi-experimental, pre-post test with control group design, which involves administering treatment or intervention to the experimental group and then measuring and analyzing the effects of the treatment. The sample size for this study was 30 people. Bivariate analysis was conducted using the independent t-test and paired t-test. The results showed that the infant's body temperature before the kangaroo mother care intervention was in the below-normal. The infant's body temperature after the intervention was in to normal range. The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the one-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the intervention was in to normal range. The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the three-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the one-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05). The infant's body temperature after the kangaroo mother care intervention in the three-hour had a p value = 0,000 or <0,05).

Patients admitted to the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) often experience physiological disturbances caused by both medical conditions and intensive treatment procedures. One of the most common problems encountered is sleep disturbance. Several factors contribute to poor sleep quality in ICU patients, including repeated medical procedures, environmental noise from medical equipment and staff activities, discomfort due to body positioning, frequent interactions with health workers, continuous exposure to lighting, pain, and the underlying disease process. Persistent sleep disturbances can delay the healing process, increase blood pressure, and even elevate the risk of stroke. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality in compos mentis patients in the ICU of Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Semarang. The research design employed a correlational approach with a cross-sectional method. A total of 30 respondents were selected according to the inclusion criteria. Data were collected using the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI) to measure sleep quality and the Hamilton Anxiety Rating Scale (HARS) to assess anxiety levels. The Chi-Square test was used for statistical analysis. The results showed an equal distribution of male and female respondents (15 each). Ten respondents had a post-laparotomy medical diagnosis, and the majority belonged to the late elderly age group (10 respondents). Most respondents experienced moderate anxiety (18 respondents), while poor sleep quality was reported by 17 respondents. The Chi-Square test revealed a p-value of 0.001, indicating a significant relationship between anxiety levels and sleep quality. In conclusion, higher anxiety levels were associated with poorer sleep quality among compos mentis patients in the ICU. These findings highlight the importance of nursing interventions that address both the physical and psychological aspects of patients to improve sleep quality and support recovery.

Hospitalization in preschool children often causes anxiety due to several factors, such as unfamiliar environments, uncomfortable medical procedures, and separation from parents. This condition can negatively affect the child’s psychological state, which may influence both the healing process and adaptation during hospital care. Therefore, it is important to understand the description of anxiety experienced by children during hospitalization so that health workers can provide appropriate interventions. This study aimed to describe the anxiety caused by hospitalization among preschool children admitted to the Parkit Ward of Qolbu Insan Mulia (QIM) Hospital Batang. The study employed a descriptive quantitative design with a purposive sampling technique. A total of 65 preschool children aged 3–6 years who met the inclusion criteria were recruited as samples. The instrument used was the Spence Children’s Anxiety Scale (SCAS) Preschool Parent Report, which was completed by parents to assess the children’s level of anxiety. Data analysis was carried out using frequency distribution to present both the respondents’ characteristics and the level of anxiety. The results showed that most respondents were 5 years old (36.9%) and predominantly male (61.5%). A majority of the respondents had never been hospitalized before (63.1%), making hospitalization a first-time experience that could trigger anxiety. The highest proportion of anxiety levels was in the mild category (38.4%), followed by moderate anxiety (30.7%). Only a small proportion of children experienced severe anxiety. In conclusion, preschool children undergoing hospitalization in the Parkit Ward of QIM Hospital Batang mostly experienced mild to moderate anxiety. These findings provide an important overview for nursing staff in designing interventions to reduce children’s anxiety. Suggested approaches include play therapy, effective communication, and active parental involvement in the care process. With such strategies, it is expected that children’s anxiety can be reduced, making hospitalization a more adaptive experience that supports the recovery process.

  Medication adherence among pulmonary TB patients is crucial to prevent recurrence and ensurecomplete recovery. Patient knowledge of tuberculosis treatment and adherence to prescribed dosages andadministration methods are key components to successful treatment. This study aimed to determine therelationship between knowledge and medication adherence in pulmonary TB patients at Harapan Anda IslamicHospital, Tegal City. This study used a quantitative cross-sectional design. A sample size of 60 pulmonary TBpatients at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City, was selected through purposive sampling. Data werecollected using a knowledge questionnaire and a medication adherence questionnaire. Data were analyzed usingthe chi-square test. Based on the analysis results, it was found that of the 60 patients with pulmonary TB atHarapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City, most were in the early elderly age (46-55 years), most were malebecause they were men, the majority were married, most had graduated from high school and most had privateemployment status. The level of compliance with taking medication in patients with pulmonary TB at HarapanAnda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City was in the high category. There was a relationship between the level ofknowledge and compliance with taking medication in patients with pulmonary TB at Harapan Anda IslamicHospital, Tegal City. There was a relationship between the level of knowledge and compliance with takingmedication in patients with pulmonary TB at Harapan Anda Islamic Hospital, Tegal City. Patients who had goodknowledge tended to be more compliant in undergoing treatment. These results serve as input for health servicesto provide health service programs to improve knowledge and compliance with taking medication in patients withpulmonary TB better.

Fever in children, if not properly managed, can lead to several negative effects such as excessive fluid loss through evaporation, dehydration, seizures, decreased consciousness, and even death if left untreated. Non-pharmacological interventions to reduce fever include water tepid sponge therapy and cool patch therapy. This study used a quasi-experimental design with a pretest and posttest three-group approach. Respondents were divided into three groups: water tepid sponge, cool patch, and control. Data were analyzed using the Wilcoxon test and the Mann-Whitney test. The Wilcoxon test showed a significance value of 0.000 in the Water Tepid Sponge group, 0.000 in the Cool Patch group, and 0.002 in the control group. The Mann-Whitney test showed no significant difference between the pre-test body temperature of the Water Tepid Sponge group and the control group (p = 0.063 > 0.05), while a significant difference was found in the post-test (p = 0.000 < 0.05). For the Cool Patch group, there was no significant difference in the pre-test compared to the control (p = 0.672), but a significant difference was found in the post-test (p = 0.001). The Mann-Whitney test comparing the pre-test and post-test temperature differences between the Water Tepid Sponge and Cool Patch groups showed a significance value of 0.000. The mean rank for temperature reduction in the Water Tepid Sponge group was 35,27, while in the Cool Patch group it was 17,73. Both Water Tepid Sponge and Cool Patch therapies have an effect on reducing fever in pediatric patients in the Parkit Ward of QIM Hospital Batang. Water Tepid Sponge therapy is more effective than Cool Patch therapy in reducing fever.

Hypertension is a non-communicable disease that significantly contributes to morbidity and mortality, particularly among the elderly. Patient knowledge about hypertension plays a crucial role in determining their adherence to medication, especially in taking antihypertensive drugs regularly. This study aims to analyze the relationship between the level of hypertension knowledge and medication adherence in elderly patients at the Sultan Agung Islamic Hospital Banjarbaru Polyclinic. This study used a quantitative correlational approach with a cross-sectional design. A sample of 35 respondents was obtained using accidental sampling technique. Data were collected using standardized questionnaires to measure knowledge (correct/incorrect scores) and adherence (using the modified MMAS-8 score 0–8). Data analysis included descriptive statistics, chi-square test, and Odds Ratio (OR) calculation at α = 0.05. The results showed a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and medication adherence (p = 0.002). The OR value of 17.33 (95% CI: 2.17–138.18) indicates that elderly patients with low knowledge have a much higher chance of non-adherence to medication compared to those with good knowledge. Based on these findings, it is recommended to develop targeted educational programs for the elderly focusing on increasing knowledge about hypertension and the importance of medication adherence, along with involving families to support medication adherence in hypertensive patients. This educational program could help improve the quality of life for the elderly by better managing hypertension.

Breast cancer is the leading cause of death globally, following heart disease and stroke. One of the most commonly used treatments is chemotherapy, which offers various benefits but also causes physical and mental side effects. One of the psychological side effects often experienced is anxiety. Extreme fear and the threat of death from cancer can affect adherence to treatment. This study aims to assess the relationship between anxiety levels and medication adherence in breast cancer chemotherapy patients at RSUD Semarang. This research used a quantitative approach with a descriptive correlational method, involving 110 participant samples. The questionnaires used for data collection were DASS-42 to measure anxiety levels and MMAS-8 to assess medication adherence. The study was conducted from June 30 to July 31, 2025, in the Oncology Center room of RSUD Sultan Agung Semarang. Bivariate analysis using Pearson's correlation test showed a p-value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating a significant relationship between anxiety levels and medication adherence in breast cancer chemotherapy patients. The measured correlation coefficient of -0.325** shows a moderately strong negative relationship, meaning that the higher the anxiety level, the lower the patient's adherence to medication. Based on these findings, it is recommended that nurses in the oncology unit provide additional education and support to patients regarding their anxiety. Effective psychological support can help patients reduce anxiety and increase adherence to treatment, which in turn can improve the outcomes of chemotherapy treatment.

Jenang Jubung is a typical snack from Gresik City. Its shape is unique and different from jenang in general. Jenang jubung tends to have a chewy, soft, savory, and sweet taste. This study aims: 1) To determine the effect of mocaf flour substitution on the organoleptic properties (chewy, shape, aroma, color, texture, and taste) of jenang jubung. 2) To determine the best nutritional value of Jenang Jubung. This type of research is an experimental study with 3 treatments consisting of 3 levels of mocaf flour substitution 25%, 50%, 75%. The data collection method was carried out by organoleptic testing with a total of 35 panelists consisting of 7 trained panelists and 28 semi-trained panelists. Data analysis used was to find the mean value, single Anova (One Way Anova), and duncan. Furthermore, laboratory tests were carried out on the best products to determine energy, carbohydrates, fiber, protein, fat, ash content, vitamin B1 (thiamine), vitamin B6, vitamin E, vitamin C, potassium minerals, magnesium minerals, phosphorus minerals, calcium minerals, iron minerals, water content. The results of the analysis showed 1) Mocaf flour substitution had a significant effect on (chewy, shape, aroma, color, texture, and taste); 2) The nutritional content of the best jenang jubung was obtained energy 365.80kcal; carbohydrate 51.09%; fiber 2.91%; protein 9.86%; fat 12.91%; ash content 1.05%; vitamin B1 (thiamine) 1.08Mg; vitamin B6 0.92Mg; vitamin E 1.32Mg; vitamin C 4.08Mg; potassium mineral 5.11Mg; magnesium mineral 19.81Mg; phosphorus mineral 105.80Mg, calcium mineral 11.81Mg; iron mineral 2.11Mg; water content 22.16%.

The rapid development of affiliate marketing on social media necessitates strategies that effectively build audience trust and engagement. This study aims to analyze the application of visual storytelling and soft selling strategies in TikTok affiliate content, using a case study of 20 videos by Reizuka Ari. The research method employs qualitative content analysis, focusing on visual elements, personal narratives, audience interaction, and their relevance to engagement and trust building theories. The findings show that the use of personal visual storytelling, honest personal experience narratives, and soft selling without pressure significantly enhance emotional engagement and audience trust. Authentic testimonials, relevant captions and hashtags, as well as unobtrusive placement of affiliate links, maximize reach and conversion potential. These findings underscore the importance of content personalization in the success of affiliate marketing on short-video platforms like TikTok.

This study aims to examine the effect of leadership style and workload on employee productivity in the Finance and Risk Management Directorate of PT Pelindo Multi Terminal. The research was conducted from February to July 2025 with 31 employee respondents. The study employed a quantitative approach, collecting data through questionnaires and analyzing it using multiple linear regression. The research sought to understand how leadership style and workload influence the productivity of employees within this specific department. The results indicate that, partially, leadership style and workload have no significant effect on employee productivity, with significance values greater than 0.05. This suggests that individual leadership styles and workloads, when considered separately, may not have a strong direct impact on productivity. However, when analyzed simultaneously, both variables significantly influence employee productivity, with a significance value of less than 0.05. The coefficient of determination reveals that leadership style and workload contribute 16.3% to employee productivity, indicating that while these factors play a role, the majority of the variation in productivity (83.7%) is due to other factors not explored in this study. These findings highlight the need for the company to consider a holistic approach to human resource management, focusing not only on leadership style and workload but also on other variables that could further enhance employee productivity. This research provides valuable input for improving organizational strategies

This study is motivated by the importance of building an effective patient safety culture in the hospital environment, which can be influenced by factors such as clinical leadership and work engagement. This study aims to analyze the effect of Clinical Leadership and Work Engagement on patient safety culture mediated by Interprofessional Collaboration of nurses at Emhaka Hospital. The research design used was quantitative with a cross-sectional approach. The study sample consisted of 118 nurses selected using purposive sampling techniques and calculated using saturated side. Data were collected through a 4-point Likert scale questionnaire, which included the variables of Clinical Leadership, Work Engagement, Interprofessional Collaboration, and Patient Safety Culture. Data analysis was performed using SEMP-PLS (Structural Equation Modeling Partial Least Squares) software. The results showed that Clinical Leadership and Work Engagement had a significant effect on Patient Safety Culture, both directly and through the mediation of Interprofessional Collaboration. These findings emphasize the importance of improving clinical leadership and nurse involvement in improving interprofessional collaboration, which in turn can strengthen patient safety culture at Emhaka Hospital. This study contributes to the development of hospital policies that focus on improving patient safety through effective leadership and increasing nurse work engagement.