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This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

This research aims to develop Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning articles with a Tri Hita Karana orientation to increase teachers' needs for interactive teaching materials at SD Negeri 2 Batur. In the independent curriculum, science and social studies learning is combined into Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) subjects, with the hope that teachers can fulfill learning needs. The approach used in this research is descriptive qualitative, with the research subjects consisting of science and technology teachers. The techniques used in data collection were carried out through in-depth interviews and observation. The research results show that teachers need teaching materials that are more interactive, relevant to the local context, and able to integrate Tri Hita Karana values ​​in learning. The main challenges faced are limited technological facilities and a lack of teaching materials that link science concepts to students' daily lives. Based on research results, the development of local wisdom-based teaching materials such as Tri Hita Karana has the potential to increase students' active participation and support learning that is more meaningful, effective and relevant to the cultural context and local environment.

The main reason underlying this research is that many students feel that mathematics is a difficult subject, which leads to low learning outcomes in this subject. This research aims to explore the influence of the spinning top learning method on the addition of whole numbers in class III students in elementary schools. Using a quantitative experimental research design, data was obtained through pre-test and post-test to evaluate student skills. The results of the analysis show that the application of the top method significantly improves student learning outcomes, with the average post-test score being higher than the average pre-test score. From this research, it can be concluded that: (1) The mathematics learning method used has proven to be very effective. (2) The test results show an increase in students' mathematical abilities. (3) The spinning top method has a positive impact in improving mathematics learning skills, especially for class III students. This research also shows that this method has proven effective in increasing motivation. and students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

Administration and management are fundamental concepts in human activity, dating back to creation in Islamic perspective. The Qur'an contains various management principles that emphasize not only efficiency and effectiveness but also the ethical and spiritual values underlying every action. This study aims to explore the concepts of administration and management from the Qur'anic perspective and to apply Qur'anic management principles in everyday life. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach, this research identifies managerial values such as consultation (shura), optimal hard work (itqan), and honesty as guidance for Muslims to achieve a balance between worldly and spiritual goals. In conclusion, Qur'anic-based management not only directs operational success but also yields broad spiritual and social impacts.

Mental health stigma and low Mental Health Literacy (MHL) remain major challenges affecting the well-being of high school students, often preventing them from seeking professional help and contributing to psychological distress. This study aimed to evaluate the effectiveness of a school-based mental health literacy workshop in reducing stigma and enhancing students’ knowledge and social awareness. A quantitative experimental design with pre-test and post-test measurements was employed, involving high school students selected through purposive sampling. The intervention consisted of a face-to-face workshop covering basic mental health concepts, common adolescent disorders, strategies to seek professional support, and approaches to provide peer support. Data were collected using standardized attitudinal surveys and analyzed with paired t-tests. The results indicated a significant reduction in mental health stigma and a substantial increase in mental health knowledge. Additionally, students demonstrated improved understanding of mental health concepts, enhanced ability to recognize common disorders, greater awareness of help-seeking strategies, and increased empathy toward peers experiencing mental health challenges. These findings suggest that interactive workshops are effective in promoting both individual literacy and a supportive school environment. In conclusion, integrating mental health literacy programs into school curricula provides a sustainable strategy to reduce stigma, foster inclusive attitudes, and equip adolescents with the knowledge and social skills necessary for improved mental well-being.

The administration of government in Indonesia is based on a systemic approach which includes a central government system, called the government, as well as a regional government system. In the practice of government administration, there are concepts of centralization and decentralization that regulate the relationship between central and regional governments. The concept of centralization reflects the characteristic where all authority for administering government is centered in the central government, while the concept of decentralization shows the characteristic where some authority for government affairs, which was previously the responsibility of the central government, is delegated to regional governments . According to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning Regional Government, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) has a clear position as an integral regional people's representative institution in the administration of government at the local level. DPRD is not just a representative institution, but is also an inseparable part of the regional government structure. The function of the DPRD includes three main aspects, namely legislation, budgeting and supervision. (Kasenda et al., 2020). In an effort to realize this target, the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) needs to take concrete steps that can optimally strengthen its role in the context of regional government. The APBD is the implementation of the people's wishes for the government through the DPRD to improve welfare and services to the community. APBD is also the regional government's annual financial planning which is approved by the DPRD and made into policy through regional regulations. As a legislative institution, the DPRD has the responsibility to supervise the use of the budget and the implementation of regional government programs. Effective supervision is expected to increase transparency, accountability, and ensure that the benefits of the programs designed are truly felt by the community, especially those who need it most. Based on this description, the author is interested in conducting further research on the function of the Deli Serdang Regency DPRD in implementing the Regional Revenue and Expenditure Budget in the Development Sector. In formulating regional government policies, both from the executive and legislative branches, the orientation is to pay attention to the welfare of the people. Based on the results of the analysis and discussion, the conclusion is that direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. The effectiveness of supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation. Direct supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision. Indirect supervision has a positive and significant effect on APBD implementation through the effectiveness of supervision.

This think around focuses to essentially and comprehensively see at the concept of citizenship from the focuses of see of sacrosanct law and Islamic law. Citizenship may be a legal status that characterizes the rights and commitments of an individual interior a state. Inside the setting of sacrosanct law, citizenship is controlled through constitutions and citizenship laws that incorporate distinctive perspectives such as the benchmarks of citizenship (ius soli, ius sanguinis), human rights, and conscious commitments. Sacrosanct law besides considers the measures of vote based framework, value, and adjust in choosing citizenship status. On the other hand, from the point of see of Islamic law, the concept of citizenship isn't because it were seen from a legal-formal point but in addition incorporates moral and ethical estimations. Islamic law gives heading on the commitments and rights of individuals as parcel of the ummah (the Muslim community), based on Shariah measures such as value ('adl), open welfare (maslahah), and the confirmation of fundamental human rights. Besides, Islamic law considers the rights of non-Muslims interior an Islamic state setting through the concept of "ahl al-dhimmah" (guaranteed people) and the benchmarks of minority rights security. This examine grasps a essential and comparative examination approach to evaluate the resemblances and contrasts between these two perspectives. The revelations illustrate that in show disdain toward of foremost contrasts in their philosophical and methodological bases, both secured law and Islamic law share common goals, to be particular the confirmation of human rights and social value. In any case, contrasts inside the interpretation of these concepts can impact the execution of citizenship approaches in several countries. The think approximately additionally highlights the challenges and openings in coordination Islamic law benchmarks into the framework of display day sacrosanct law, particularly in Muslim-majority countries. At final, the examine proposes the require for more genuinely interest talk to realize a concordant agreeable vitality between secured law and Islamic law in controlling citizenship sensibly and comprehensively.

The Eucharist has a deep meaning; understanding this will help Catholics to live it more deeply. One of the meanings of the Eucharist can be explored by knowing that the Eucharist has its roots in the Jewish Passover tradition. This article aims to discuss the historical and theological relationship between the Jewish Passover tradition and the Eucharist in the Catholic Church. The method used is a literature study. The article explains that the Eucharist has its roots in three main concepts of the Jewish tradition: heavenly manna, the bread of the Divine presence, and communion. These meanings can contribute to increasing the awareness and faith of the people in celebrating the Eucharist.

This study aims to describe the understanding of mathematical concepts of X grade students of SMK ASISI on Trigonometry material. The type of research is descriptive qualitative research. the subjects are 3 students of class X AKL SMK ASISI who have high, medium and low categories, these students were selected on the basis of the results of daily test scores. This study refers to 5 indicators of understanding of mathematical concepts and the instruments in this study are written tests and interviews. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that students' understanding of mathematical concepts in trigonometry material is still relatively low and students have not met the indicators of understanding mathematical concepts from the results obtained from 12 students, there are 1 student who gets high scores, 7 students get medium scores, and 4 students get low scores.  

This study was motivated by the low understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi. Based on the results of the documentation study, the percentage of students with daily test scores below the 55 criterion ranged from 50% to 81%. Observations and interviews revealed that learning was still dominated by teachers, while students were less active in the learning process. This study aims to determine the significant effect of the Numbered Head Together (NHT) cooperative learning model on students' understanding of mathematical concepts. This experimental study used the Static Group Comparison Design. The population of the study was class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi in the 2021/2022 academic year consisting of 127 students from 4 classes. The sample was taken randomly, with class VIII1 as the experimental class and VIII2 as the control class. The research instrument was a mathematical concept understanding test. The results of data analysis using the t-test showed a calculated t value > t table (3.269 > 1.67) at a significance level of 0.05. From SPSS, a significant value of 0.02 <0.05 was obtained so that H0 was rejected and H1 was accepted. In conclusion, there is a significant influence of the NHT learning model on the understanding of mathematical concepts of class VIII students of SMP Negeri 4 Bukittinggi.    

At SMP Negeri 2 Gucialit, teachers have difficulty designing and implementing learning models that can develop students to have skills in critical thinking and problem solving, creative thinking skills, communication skills, and collaboration skills. The aim of this community service is to expand understanding of concepts and improve the skills of Junior High School teachers in designing project-based learning through lesson study. The method used in community service consists of three stages, namely preparation, implementation and evaluation. In the preparation stage, field survey activities and coordination with service partners were carried out. At the implementation stage, material is provided, practice is carried out in developing project-based learning teaching modules through lesson study and discussion. At the evaluation stage, an assessment of the results of the activities was carried out using a questionnaire distributed to participants by the community service team. Based on the results of the questionnaire, it shows that the percentage of answers achieved was 59.3% strongly agree with the benefits of this activity, 37% agree, 3.7% neutral, and there were no answers strongly disagree or disagree. This shows that this service activity increases the understanding of the concepts and skills of Junior High School teachers in designing project-based learning through lesson study. Apart from that, this community service activity produces project-based learning teaching module products and aquascape learning media.

This research investigates the development and testing of an interactive e-module based on inquiry learning, designed to improve students’ understanding of derivatives in calculus. The study adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach, which involves several stages: design, prototype creation, testing, and revision. The e-module incorporates interactive exercises, real-time feedback, and multimedia elements to engage students in active learning. A pre- and post-test assessment was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the e-module, revealing a 20% improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of derivatives. Feedback from students indicated that the e-module’s interactive features, including visual representations, problem-solving activities, and immediate corrections, significantly enhanced their learning experience. The results were compared with traditional printed materials, showing that the interactive e-module was more effective in improving students' problem-solving skills and overall understanding of abstract concepts in calculus. The findings suggest that technology-enhanced tools, such as interactive e-modules, offer a promising approach to calculus education, fostering deeper engagement and providing immediate feedback, which traditional methods fail to offer. These tools are particularly beneficial in bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application in higher education. The study also recommends expanding the use of inquiry-based learning and interactive modules to other areas of mathematics and STEM education. Future research should focus on refining the e-module to include more personalized learning pathways and explore its long-term effects on students' performance across various subjects.

This study explores the integration of Augmented Reality (AR) simulations in middle school science education, focusing on improving students’ conceptual understanding of complex topics such as metamorphosis. The research adopts an experimental design with a treatment group using AR simulations and a control group utilizing traditional teaching methods. The study aims to determine the effectiveness of AR in enhancing students' engagement, motivation, and understanding, as well as to evaluate the perceptions of both students and teachers regarding its use in the classroom. Data is collected through pre-tests and post-tests to measure conceptual understanding, along with perception questionnaires to gather feedback on the AR learning experience. The results of this study are expected to reveal that students in the AR treatment group will demonstrate greater improvements in their conceptual understanding compared to those in the control group. Additionally, it is anticipated that both students and teachers will report positive feedback on the use of AR, citing its interactive and immersive nature as a key factor in boosting motivation and engagement. The study also addresses challenges such as access to technology, cost, and the need for teacher training in effectively integrating AR into the curriculum. The findings suggest that AR can significantly enhance science learning outcomes, making complex concepts more accessible and engaging. The study concludes with recommendations for schools to adopt AR technology, ensure teacher training, and invest in the necessary resources to support AR integration in the classroom. By doing so, AR can play a pivotal role in improving middle school science education.

This study examines the application of the hermeneutical approach in Islamic studies from the perspective of contextual Islamic Religious Education (IRE). The problem underlying this research is the dominance of textual and normative learning patterns in Islamic education that are often disconnected from contemporary social and cultural realities. The study aims to describe the hermeneutic concepts of Fazlur Rahman’s “double movement” and Hans-Georg Gadamer’s “fusion of horizons” and to analyze their relevance in developing contextual IRE. This research employs a qualitative library research method by analyzing recent scientific literature (2021–2025) from national and international journals. The findings reveal that hermeneutics provides a methodological and philosophical foundation for transforming IRE from rote-based learning into reflective, dialogical, and contextual learning. This study concludes that hermeneutics can be used as a conceptual and practical framework to strengthen the relevance of Islamic education in addressing modern challenges. However, the study’s limitation lies in its theoretical nature, so further empirical research is recommended to test the effectiveness of hermeneutic-based pedagogical models in classroom settings.

Physics is a part of natural science that has the properties of processes, products and values. Most of the concepts of physics are formulas, but they can be tested through experiments. Along with technological developments in experiments often used technology-based aids, for example the use of PhET (Physics Education Technology) applications to determine gravitational acceleration through simple swivel arrangements. The simple rotation experiment was performed by giving variations in rope lengths of 50 cm, 60 cm, 70 cm, 80 cm, 90 cm, and 100 cm for each of the different bulk masses of 0.5 kg and 1 kg. The study aims to determine the value of gravitational acceleration in simple rotations using PhET applications. (Physics Education Technology). Research data is displayed in tables and graphs. The data analysis uses a linear regression equation between the length of the string (L) and the square of the period (T2). Large gravitational acceleration is obtained through the gradient of the linear equation of the longness of the rope (L). The magnitude of gravitational acceleration obtained for a 0.5 kg body mass was 9.50 m/s2, for a 1 kg body weight was 9.67 m /s2, and the average perception of gravity was 9.58 m / s2.

The creation of this final work aims to visualize the natural charm of Kerinci Regency in Naturalist Painting Works. This is a form of the author's response to the beauty of nature, how beautiful nature would be if it were not damaged. As well as a means to deepen the concepts and techniques of painting work. The creation of this final work applies a creation method that is carried out in stages. Starting from the preparation stage, Exploration stage, Improvisation stage, Formation stage, and completion stage. Based on the method that has been carried out, ten work titles were obtained, namely: "Gunung Kerinci", "Telun Berasap Waterfall", "Mountain Seven Lake", "Panorama of Khayanga Hill", "Aro Kayu Tea Garden", "Panorama of Longing for a Sekepal Tanah Heaven”, “Lake Kaco”, “Rawa Bento”, “Pancuran Rayo Waterfall”, “Bukit Curtain Dew”.

Teaching activities are a mechanism of community service activities containing many positive impacts for students, one of which is increasing a sense of caring, mutual respect, and fostering critical thinking in dealing with social problems that are developing today. This student teaching service activity uses the PAR (Participatory Action Research) method which is an approach that overcomes problems that occur in students' lives, especially in their social lives. In the context of this activity, namely building students' social awareness through teaching activities using the PAR method, it can enable students to learn a lot of new knowledge about social issues and they can even participate directly in social activities that are developing in people's lives today. This PAR method is carried out through several series, namely first identifying problems that occur in the lives of students today and looking for real examples of social problems related to the environment around them. After that, collecting data which includes material that will be delivered to students, and for the last stage, namely the implementation stage by presenting the material, the implementation of actions designed in the use of the PAR method directly involves third semester students of Sunan Giri University Surabaya. The results showed that student teaching activities succeeded in increasing understanding and social awareness in students, because in lecture activities students are always directly involved in a learning activity which discusses the introduction of important concepts from the basics of social life.

This research aims to analyze the ability of FMIPA Mathematics students at Medan State University (Unimed) in solving problems of convergence and divergence of real number sequences, as well as evaluating the effectiveness of using MATLAB software in supporting understanding of these concepts. This research is based on the aim of overcoming students' difficulties in understanding the concepts of convergence and divergence. The research method used was qualitative, with a sample of 20 students selected using purposive sampling. Data was collected through written tests and observations of the use of MATLAB which were distributed via Google Form in solving questions. The results show that 55% of students are in the "very understanding" category, with MATLAB proving to be very effective in making problem solving easier and deepening understanding.

Trademark dispute cases often occur in Indonesia, such as what happened in the trademark dispute case between PT. Yuasa with PT. Golden Surya Jaya in Indonesia. PT. Yuasa holds the GS trademark, while PT. Golden Surya Jaya has a similar trademark, GSJ. This brand conflict has led to legal disputes in Indonesia. where unscrupulous companies such as PT Golden Surya Jaya imitate the GS brand which has a high reputation, this indicates urgency for the need for protection and enforcement of trademark rights with the issuance of Law No. 20 of 2016. This research had a purpose to analyze and study cases of trademark disputes that occur in Indonesia in cases of disputes that occur in Indonesia and how positive law in Indonesia can protect trademark rights from these cases and what are the legal consequences and responsibilities involved. must be provided by product imitation actors to companies that are harmed in order to provide solutions to problem solving in cases of brand disputes. The researching method is a normative juridical research method by examining the theoretical approaches, concepts and statutory approaches by examining the statutory regulations concerned with this research.  

An action that results in the existence of several planned activities and actions taken to accomplish a goal is called implementation. A set or system of plans and arrangements relating to educational resources that can direct teaching and learning activities is called a curriculum. With a variety of intracurricular learning opportunities, the independent curriculum allows students to freely study all the material and facilitates the development of deeper concepts. The purpose of this study is to: (1) Determine how differentiated learning is implemented in SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics classes, (2) To determine the elements that facilitate and hinder the use of differentiated instruction in the autonomous curriculum for SDN Bacem's grade IV mathematics courses. This researcher does field research using a descriptive qualitative methodology. The study's findings demonstrate that: (1) Three crucial learning components of differentiated learning the content/content element, the process aspect, and the product aspect are applied in this autonomous curriculum. (2) Learning materials such as books and learning media are available to promote differentiated learning. Additionally, there are other constraints that hinder varied learning, such as a lack of infrastructure and resources and instructors' limited time to execute it.