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This study investigates the impact of contextual problem-solving on students' mathematical reasoning abilities, comparing it to traditional problem-solving exercises. The study employs a quasi-experimental design with two groups: an experimental group exposed to contextual problem-solving activities and a control group using conventional methods. The experimental group demonstrated a 24% improvement in their mathematical reasoning abilities compared to the control group. Contextual problem-solving, which integrates real-world problems into the learning process, was found to be more engaging and effective in promoting deeper understanding and application of mathematical concepts. The study highlights the benefits of contextual learning in making abstract mathematical concepts more tangible and relatable to students. The findings suggest that by connecting mathematical knowledge to real-world scenarios, students develop stronger reasoning skills and improve their problem-solving capabilities. Moreover, the study recommends incorporating more contextual problem-solving exercises into curricula and providing teachers with training on how to implement these strategies effectively. It also suggests that future research explore the long-term effects of contextual problem-solving on other learning areas, such as critical thinking and creative problem-solving. This approach not only enhances students' mathematical reasoning but also fosters a more engaging and meaningful learning environment, thus preparing students to apply their mathematical knowledge in real-life situations.

The purpose of this article is to provide an overview of formal leaders in formal Islamic educational institutions. Formal leaders in formal Islamic education institutions are individuals who give commands or influence subordinates to carry out activities in accordance with established procedures and methods in order to achieve common goals. The method used is library research and content analysis with a qualitative approach. Library research is research carried out by reviewing various journals, books and other relevant references. The research results show that formal leadership in formal Islamic education institutions has a very large role in improving institutional performance in various aspects. There are five dimensions of leadership which include (1) leadership goals, (2) individuals who influence the group (3) individuals who are influenced, (4) interaction processes, and (5) situations where leadership takes place. The most basic types or styles of leadership are authoritarian leadership, democratic leadership and laissez faire leadership. Formal institutions consist of institutions established by the government and non-governmental organizations. Leaders of these institutions are required to have 2 competencies, namely core competencies (soft skills) and technical-knowledge competencies (hard skills). These two competencies are described in levels of proficiency with the lowest level being level 1 and the highest being level 5.  

The Independent Curriculum is a program from the Ministry of Education and Culture of the Republic of Indonesia that focuses on developing student competencies through a student-centered approach. This curriculum aims to shift learning from memorization and exam patterns to strengthening critical thinking skills, problem solving, effective communication, and cooperation. In Islamic education, fiqh learning has an important role because it discusses Islamic laws related to everyday life, such as worship, muamalah, and manners. This study used a qualitative descriptive method and was implemented at MTs NU Slorok for 9th grade students. The results of the study showed that the implementation of the Independent Curriculum in fiqh learning was carried out by integrating national character values, such as honesty, tolerance, and cooperation. These values are emphasized in the learning process and exemplified through everyday behavior. In addition, this curriculum also encourages student creativity and innovation by providing space to develop ideas in applying Islamic law in real life.

Understanding literacy and linguistics in Indonesia, especially through novel reading, plays an important role in honing students' cognitive skills, such as critical and creative thinking. Syntax as part of linguistic studies, helps students understand language structures that support effective communication and deeper literary appreciation. This study aims to understand the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian focusing on the types of active and passive sentences and the role of sentence elements in shaping meaning. This study uses methodological and theoretical approaches with qualitative and syntactic descriptive methods to analyze the pattern of sentence function in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori. The research process involves data collection, classification, analysis, and presentation of data with listen, record, and bill techniques. The results showed that the sentence function pattern in the novel "9 of Nadira" by Leila S. Chudori uses different sentence patterns in each active and passive voice. Transitive and bitransitive active sentences have additional objects and complements, while intransitive sentences do not, and only sentences with objects can be changed to passive by undergoing changes in their predicates. This research has the benefit of providing a deeper understanding of the structure and function of active and passive sentences in Indonesian.  

Babies who experience delays in gross motor development will reduce the baby's creativity in adapting and make it difficult for the baby to recognize the surrounding environment. Growth and development is a continuous process that occurs since conception and continues until adulthood. One of the early steps to accompany child growth and development is carried out through stimulation, namely stimulation to improve infant motor skills with tummy time exercise. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of Tummy time exercise on gross motor skills in infants aged 3-6 months. This study used the methoda quasi-experimental with control group design.Data analysis using the Mann Whitney test.Gross motor development is assessed usingDenver Developmental Screening Test (DDST). The results of this study showThe average gross motor development in the intervention group after tummy time exercise for 3 weeks showed faster gross motor development compared to babies in the control group who were not given intervention. While the p value obtained was 0.000. The conclusion of this study is that tummy time exercise has a strong influence on infant motor development. So it can be recommended to give tummy time exercise to babies.

Community economic empowerment is a strategic step in improving welfare and economic independence, especially in areas rich in local resources. Economic literacy plays a crucial role in this process, as it provides communities with the knowledge and skills to understand and manage resources efficiently and sustainably. This article examines efforts to empower communities economically through the enhancement of literacy and the management of local resources. With an economic literacy approach that covers aspects of financial management, business operations, and marketing, communities can maximize the potential of local resources to create added economic value. This study highlights various forms of local resources, such as agricultural products, fisheries, and handicrafts, and their potential to drive local economic growth. The analysis shows that good economic literacy not only improves the community's ability to make informed economic decisions but also contributes to poverty reduction and overall improvement in the quality of life. Therefore, empowerment through literacy and local resource management is key to achieving inclusive and sustainable economic development.

The goal of this article is to find the CEO of Iraqi companies that use strategic planning and determine if they are capable of diagnosing the traits of strategic planning systems that improve these companies' capacity to successfully address crisis-related needs. The capacity of the company to successfully react to crisis needs and demands is enhanced by the use of strategic planning, according to a review of data from 64 enterprises utilizing statistical analysis. Furthermore, top and division or unit managers must be involved and committed for strategic planning to be successful. It also has to be planned with an external orientation and get more than just lip service from top and unit or division level managers. In other words, it must concentrate on how well the business responds to the needs of its crisis and it must recognize and take advantage of any future growth crises. Additionally, a CEO must possess a variety of qualities to engage in good strategic planning. Core Competence Knowledge, Skills, and Abilities are especially important for individuals who will be in charge of carrying out the final plan since it must be compatible with the crisis-management and decision-making approaches. The study's findings suggest that managers of Iraqi businesses should think carefully about the value of strategic planning during times of crisis. also Many CEOs lack knowledge, skills, and talents since they did not complete business universities or practical training programs. Managers must attempt to incorporate crisis management into the strategic planning process for their organizations. The conclusion encourages a firm's strategy approach to include crisis management procedures. This contributes to better performance and increased crisis management efficacy. Additionally, the board of directors must rely on advice from experts who can assist them strategize and prepare throughout a crisis, which improves their capacity to handle one effectively. One way to integrate and improve managers' ability to handle crises is to encourage the use of strategic crisis planning.

In order for students to actively develop their potential for religious spiritual strength, self-control, personality, intelligence, morality, life sciences, general knowledge, and the skills they need for society based on the law, education is a planned basic effort to create a learning atmosphere and learning process. Invite. Although it can also be autodidactic, education frequently takes place with the assistance of other people as well as biological parents. Preschool, elementary school, middle school, high school, and finally college, university, or apprenticeship are the typical phases of education. Another important factor in a region's development is education. Therefore, a decision support system that can make suggestions for choosing state institutions and study programs is required for West Sumba Regency SMA/Vocational Schools. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach is used to weight the value of each criterion, and the Simple Additive Weighting (SAW) method is used to calculate the weighted total or to order the alternatives from best. The weights of each alternative—a state university or study program—along with all of its features are added up to determine recommendations for selecting one. The chosen option will be indicated by a higher value. This system generates a report on the outcomes of management decisions, which includes the management's selections based on all options arranged from greatest to smallest SAW value. MySQL and Microsoft Visual Studio 2008 were used to develop the decision support system suggestions for choosing state colleges and study programs for the database.    

The background that encourages this research is that basically the trilingual program is needed to equip students to have global competitiveness because of their proficiency in English and Arabic. The purpose of this study is to examine the implementation, evaluation, and find out the difficulties and obstacles in the implementation of the bilingual program based on holistic education at Al-Azhar Islamic School Sukoharjo. This research method is descriptive qualitative. This research uses data collection techniques in the form of interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires. While the data analysis technique includes three stages, namely data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study indicate that the implementation of the trilingual program is in the form of using English in English subjects. Evaluation of the bilingual program based on holistic education includes exercise, practice, and enrichment. The difficulties and obstacles faced are that students do not fully understand the learning process using English. The conclusion of this study is that the implementation of a holistic education-based bilingual program is carried out through the implementation of three curricula with different approaches, recruitment of teachers who have English language skills, and the use of mixed language in the implementation of learning. Evaluation of teachers is conducted through monthly meetings by the school management. Meanwhile, evaluation for students is carried out through daily assignment assessments, mid-semester exams, and end-of-semester exams. Difficulties and obstacles encountered are the different abilities of students, the different carrying capacity of each family, and the existence of students who do not understand the benefits of language.

This study highlights the importance of differentiated learning in the educational context, particularly for equivalency program students. Education serves as a process for delivering culture that supports the development of attitudes and knowledge. Within the framework of the Merdeka Curriculum, teachers are expected to innovate in delivering material and instilling character values. The goal of differentiated learning is to meet the diverse needs of students, considering the unique characteristics of each individual that influence their learning styles. There are four main components of differentiated learning: differentiation of content, process, product, and learning environment. This research employs a qualitative approach using a case study method to explore the implementation of differentiated learning in writing expository texts. The findings indicate that despite challenges such as a lack of training for teachers, the application of appropriate strategies can enhance students' writing skills. This study recommends further support for teachers to effectively implement differentiated learning, creating meaningful and inclusive learning experiences for students.

The service partner is Mr. Aris Supriyadi's Batik Kartika Business, located in Bugel Hamlet, Tirtomoyo Village, Tirtomoyo District, Wonogiri Regency, which is facing the main problems of: 1) Low product innovation due to the lack of maximum development of batik designs that can contribute to competitiveness among similar products, 2) Lack of complete equipment that supports increasing the quantity and quality of production. The implementation of this activity program, using a mentoring and training approach; In this context, the training in question is to provide some knowledge of the batik production process, the development of designs that have local distinctiveness for seven tourist attractions, and transfer of experience in exhibiting regional superior products, especially batik as a promotional event and marketing improvement. The results of the activity are an increase in knowledge about design as one of the determinants of product competitiveness, and crafters have improved skills in making designs with local potential sources of ideas. Partners have been given additional equipment in the form of stoves for stamped batik, stamp tables, and equipment for boiling/removing wax in the form of kenceng. Improved marketing through assistance in the Wonogiren Batik Festival to commemorate the 82nd Anniversary of Wonogiri Square.  

This study aims to describe the application of mind map learning media in improving the short story analysis ability of students of class XI-B2 SMAN 9 Surabaya. This type of research uses Classroom Action Research which consists of two cycles. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in class XI-B2 SMAN 9 Surabaya in the first semester of 2024, with research subjects consisting of 36 students. Data collection techniques used, namely through direct observation and tests. The results showed that the use of Mind Map was quite effective as an effort to improve students' short story analysis skills. This can be seen from the increase in the average score of students from cycle I (76.8) to cycle II (96). This study concludes that Mind Map not only improves analytical skills, but also learners' engagement and creativity in learning.  In addition, Mind Map helps learners visualize the relationship between short story elements, so that the analysis process becomes easier to understand.

Education is an important key in the formation of an intelligent nation. The background of this study is the decrease in concentration and inactivity of students in learning Indonesian Language, especially in the hours before the end of learning at school. This Classroom Action Research was carried out in two cycles with the aim of increasing the concentration and learning activity of students in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya through the application of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning model in learning Indonesian Language Argumentation Text material. The techniques used in data collection are observation, interviews, and tests. The results of the study show that the application of this TGT method can increase the concentration and learning activity of participants in grades XI-10 of SMAN 21 Surabaya on the Argumentation Text material. This can be seen from the increase in observations, interviews, and test results. Students' learning activities and critical thinking ability have increased with the percentage of score acquisition in cycle 2 higher than in cycle 2. The Teams Games Tournament (TGT) method with the Cooperative Learning learning model allows students to discuss with each other in learning, and can help each other, so that it can increase the activeness and involvement of students during the learning process. In addition, this method helps learners to develop their thinking and communication skills with other friends.

This study aims to analyze the learning strategies of Islamic Religious Education (PAI) applied by teachers in improving student creativity and competence at SMP Negeri 1 Langkat, North Sumatra. The research method used was qualitative, with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. Observation was conducted to identify the interaction and application of learning strategies by PAI teachers, while in-depth interviews with teachers and students provided information related to the effectiveness of the method. The results showed that 1) Teachers' creativity in combining learning methods, such as discussions, projects, and the use of technological media, was able to create an interesting and interactive learning atmosphere, which had a positive impact on students' understanding of the teaching materials. 2) Improved facilities and infrastructure as well as curriculum adjustments also support the effectiveness of learning, so that students are more motivated to actively participate in the learning process. PAI teachers not only convey religious concepts, but also equip students with balanced cognitive, affective, and psychomotor abilities, in accordance with Bloom's taxonomy theory. This study concludes that innovation in learning methods and adequate facility support are key in improving students' learning skills and interest.

This study analyzesthe effectiveness of the flipped learning program in enhancing the English language proficiency of students at LembagaBahasa LIA Cibinong. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, the study adopts the Kirkpatrick evaluation model, which includes four aspects: student reactions, the learning process, behavior change, and the final outcomes of the program implementation. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed through stages of condensation, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The subjects of the study involved the branch manager, academic staff, instructors, as well as students from LIA Cibinong and Jalan Baru, with the study being conducted from May to July 2024. The results of the study show that the implementation of flipped learning received positive feedback from students, increased active participation in class discussions, and developed critical thinking skills. Students also reported improvements in their English skills, particularly in speaking, listening, and vocabulary acquisition. Although challenges such as self-motivation and technological limitations still exist, the program has proven effective in enhancing the quality of learning and students' social skills. Classroom observation evaluations confirmed a consistent improvement in students' language skills. Additionally, the program had a positive impact on the institution's business growth. In conclusion, flipped learning has been shown to be an effective method and is worth further development atLembaga Bahasa LIA Cibinong. Recommendations for further development include optimizing learning motivation through gamification, improving the quality of materials, enhancing facilities, and providing additional training for teachers to maximize the potential of this method. 

Interpersonal communication is communication between a communicator and a communicant. This type of communication is considered the most effective in changing someone's attitude, opinion or behavior, because of its dialogic nature in the form of a conversation. Commitment to the organization means the level of trust and acceptance of the workforce towards the goals of the organization and the desire to remain in the organization which is ultimately reflected in the problems above. This research has several objectives, namely to analyze interpersonal communication skills between school principals and Telekomedika Vocational School teachers and to analyze the organizational commitment of Telekomedika Vocational School teachers. This research uses descriptive qualitative, with the data collected mostly in the form of words or images rather than numbers. The subjects in this research were leaders, teachers and staff at Bogor Telekomedika Vocational School. The research carries out analysis of the data obtained through interviews and other documents by combining and selecting data that is close to suitability related to the research study. The results of the research show that interpersonal communication can be done by improving communication so that they are more motivated to complete the work given by the organization, developing a positive attitude and attention to work in each teacher, setting work goals and trying to improve teachers' work knowledge. It is known that teachers' organizational commitment at Telekomedika Vocational Schools means that teachers as educators and instructors should have a commitment to the organization as a process that is not only limited to creating new ideas or thoughts.  The idea must be implemented through an adoption process, and adoption is the decision to use commitment to the organization as a whole as the best course of action. 

Reading comprehension skills are a major focus in Indonesian language learning, especially in grade IX, as narrative comprehension helps students relate information in a broader context. The purpose of this study is to provide comprehensive guidelines for the development of more effective Indonesian learning materials and to strengthen the reading comprehension skills of grade IX students. This study evaluates the readability using Fry's Graph Formula and the effectiveness of sentences in narrative texts as teaching materials for reading comprehension in grade IX Indonesian literacy narrative books. By using the Fry's Graph Formula analysis method, this research helps to adapt the text to the intended grade level. Of the six narrative texts analyzed, there are three that have good readability, two that have poor readability, and one that has poor readability. In addition, this study analyzed sentence ineffectiveness. Sentence ineffectiveness can be caused by various reasons, such as word inefficiency, inaccurate use of conjunctions, inaccuracy in word usage, inaccurate use of punctuation, and meaninglessness. The results of the study provide insight into the quality of grade IX Indonesian literacy narrative teaching materials and contribute to improving students' reading comprehension and ability. The readability and effectiveness of the sentences in the grade IX Indonesian literacy narrative book are very important to ensure that the material presented can be well understood by students, thus having a positive impact on the learning process and the achievement of learning objectives.  

The success of Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor is greatly influenced by the performance of its employees. Good work results can help Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor in achieving the goals and objectives that have been set. In other words, the better the employee's performance, the easier it will be to achieve the goals of Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor. On the other hand, if employee performance is low, it is not easy for Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor to achieve its goals. So the role of employee performance is a factor that cannot be separated from the objectives of Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor so that the quality of employee performance will influence the achievement of the objectives of Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor. This research aims to determine and analyze the role of organizational culture and career development in improving the performance of Perumda Tirta Pakuan employees in Bogor City. This research uses descriptive qualitative, with the data collected mostly in the form of words or images rather than numbers. The objects of this research are employees at Perumda Tirta Pakuan, Bogor. The research carries out analysis of the data obtained through interviews and other documents by combining and selecting data that is close to suitability related to the research study. The research results show that the role of organizational culture in improving employee performance at Perumda Tirta Pakuan Bogor is based on a talent management strategy which is an integrated system, designed to improve performance through the process of attracting and selecting, developing, utilizing and retaining employees who have skills and talents. in order to meet current and future organizational needs. The role of career development in improving the performance of Perumda Tirta Pakuan employees in Bogor is known that career development is an activity for future career planning by the employees themselves or the company concerned so that the company can also develop itself optimally.

The program "Education and Implementation of Household Composting System to Reduce Waste Generation in Kedungsuren Village" aims to increase community knowledge and skills in managing organic waste through composting. This activity was held on August 4, 2024, attended by 25 participants from PKK cadres. Through interactive counseling, compost demonstration, and distribution of educational brochures, participants showed a significant increase in understanding of the importance of organic waste management and the composting process. The program results showed that 85% of the participants felt more confident to implement composting practices in their homes, with 17 out of 25 participants understanding the correct way to make compost. Despite the success of this program, challenges such as limited composting tools and the need for more intensive mentoring still need to be addressed. Therefore, suggestions for increased availability of composting tools, continuous mentoring, further training, policy support, and program replication in other areas are needed to ensure the sustainability and long-term success of this program in reducing waste generation in Kedungsuren Village.

This research aims to increase interest in learning and critical thinking of class The background to this research is because students' low interest in learning, especially in learning mathematics. In the learning process, a student's interest in learning plays an important role in the teaching and learning process, because if students have low interest in learning, it will be difficult for them to receive knowledge from the teacher, so that learning outcomes will be less effective. This research uses the Classroom Action research method (PTK) which consists of two cycles. The techniques used for data collection are: planning, implementing actions, observing and evaluating and reflecting. Before that, initial observations were carried out in order to find out information or characteristics of students. The results of the research show that the PBL type cooperative learning model was applied to matrix material for class XI students at SMA Negeri 21 Surabaya. This can be seen from the increase in implementation results, observation and reflection.  Students' learning activities experienced a significant increase in cycle two compared to cycle one. By learning using the PBL method, it is possible for students to more easily understand the material because it relates to problems around them and with discussions students can work together and help each other if they experience problems. Apart from that, this method can also help develop their critical thinking and communication skills.