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This study aims to analyze the tendency of moving toward people in the main character of the novel Pukul Setengah Lima by Rintik Sedu using Karen Horney’s psychoanalytic theory. The main character exhibits behaviors that reflect a neurotic need for affection, approval, and protection through submissiveness, self-sacrifice, and emotional dependence on others. A descriptive qualitative approach is employed, using content analysis of excerpts from the novel. The findings reveal that the tendency to move toward others serves as a psychological response to social anxiety rooted in unresolved inner conflicts and emotional insecurity from the past. This pattern of unbalanced interpersonal relationships acts as a defense mechanism to gain a sense of safety in social life. The study contributes to a deeper understanding of psychological dynamics in contemporary Indonesian popular literature and enriches the field of literary psychology.

In this article, sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools is discussed in relation to human rights violations. Many incidents show the practice of sexual violence involving officials, even though Islamic boarding schools are considered educational institutions that instill moral and religious values. The purpose of this study is to determine the types of human rights violations, the factors that cause sexual violence, and the function of Islamic boarding schools in preventing and implementing efforts to protect victims. This study uses a qualitative method using case studies and literature analysis. The results of the study indicate that verbal, physical, and psychological violence are forms of sexual violence in Islamic boarding schools. These incidents are influenced by patriarchal cultural norms, unequal power dynamics, and lack of supervision from outside parties. Victims suffer greatly from the impact, both intellectually and mentally. Therefore, to provide a safe and free learning environment from sexual violence, a comprehensive strategy is needed that involves the rule of law, increasing awareness of human rights, and providing psychosocial support to victims.

Faith crisis is one of the psychological and spiritual challenges faced by university students during their identity-seeking phase. The inner conflicts that arise are often related to academic pressure, social interactions, and deep questions about belief. This study aims to explore the dynamics of inner conflict experienced by students and the role of religious resolution in their recovery process. Using a qualitative approach through in-depth interviews with five students from different religious backgrounds, the study found that faith crises can trigger psychological stress, but this can be mitigated through mature religious understanding, support from spiritual communities, and engagement in religious activities. The study highlights the importance of religious support in managing inner conflicts during the transition to early adulthood.

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

This article analyzes the representation of inner conflict and the search for self-identity in the character Haia in the novel Laut Tengah by Berliana Kimberly, using Sigmund Freud's literary psychology approach. This approach highlights the dynamics of the interaction between the id, ego, and superego in shaping Haia's personality and behavior. Through this analysis, it is found that Haia experiences deep inner conflict due to the tension between personal drives and social demands. The ego defense mechanisms used by Haia, such as rationalization and sublimation, play an important role in maintaining her psychological balance. In addition, the social and cultural environment also influences the formation of Haia's self-identity, creating a dilemma between fulfilling external expectations and pursuing personal happiness. Haia's identity transformation process reflects the search for meaning and self-acceptance that are essential in achieving psychological balance. The implications of this analysis suggest that literature can function as a mirror of life, reflecting the psychological dynamics experienced by individuals in society. 

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

The phenomenon of social pressure experienced by individuals often triggers complex inner conflicts and affects their psychological stability. This study aims to describe the form of inner conflict of the character Alena in facing social pressure in the novel Lilin by Saniyyah Putri S.S. The data collection technique used was a literature study by reading, recording, and identifying data from the novel. The data analysis technique used was a qualitative descriptive analysis with Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic approach, which includes the id, ego, and superego. The results of the analysis show that the character Alena experiences an inner conflict that is predominantly influenced by social pressure from the family and community environment, which is reflected through the tug-of-war between subconscious drives and the moral values she believes in. The conclusion of this study is that the inner conflict experienced by Alena is raised in the continuity between the id, ego, and superego, which strengthens the relevance of Freud's psychoanalytic theory in understanding the dynamics of the psyche of fictional characters

The purpose of this study is to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Keke in the novel Surat Kecil Untuk Tuhan using the literary psychology approach developed by Sigmund Freud. The main focus of this study lies in the main aspects of personality possessed by humans that have been stated in the psychoanalytic theory approach of Sigmund Freud. These three approaches include the idea of ego and super ego, which in it represent the basic structure in the development of human personality. The results of this analysis indicate that the character Keke has a strong ID which is reflected through the instinctive drive to survive and avoid the suffering that comes from the cancer he has. The aspect of the elder brother's ego is seen from his rational attitude in facing the reality of life, such as in his decision to continue going to school and undergoing chemotherapy for his recovery. While the last aspect, namely the super ego, is stated to be more prominent than other aspects, the super ego aspect possessed by Keke stands out in the form of moral toughness, religious values and social responsibility, for example when he tells his family not to be sad and not to sacrifice all his wealth for the treatment of his illness. These three aspects of personality interact with each other and form a balanced personality between each other even though they are in a bad condition. Through the psychoanalytic approach of Sigmund Freud, the character of Keke in the novel Surat Kecil untuk Tuhan, the character of Keke is stated as a character who can inspire and has very high moral values. The analysis of this novel also proves that the psychoanalytic theory owned by Sigmund Freud is very effective in exploring the inner depths of a character and can understand the emotional and spiritual complexity in dealing with the suffering felt by a character in his story.

Psychological tests are important tools used to uncover various aspects of an individual's personality according to the needs of psychological assessment. One widely used form of psychological testing is the personality test, which is generally divided into two main types: objective and projective. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of both types of tests in uncovering aspects of an individual's personality by comparing their respective advantages and disadvantages. The research method used was a qualitative method with a literature review approach, namely through a review of various scientific articles, research journals, and relevant literature sources discussing the use of objective and projective personality tests. The results show that each type of test has distinct characteristics and functions. Objective tests are considered more reliable, efficient, and easy to interpret, while projective tests provide a more in-depth picture of an individual's personality dynamics but require more subjective interpretation. Furthermore, this study also analyzes the ideal conditions and timing for use of both types of tests and presents case studies of the application of each test in the context of psychological assessment.

This study discusses the effectiveness of digital counseling services as a form of psychological intervention in reducing political anxiety among urban Indonesians in the post-truth era. This era is characterized by the massive spread of information that is often misleading and triggers public uncertainty and unrest, especially before and during political processes such as elections. Using a qualitative approach with case study methods and in-depth interviews, this study explores the experiences of urban individuals who participate in digital counseling services. The results show that digital counseling is able to provide a reflective and supportive space for individuals to understand and manage their emotions and political perceptions in a healthier way. This intervention has been shown to strengthen psychological resilience, reduce levels of political anxiety, and increase media literacy and critical awareness of urban communities towards national political dynamics. These findings recommend the integration of digital mental health services into psycho-political impact mitigation strategies in the digital era.

This study aims to analyze the psychological dynamics of the character Alie in the novel Rumah untuk Alie by Lenn Liu using Sigmund Freud’s psychoanalytic approach. The focus of the study lies in identifying and interpreting the personality structures of id, ego, and superego, as well as the ego defense mechanisms that emerge as responses to trauma and violence within the family environment. The research method employed is qualitative descriptive, utilizing content analysis techniques on the narrative, dialogue, and monologue of the main character. The results indicate that Alie’s id is manifested in a deep longing for love and protection, the ego functions in adapting and adjusting to the reality of a rejecting family, while the superego is reflected through feelings of guilt and a tendency to accept mistreatment as a form of self-punishment. These findings confirm that traumatic experiences and family pressures significantly influence the development of personality and mental health of the character. This study also highlights the relevance of literary psychology in revealing psychological issues faced by contemporary Indonesian society through literary works.

This study aims to examine the personality structure of the characters in the novel Areksa written by ItaKrn by utilizing a literary psychology approach based on Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytic theory. This study focuses more on the characters of Areksa Dirgantara and Ilona Ladeika, who experience emotional dynamics through the interaction of the three components of personality: id, ego, and superego. The method applied in this study is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques that include in-depth reading and recording. The findings of this study indicate that the characters in the novel face significant internal conflicts, where emotional drives (id), rational considerations (ego), and moral values ​​(superego) influence each other in the decision-making process and attitude formation. Areksa is shown as a character trapped in a dilemma between love and faith, while Ilona depicts a struggle between personal desires and existing social norms. These results emphasize how relevant Freud's theory is in understanding psychological conflicts in literary characters. Thus, a literary psychology approach can explore the inner depths of characters and enrich understanding of literary works as a reflection of the complexity of human psychology.

Building effective leadership in schools is key to creating a productive and harmonious educational environment. A managerial psychology approach can provide in-depth insight into effective ways of leading, by considering psychological aspects that influence individual behavior and performance in school organizations. This approach focuses on understanding the psychological characteristics of leaders and team members, managing emotions, and effective communication in building mutually supportive relationships. In an educational context, managerial psychology can help school leaders to manage team dynamics, increase motivation, and create a positive work climate. Therefore, it is hoped that the application of managerial psychology principles in leadership in schools can produce more effective school management, both in the aspects of teaching, management and human resource development.  

The rapid growth of social media has significantly influenced the psychological dynamics of adolescents, particularly regarding their mental health. This study aims to examine the relationship between the five dimensions of the Big Five personality traits (neuroticism, extraversion, openness, agreeableness, and conscientiousness) and adolescent mental health in the digital era. Using a qualitative method with a literature review approach, the study analyzed various recent scientific sources. The findings indicate that certain personality traits, such as high neuroticism, are positively correlated with mental health issues, while others, like extraversion and conscientiousness, serve as protective factors. The interaction between personality traits and social media usage patterns also affects adolescents' levels of stress, anxiety, and tendencies toward negative behaviors such as FOMO and digital addiction. These results highlight the importance of a personalized approach in supporting adolescents, involving parents, teachers, and counselors, to prevent psychological disorders and promote mental well-being based on individual personality characteristics.

This study aims to analyze the role of psychological assessment in improving the effectiveness of guidance and counseling services in educational settings through a qualitative literature review. Psychological assessment is a fundamental component in counseling practice that allows counselors to understand clients in depth and comprehensively. The research method uses a qualitative approach with a literature review that analyzes journal articles, textbooks, and relevant academic publications from 2015- 2025. The results of the study indicate that psychological assessment has two main roles: first, helping counselors understand the internal dynamics, cultural context, strengths, and resources of clients; second, providing various types of assessment instruments that can be selected according to needs, including personality, cognitive, emotional, behavioral, projective, multicultural, and technology-based assessments. Appropriate assessment not only functions as a diagnostic tool but also as a therapeutic intervention that encourages client self-awareness. The implementation of quality psychological assessment is the foundation for designing effective and responsive counseling services to the individual needs of students, so that it can improve the overall quality of guidance and counseling services in educational settings.

In the context of modern organizations that increasingly demand high productivity, employees’ emotional well-being is often overlooked in organizational design. This study aims to explore how a humanistic approach can be integrated into organizational design to create a work environment that is not only efficient but also supportive of emotional well-being. Using a literature review method complemented by interviews and observations of workplace dynamics, this study finds that organizations still tend to adopt bureaucratic and technocratic approaches that neglect employees’ psychological dimensions. As a result, issues such as burnout, decreased motivation, and low work engagement emerge. The findings highlight the need for a paradigm shift in organizational design—from a purely structural system toward a humanistic design that considers emotional needs. This study emphasizes that emotional well-being must be positioned as a strategic element in organizational design, not merely as a supplementary effort. Thus, work effectiveness and emotional well-being can be sustainably aligned.

The movie 500 Days of Summer represents the complexity of interpersonal communication in romantic relationships through a multidimensional and realistic approach. This study analyzes the communication dynamics between the main characters, Tom Hansen and Summer Finn, by focusing on the misalignment of verbal and nonverbal messages that trigger ambiguity and miscommunication. In addition, this study explores the implications of the emotional dynamics in the relationship for tourist behavior, especially the phenomenon of emotional tourism as a form of escape and recovery after a breakup. This study also examines the utilization of emotional experience-based tourism as a destination marketing strategy to meet the needs of tourists in emotional transition. The results of the analysis confirm the importance of integrating an understanding of interpersonal communication and emotional dynamics in the development of tourism oriented towards affective and reflective experiences. The findings provide an academic contribution to the study of interpersonal communication and its implications in the tourism industry, particularly in designing destinations that are responsive to the psychological needs of visitors.

The family is the smallest social unit in society that plays an important role in individual development. Harmonius relationships within the family are the main foundation for creating individuals who are physically, emotionally, and psychologically healthy. Family Psychodynamics is an approach to family counseling that is rooted in psychoanalytic theory. This approach focuses on unconscious emotional patterns in relationships between family members, as well as the influence of childhood experiences on current family dynamics. Behavioral Social Family Counseling is an approach to family counseling that combines psychodynamic principles with social behavioral theory. This approach focuses on how social interactions and behaviors observed within the family affect the dynamics of relationships between family members.The Structural Family Approach is a counseling model that emphasizes family structure, including roles, hierarchies, and patterns of relationships between family members. This approach was developed by Salvador Minuchin, who believed that families have a structure that influences interactions between family members.  

Modern women face layered complexities of challenges in navigating life in the contemporary era. Through an in-depth analysis of the character Hana as a representation of contemporary women, this article explores the dynamics of internal struggles encompassing aspects of hope, psychological trauma, and the search for spiritual meaning. This study uses a descriptive qualitative approach with narrative analysis to understand the psychosocial phenomena experienced by urban Indonesian women. The research results show that modern women experience a continuous dilemma between social expectations, personal aspirations, and spiritual needs, which is reflected in the life journey of the character Hana. These findings make an important contribution to understanding the construction of Indonesian women's identity in the 21st century.

In the context of Indonesian culture, living with parents or in-laws is quite common, especially for young couples who are not yet financially independent. However, dynamics in the household such as differences in values, habits, and privacy boundaries often pose psychological challenges for wives. This study aims to describe the psychological well-being of wives who live with their in-laws after marriage. This study uses a qualitative approach with an in-depth interview method with one of the informants who meets the criteria, namely women who have been married and have lived with their in-laws for at least one year. The results of the study indicate that there are various aspects of psychological well-being that are influenced by the condition of living with in-laws, including self-acceptance, autonomy, positive relationships with others, and mastery of the environment. Factors such as partner support, open communication, and adaptability are the main determinants in maintaining the psychological well-being of wives in this situation. This study is expected to provide insight for young couples and families in building harmonious relationships in a household involving more than one generation..