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The purpose of this study was to develop AKM model mathematics questions using the Yogyakarta cultural context to determine the profile of mathematical literacy of high school students. This type of research is a design research type of development study using an emphasis on repeated cycle development using formative evaluation. This study developed a set of AKM model mathematics questions, with preliminary and prototyping stages. The subjects of the study were class X students of MAN 2 Wonosobo and were determined by partner teachers. Data analysis techniques used document analysis, walk through analysis, and test result analysis. The results of the study showed that: 1) a set of AKM model mathematics questions using the Yogyakarta cultural context that were compiled had met the valid criteria using the Formative Evaluation flow. 2) the results of the study of the profile of mathematical literacy of students in the field test subjects revealed that there were many students who had not completed, especially in the employ category where only 15% (6 out of 40 students) had completed it, namely on question number 8. Likewise in the formulate and interprete categories, both of which were no more than 17.5% of students who managed to get the maximum score. Likewise, in the content category, it can be seen that no more than 15% (6 out of 40 students) were able to obtain the maximum score on question number 8. Meanwhile, in the algebra domain, at least 32.5% (13 out of 40 students) managed to obtain the maximum score, namely on questions 23, 24 and 25. The same thing in the data domain can be seen to be higher than the number domain and geometry domain, although the percentage is quite low, namely 27.5% (11 out of 40 students) who obtained the maximum score.

Social Studies (IPS) is one of the subjects taught at the elementary / MI / SDLB level to SMP / MTs / SMP / SMPLB. IPS examines various claims, facts, assumptions, and generalizations related to social issues, by covering disciplines such as Geography, History, Sociology, and Economics in the SMP / MTs curriculum. Through social studies learning, students are encouraged to become active citizens, caring, politically aware, and have a global awareness and love of peace.This research uses a literature analysis method or literature review approach. Social studies covers a variety of subjects, including science, mathematics, and Indonesian language, thus placing it as a challenging field of study. Social studies learning seeks to answer various human rights issues and daily social problems faced by society. In the process, social studies learning is characterized by challenges and complexities that must be faced by educators and students. Keywords: Social Science, Education and Curriculum, Social and Civic Issues, Literature Review

The main reason underlying this research is that many students feel that mathematics is a difficult subject, which leads to low learning outcomes in this subject. This research aims to explore the influence of the spinning top learning method on the addition of whole numbers in class III students in elementary schools. Using a quantitative experimental research design, data was obtained through pre-test and post-test to evaluate student skills. The results of the analysis show that the application of the top method significantly improves student learning outcomes, with the average post-test score being higher than the average pre-test score. From this research, it can be concluded that: (1) The mathematics learning method used has proven to be very effective. (2) The test results show an increase in students' mathematical abilities. (3) The spinning top method has a positive impact in improving mathematics learning skills, especially for class III students. This research also shows that this method has proven effective in increasing motivation. and students' understanding of mathematical concepts.

This study aims to describe the understanding of mathematical concepts of X grade students of SMK ASISI on Trigonometry material. The type of research is descriptive qualitative research. the subjects are 3 students of class X AKL SMK ASISI who have high, medium and low categories, these students were selected on the basis of the results of daily test scores. This study refers to 5 indicators of understanding of mathematical concepts and the instruments in this study are written tests and interviews. Based on the results of the analysis, it can be concluded that students' understanding of mathematical concepts in trigonometry material is still relatively low and students have not met the indicators of understanding mathematical concepts from the results obtained from 12 students, there are 1 student who gets high scores, 7 students get medium scores, and 4 students get low scores.  

This research investigates the development and testing of an interactive e-module based on inquiry learning, designed to improve students’ understanding of derivatives in calculus. The study adopts a Research and Development (R&D) approach, which involves several stages: design, prototype creation, testing, and revision. The e-module incorporates interactive exercises, real-time feedback, and multimedia elements to engage students in active learning. A pre- and post-test assessment was conducted to measure the effectiveness of the e-module, revealing a 20% improvement in students’ conceptual understanding of derivatives. Feedback from students indicated that the e-module’s interactive features, including visual representations, problem-solving activities, and immediate corrections, significantly enhanced their learning experience. The results were compared with traditional printed materials, showing that the interactive e-module was more effective in improving students' problem-solving skills and overall understanding of abstract concepts in calculus. The findings suggest that technology-enhanced tools, such as interactive e-modules, offer a promising approach to calculus education, fostering deeper engagement and providing immediate feedback, which traditional methods fail to offer. These tools are particularly beneficial in bridging the gap between theoretical understanding and practical application in higher education. The study also recommends expanding the use of inquiry-based learning and interactive modules to other areas of mathematics and STEM education. Future research should focus on refining the e-module to include more personalized learning pathways and explore its long-term effects on students' performance across various subjects.

Mathematics plays a crucial role in developing students' problem-solving abilities and independence. Educators need to consider the varying characteristics of students when it comes to solving problems, one of which is their adversity quotient (AQ) level. The adversity quotient relates to a student's ability to handle complex problems or to overcome challenging situations. This research aims to analyze the mathematical problem-solving abilities of Class X students in the context of Systems of Linear Equations in Two Variables (SPLDV) based on their Adversity Quotient (AQ). This qualitative, descriptive study involved selecting research subjects using an AQ questionnaire and was conducted in Class X. Data collection methods included testing, interviews, and documentation. Data analysis techniques included data reduction, data presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that subjects with the Climber type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, and use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Camper type can understand problems, develop problem-solving plans, solve problems with accurate and appropriate steps, but often cannot use available information to re-check their answers. Subjects with the Quitter type can understand the problem and formulate a plan but struggle to solve the problem accurately and appropriately, and tend not to use available information to re-check their answers.

Advances in augmented reality (AR) technology have opened up new possibilities in learning, such as help with mathematics. The aim of this research is to develop a simple interactive learning application for building rooms based on AR technology using Unity and Vuforia Engine. This application is designed to help students understand spatial geometry concepts visually and interactively so as to increase interest and understanding of the subject matter. This application development uses Unity as a development platform and Vuforia Engine as an SDK to facilitate AR integration.  This application creates a more interesting learning experience and supports the visualization of geometric objects such as cones, cubes, tubes, balls and pyramids. AR technology allows students to interact with these objects in a 3D environment, which can be very helpful in clarifying concepts and formulas that are difficult to understand using traditional learning media. It is hoped that this research can provide innovative solutions to improve the quality of geometry learning in schools.

Learning outcomes are a unit of value that is a benchmark in determining the success of learning. This low learning outcome can be caused by two factors, namely internal factors and external factors. Therefore, this research discusses the effectiveness of problem solving models on student learning outcomes.   This research aims to determine the effectiveness of the problem solving learning model on the mathematics learning outcomes of class V students at SD Negeri 80 Palembang. This type of research is a quasi experimental design with a nonequivalent control group design type. The subject of this research is class V of SD Negeri 80 Palembang. This research data collection technique uses observation, tests and documentation. The data analysis technique using hypothesis testing assisted by SPSS version 26 resulted in a tcount value of 2.115 > ttable 2.045 so it can be concluded that there is a significant difference in the learning outcomes of students using the problem solving model at SD Negeri 80 Palembang

The goal of this study is to improve the mathematics learning outcomes of fifth-grade students in inclusive schools by applying the Jarimamatics approach of multiplying numbers from 6 to 9. This research was carried out at SDN 02 Taman Kota Madiun. The study method employed is Classroom Action study (PTK), which is conducted in two cycles. Each cycle includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The subjects of this study were all eight class V pupils.Tests, observations, and documentation are some data collection approaches. The Jarimatika technique was used in this research to improve learning outcomes in mathematical multiplication. According to research data, the use of the Jarimatika technique can improve the multiplication skills of class V students. This is proven by an increase in student learning completion by 37.5% from cycle I to 75% in cycle II. Thus, using the Jarimatika approach can increase the accuracy of multiplication calculations for class V inclusive children. It is hoped that teachers can use the Jarimatika technique to improve mathematics learning in subsequent learning materials.

In class VI.A students, there are still many students having difficulty in doing statistics problems. Therefore, this research needs to be done in order to find out the learning obstacles experienced by grade VI students of SDN 6 Palembang on statistics material. Learning obstacle is divided into three types, namely ontogenic obstacle, didactial obstacle, and epistemological obstacle. The research method used in this study is a descriptive qualitative method. The instruments used in this study consisted of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews, material analysis, lesson plan analysis, and textbook analysis and students of grade VI.A SDN 6 Palembang as the subjects in this study who were respondents who carried out learning obstacle diagnostic tests and interviews. Learning obstacles can be found based on the results of the analysis of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, interviews with homeroom teachers and students of class VI.A, lesson plan analysis and textbook analysis. The results of this study found learning obstacles, namely ontogenic obstacles such as lack of interest in learning mathematics and lack of student activeness in learning, didactical obstacles such as learning resources that are still limited and epistemological obstacles, namely lack of understanding of statistical concepts.

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics)-based learning models in improving students' understanding of thermodynamic concepts. The research method used is a quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design. The subjects of the study were high school students who were divided into experimental and control classes. The results showed that the STEM approach can significantly improve students' conceptual understanding and problem-solving skills compared to conventional learning models. The implication of this study is the need for integration of the STEM approach in physics learning in order to improve the quality of education in the modern era.

Education plays an important role in shaping students' character and competence. One of the challenges faced by the world of education is how to build students' understanding of subject matter that is relevant to the context of their daily lives. In this case, ethnomathematics is a very potential approach to be applied in mathematics learning. The purpose of this study is to examine the effectiveness of ethnomatics-based mathematics learning to strengthen cultural values. This study uses a Qualitative research method with a case study approach. This approach allows researchers to explore the experiences, perceptions, and impacts of ethnomathematics learning on students and teachers. The research subjects consisted of: students, teachers and parents. The results of this study indicate that ethnomathematics can improve students' mathematics learning achievement, especially in terms of identifying, translating, understanding the meaning of symbols, understanding and applying mathematical ideas, and making an exploration (estimate) related to mathematical concepts that is better than conventional learning.

The aim of this research is to determine the positive and significant influence of the use of learning media in mathematics subjects on the learning activity of students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan for the 2023/2024 academic year. The method used in this research is quantitative with an inferential statistical approach. The population is all class IX students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan in 2024 totaling 68 people and a sample of 44 people was determined, namely 20% of the total population using random sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 30 items. The results of data analysis show that learning media has a positive and significant effect on students' active learning at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan. Test the analysis requirements in this research using the normality test which obtained the Asymp value. signature. (2-tailed) is 0.200, meaning it is greater than 0.05 (0.200 > 0.05) so it can be concluded that the research data is normally distributed. The results of the correlation test show that there is a positive relationship between variable Apart from that, the significant relationship test obtained a value of tcount= 0.629 > ttable(a=0.05, dk=n-2=42)= 2.021, thus there is a significant relationship between variable X and variable Y. The hypothesis was tested through a regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂=5.255+0.773X and the regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 39.5%.  Testing the hypothesis using the F test obtained Fcount > Ftable, namely 27.470 > 4.08. Thus Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected. So it can be concluded that learning media has a positive and significant effect on the active learning of class XI students at SMP Negeri 1 Parmonangan in 2024.  

This study aims to increase motivation to learn mathematics by using  the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach assisted  by Quizizz Paper Mode on class X exponential material at SMAN 21 Surabaya. Learning motivation is one of the important factors in achieving students' academic success. The low motivation of students to learn in mathematics subjects is the background of this research. This type of research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which is carried out during 2 learning cycles. The data collection techniques used are observation and questionnaires. The results of the study show that the application of  the Culturally Responsive Teaching (CRT) approach assisted by Quizizz Paper Mode can increase students' motivation to learn mathematics. The increase can be seen from the increase in the percentage of students' learning motivation in the first cycle of 80.9% with a high category and the percentage of students' learning motivation in the second cycle of 90.93% with a very high category. The result of the increase in learning motivation from cycle I to cycle II was 10.03%.

This research was carried out with the aim of finding out the learning obstacles experienced by students, especially class V students at SD Negeri 3 Air Kumbang, using rank number material. Learning Obstacles are divided into three types, namely ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles, and didactical obstacles. The research method used is a descriptive qualitative method using several instruments including the results of learning obstacle diagnostic tests, material analysis, interviews, lesson plan analysis, and analysis of textbooks used during the learning process. 20 fifth grade students at SD Negeri 3 Air Kumbang were the subjects of this research. In this research, learning obstacles were found which were divided into three categories, namely ontogenic obstacles, epistemological obstacles and didactical obstacles. Ontogenic obstacles can be seen from students' lack of enthusiasm for learning and readiness to learn. Epistemological obstacles can be seen from students' lack of understanding of a concept related to mathematics due to the limited context that students know, as well as didactical obstacles obtained from the learning tools used which can create learning obstacles during the learning process.

Learning outcomes are a series of skills, knowledge, attitudes and values ​​obtained by students in their thinking process during learning activities. This research aims to improve the learning outcomes of class X-4 students on opportunity material by applying the problem based learning model assisted by wordwall media. To see an increase in learning outcomes, classroom action research was carried out for two cycles using the method of observation and analysis of test results with research instruments in the form of pretest posttest questions in the 2023/2024 academic year. The subjects of this classroom action research were 34 students from class X-4 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research results showed a consistent increase in learning outcomes over two cycles in the opportunity material. Before the action was taken there were 18 students who had not reached the KKM and only 16 students had completed it so the percentage of completion was 47.05% with an average learning outcome of 67.76. In the first cycle, the number of students who completed their learning outcomes reaching the KKM increased to 28 with a completion percentage of 82.35% and an average learning outcome of 78.23. In cycle II, the number of students whose learning outcomes achieved the KKM consistently increased so that there were 31 with a completion percentage of 91.17% and an average learning outcome of 89.54.

This study was conducted by looking at the low learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya in the previous material, namely SPLTV. This study was conducted with the aim of improving students' mathematics learning outcomes in the quadratic equation material by implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall. This study is included in classroom action research which is carried out in two cycles. The subjects of the study used were 36 class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The research data were obtained through pretest, observation, and posttest. The analysis data from the pretest and posttest results were in the form of quantitative data which would be used to determine the increase in student learning outcomes. While the analysis data from the observation results in the form of qualitative data were used as a guideline to improve and perfect learning activities from cycle I to cycle II. Based on the results of the study that has been carried out, it shows that implementing a cooperative learning model of the team games tournament (TGT) type using the help of wordwall on the quadratic equation material can improve the learning outcomes of class X-2 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya. The classical completeness of the pretest cycle I was 44.4%. After the implementation of the TGT type cooperative learning model, there was an increase to 77.8% in the posttest of cycle I. In cycle II, it increased again to 94.6% with a classical completion target of 85%.

The success of the learning process is highly desired in school education. One of the key factors in achieving success is the teacher's selection of appropriate methods for delivering the lesson material in class, which contributes to students' learning outcomes. In mathematics instruction, particularly on the topic of Statistics in class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya, the results have been unsatisfactory, with an average score of 59 for the 2023/2024 academic year. Therefore, improvement is needed through the implementation of the Team Assisted Individualization (TAI) cooperative learning model. The subjects of this study are students of class X-7 at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya for the 2023/2024 academic year, consisting of 36 students. This study involves a mathematics teacher and an observer. The data collection tools used include formative tests, observation sheets for the teacher, students, and group discussion activities, as well as reflection questionnaires on the learning process. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the application of the TAI cooperative learning model can improve the learning outcomes of class X-7 students at SMA Negeri 9 Surabaya on the topic of Statistics. This study is expected to encourage teachers to implement the TAI cooperative learning model in Statistics to enhance students' learning outcomes in Mathematics.

The mathematics learning results of grade IV students of SDN Dukuh Kupang II/489 Surabaya were initially still relatively low, there were still many students who had difficulties with the concept of presenting bar chart data. For this reason, the researcher conducted a study with the aim of finding out the improvement of student learning results by using the Teaching at The Right Level (TaRL) approach in grade IV mathematics learning at SDN Dukuh Kupang II/489 Surabaya. This research uses the type of Classroom Action Research (PTK). The subject of the study was 28 students in class IV. In the 1st cycle stage, only 32.2% of students achieved the completeness of learning results, this percentage then experienced a significant increase to 82.1% in the 2nd cycle. Based on this study, it can be concluded that the Teaching at The Right Level (TaRL) approach can improve student learning results in mathematics subjects, especially data presentation materials in grade IV of SDN Dukuh Kupang II/489 Surabaya.

This research aims to describe the improvement in learning outcomes in spatial volume material using the TARL approach for class IV students at SDN 01 Kanigoro. This research was carried out using a type of Classroom Action Research (PTK) which was carried out in 2 cycles which aimed to determine the increase in the completeness of student learning outcomes through the TARL learning approach. The research subjects were 12 class IV students at SDN 01 Kanigoro. The research results show an increase in student learning outcomes in mathematics subjects using the TARL approach at SDN 01 Kanigoro. Based on the results of pre-cycle action activities, there were 3 students who completed and 9 students who did not complete. In the first cycle, there were 7 students who completed and 5 students who did not complete. while in the second cycle there were 11 students who completed it and 1 student who did not complete it. In conclusion, by using the TARL approach, student learning outcomes in class can improve.