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This study describes the implementation of the differentiation method in the Independent Curriculum to accommodate differences in the abilities of grade XI students at SMAN 1 Percut Sei Tuan. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results show that teachers implement product differentiation by giving students the freedom to express their understanding according to their interests, learning styles, and readiness through the Discovery Learning model. Assessment is carried out using a flexible rubric that emphasizes core competencies. This method has proven effective in creating inclusive, meaningful learning that can optimize student potential.

This study aims to examine the extent to which students' abilities are in understanding mathematical concepts in depth, connecting them, and applying them in various life contexts. Improving mathematical understanding is considered to have a significant influence on the world of education. This is reflected in three main aspects: improving learning outcomes, strengthening critical thinking skills, and readiness to face global challenges in the 21st century. Students' learning styles are one of the important factors that influence mathematical understanding. Learning styles can be divided into three, namely visual (relying on sight), auditory (through hearing), and kinesthetic (through physical activity). Each individual generally has all three styles, but one of them will be more dominant. Students' ability to recognize and adjust their learning styles with appropriate learning strategies contributes to their success in understanding the material. This study uses a quantitative approach with a correlational survey technique. The research sample consisted of 30 grade XI students of SMK Ristek Jaya Jakarta. Data analysis was carried out through several stages, including the validity and reliability of learning style instruments and descriptive and inferential statistical tests such as regression and normality. The results of the analysis showed that the scientific approach had a significant influence on students' mathematical understanding, with a determination coefficient of 70.39%. This means that this approach contributes greatly to improving mathematical understanding based on students' learning styles. This study suggests further studies to deepen understanding of this phenomenon and make it a reference in learning practices.

The problem-based learning (PBL) model is an approach that directs students to learn and work together to solve problems in the real world. Referring to the results of observations that researchers conducted at SMPN 2 nganjuk, still using a conventional learning model. This can be seen from the knowledge and skills of students who have not met the minimum standards set by the school. So that researchers provide solutions in the form of applying PBL-based learning models in the subject matter of long jump hanging style. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of PBL-based long jump hanging style learning model products. This type of study is Research and Development (R&D) whose stages include conducting needs analysis, identifying learning models, developing learning models, evaluation, small group tests and large group tests. This research data collection uses instruments in the form of observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the percentage calculation by 2 learning experts amounted to 97.08% and the average of the material experts was 95.00%. Furthermore, for the small group trial, 3 PJOK teachers got an average score of 92.16% and the value of 12 VIII grade students averaged 94.44%. As for the large group test on 4 PJOK teachers obtained an average of 93.75% and the value of 34 VIII grade students averaged 96.74%. So it is concluded that the product development of a PBL-based learning model for long jump hanging style material for class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Nganjuk is declared very feasible to use.

At several levels of education, particularly at SMP Dewantara in Bekasi Regency, students continue to face difficulties in achieving satisfactory learning outcomes in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject. The predominantly lecture-based teaching style in class IX.A has not been effective in encouraging active student participation, resulting in low mastery of the subject matter. The aim of this study is to improve learning outcomes by integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model into PAI instruction. This study involved 12 students from class IX.A as subjects and was conducted over two cycles using a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) strategy. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively through observations, tests, and interviews. Based on the collected data, students' average scores increased significantly from 76.67 before the intervention to 98.33 in the second cycle. Learning mastery also improved from 58% to 100%. By creating a more dynamic, collaborative, and real-world-relevant learning environment, the PBL approach proved effective in helping students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

Early childhood education plays an important role in the formation of children's personality and development. This study aims to identify the application of transformational leadership in Early Childhood Education institutions to welcome 21st century education. The important key in creating an innovative, adaptive and creative learning environment lies in the transformational leadership style so as to increase children's potential to the fullest. The method used in this research is a literature review, by analyzing various relevant literature sources to assess the impact and importance of transformational leadership in the world of early childhood education. Transformational leadership has enormous potential, so the results of this study can help realize a generation that is not only intellectually intelligent, but also socially and emotionally developed, in accordance with the demands of an ever-evolving world.  

This research investigates the factors contributing to low understanding of environmental degradation among sixth-grade students at SDN 12 Padang Koto Gadang. The study aims to identify internal and external factors affecting students' comprehension of environmental issues within the IPAS (Natural and Social Sciences) curriculum. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews with the class teacher, classroom observations, and document analysis of lesson plans and student assessment records. The findings reveal that internal factors include low learning motivation, where students perceive environmental materials as mere memorization tasks, and a significant mismatch between students' kinesthetic-visual learning styles (78%) and the predominantly auditory-lecture teaching methods. External factors encompass conventional teaching approaches dominating 85% of classroom time, limited technological infrastructure, and insufficient interactive learning resources. A paradoxical finding shows that while 70% of students claim environmental concern, only 23% consistently practice eco-friendly behaviors, indicating a substantial gap between cognitive knowledge and behavioral application. The study recommends implementing a hybrid learning model combining Problem-Based Learning with local contexts, utilizing simple nature-based media, and establishing strategic community partnerships. These findings contribute to developing more adaptive and contextual teaching methods aligned with Merdeka Curriculum principles for elementary environmental education.

This research was studied in order to describe how the influence of learning types consisting of visual, audiotorial, and kinesthetic learning types on the learning achievement of young students in Bukittinggi. How to collect data in research through questionnaires and documentation. Shiva who is 15-18 years old is the population in this study. There were 100 participants in this study who were selected through the cluster random sampling technique. This hypothesis was tested through linear regression analysis with a gain of 0.07. The results of this study indicate that there is a significant influence between each learning style, namely visual, audiotorial, and kinesthetic learning styles on student learning outcomes in Bukittinggi. This is indicated by the results of the visual learning style determination test with a percentage of 21.37%, 54.70% auditory learning style, and 23.93% kinesthetic learning style.

Differentiated learning is an approach that adapts the learning process to the needs, interests, and abilities of each student so that they can learn optimally according to their own style and pace. This approach aims to create a more meaningful learning experience, allowing each student to develop their potential to the fullest, and building an inclusive and equitable environment where all learners have the same opportunity to thrive. With a more dynamic learning atmosphere, students feel valued and supported in their academic journey. To implement differentiated learning effectively, teachers must have the skills to identify individual student needs, design flexible learning strategies, and create teaching materials that can be accessed and understood by all students. With this approach, the effectiveness of learning increases, while encouraging students to be more active, confident, and independent in exploring knowledge.

Plagiarism remains a critical challenge in academia, including in religious-based educational institutions like Islamic boarding schools (pondok pesantren). This Community Service Program (PKM) aimed to enhance students' awareness and skills in avoiding plagiarism through scientific writing ethics training at Miftahul Khaer Islamic Boarding School. The method employed capacity building via interactive workshops covering plagiarism definitions, types, impacts, citation techniques (APA Style), paraphrasing, and plagiarism detection tools (e.g., Turnitin). Post-training evaluations revealed significant improvements: participants’ understanding of plagiarism rose from 14.3% to 74.3%, with average comprehension scores increasing from 2.97 to 4.76. Knowledge of plagiarism types achieved an average score of 4.51, though technical proficiency with detection tools remained lower (score: 3.14). Despite internet connectivity limitations, printed learning materials ensured training effectiveness. The initiative successfully fostered an ethical academic culture, with recommendations for sustained programs integrating practical case studies, digital tools, and curriculum integration to strengthen academic integrity in the pesantren environment.

Education is one of the key aspects in developing high-quality human resources. Along with the advancement of time, teachers are expected to create effective learning media in the teaching and learning process. Learning media should also be adapted to students’ learning styles, such as visual, auditory, and kinesthetic.The purpose of this study is to develop and test the feasibility, practicality, and effectiveness of an IPS (Social Studies) magazine as a learning medium for Grade VIII students at SMPN 3 Kedungwaru Tulungagung. This research is a development study using the ADDIE R&D model. Data were collected through interviews, needs and learner characteristic analysis, feasibility and practicality questionnaires, as well as pretest and posttest results.The findings of this study show that the IPS magazine is highly feasible, with a feasibility percentage of 89.91% from material experts and 91.18% from media experts. The practicality results based on teacher questionnaires reached 94.87%, and student responses reached 88.62%, indicating that the IPS magazine is highly practical. The effectiveness of the media was proven through the Paired Sample Test, which showed a significance value of 0.000 < 0.05, indicating a difference in results before and after using the IPS magazine. Therefore, the IPS magazine is considered effective for use in the learning process.

Learning styles play an important role in influencing how students receive learning provided by teachers. This study aims to identify students' learning styles during the learning process at the elementary school level. Using a qualitative approach, this study describes and explains the variations in students' learning styles. The results of the study showed that students in grade IV of SDN 19 Nan Sabaris have various learning styles, where 21.43% of students discuss auditory learning styles, 64.29% visual learning styles, and 11.29% kinesthetic learning styles. From these results, it can be concluded that the most dominant learning style is the visual learning style, which shows that students find it easier to understand learning materials through what they see compared to what they hear. Therefore, it is important for teachers to understand students' learning styles in order to determine the right strategies and media in learning activities. In addition, parents are also expected to be able to create a conducive learning environment according to the needs of their children, so that the learning process becomes more effective.

This study investigates the role of adaptive leadership in addressing the complex challenges posed by rapid technological advancements, particularly in the era of Society 5.0. The integration of artificial intelligence (AI) into organizational systems introduces not only opportunities for efficiency and innovation but also ethical and leadership dilemmas. Using a literature review methodology, this paper examines how adaptive leadership can support organizations in navigating digital transformation while maintaining ethical integrity and organizational effectiveness. The findings indicate that adaptive leadership—characterized by responsiveness, inclusivity, and value-driven decision-making—is essential for sustaining organizational resilience. Furthermore, the study emphasizes the need for leaders to foster a learning-oriented culture, manage ethical concerns in AI deployment, and apply flexible leadership styles that empower employees. This paper contributes to the growing discourse on ethical digital leadership and offers insights for organizational sustainability in the context of technological disruption.    

This study aims to determine the effect of lecturers' teaching styles on student achievement at Stella Maris University, Sumba. The research method used is quantitative with a survey approach through questionnaires and observations. Lecturers' teaching styles are categorized into four types, namely facilitator, demonstrator, delegator, and authoritarian styles. The results of the observation show that the facilitator style is the most dominant style used (45%), followed by demonstrator (35%), delegator (15%), and authoritarian (5%). Data analysis using simple linear regression shows an R Square value of 0.468, which means that the lecturer's teaching style explains 46.8% of the variation in student achievement. In addition, a significance value of 0.000 (<0.05) is obtained, which indicates that there is a significant influence between the lecturer's teaching style and student achievement. This finding confirms that the application of the right and participatory teaching style can improve student learning outcomes.

In the learning process in Elementary Schools (SD), the use of audio media is one of the innovative approaches that can increase the efficiency and interactivity of learning. The purpose of this article is to thoroughly study the use of audio media as an interactive learning tool in SD. This review includes ways to implement it, the benefits obtained, and the problems and solutions that arise when implementing it. The discussion method is carried out by conducting literature research and analyzing learning practices applied in several elementary schools. Audio media, such as podcasts, educational songs, audiobooks, and sound recordings, can increase student engagement, strengthen their understanding of the material, and support auditory learning styles. In addition, this media can be used in various fields of education, especially English, Indonesian, and Religious Education. However, there are still several problems that hinder the use of audio media. These include limited facilities, lack of teacher instruction, and student readiness to listen actively. As a result, the right approach is needed. These strategies include creating interesting audio content, incorporating it into learning activities, and improving teachers' ability to utilize educational technology. Audio media can help elementary school students get a fun and meaningful learning experience if used in a targeted and creative way.

This study aims to analyze the level of understanding of the division concept among third-grade elementary school students. Understanding division is a fundamental component in mathematics learning, serving as a basis for more complex numerical operations in higher grades. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method involving 5 students from an elementary school in. Data were collected through diagnostic tests, interviews, and observations. The findings revealed that most students still struggle to grasp the concept of division, particularly in understanding it as a grouping process and as repeated subtraction. Factors influencing students' comprehension include limited use of varied teaching methods, insufficient application of concrete learning media, and differences in students' learning styles. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for teachers in designing more effective and contextual learning strategies to enhance students’ understanding of the division concept at the elementary level.

The transformation of digital leadership in education has become an urgent necessity amid rapid technological advancements and shifting social paradigms. This study aims to identify multiplying factors in digital leadership, examine strategies for accelerating transformation, and integrate Biblical leadership values within the digital context. Using a qualitative-descriptive approach through literature review, the paper finds that transformational leadership styles, distributed leadership, human resource digital competencies, innovation culture, technological infrastructure, and data-driven decision-making play crucial roles in enhancing digital leadership transformation. Moreover, values such as humility, wisdom, integrity, and love, as taught in the Bible, provide a strong moral foundation for leadership in the digital era. The study recommends capacity building for leaders, the development of learning communities, supportive policies, and the integration of ethical-spiritual values as key drivers for successful leadership transformation in education.

This research is Classroom Action Research (PTK) which aims to increase student learning motivation by using a differentiated learning approach in class XI SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan. The problem faced is students' low enthusiasm for learning, such as not being active during lessons, being lazy about doing assignments, and unsatisfactory learning results. Differentiated learning is chosen because it can adapt to students' differences in abilities, interests and learning styles. The research was conducted in two cycles. The research subjects were 29 students of class XI Phase F-3. Data was collected through observation, learning motivation questionnaires, and documentation, then analyzed. The research results show that the differentiated learning approach can increase students' learning motivation. Students become more enthusiastic, active and responsible in learning. Thus, this approach has proven effective in increasing learning motivation in class XI SMA Negeri 2 Rantau Selatan.    

The world of education has undergone a major shift as a result of advances in information and communication technology. This study compares conventional and digital learning methods for distance learning (PJJ) across the board, with the aim of finding out what is effective, what is not effective, and how the two methods affect student learning outcomes and experiences. Conventional learning, which relies on direct interaction between teachers and students, emphasizes elements such as giving feedback, easy to do, structured, and routine. It has the advantage of being able to facilitate direct interpersonal communication, provide intensive supervision and guidance, and create a competitive learning environment. However, this method has some limitations, especially in terms of time and space flexibility. It is also not able to meet the learning needs of individuals in large groups. On the other hand, digital learning offers greater flexibility, access to a wide range of educational resources, and increased interactivity through the use of online collaboration tools, e-learning platforms, and video conferencing. The use of technology allows learning content to be presented in a systematic, structured and engaging manner, increasing student motivation and participation. In addition, it allows materials to be tailored to each student's learning style and conditions, and supports collaborative and independent learning. Challenges include the possibility of misuse of technology, limited access in some areas, lack of direct social interaction, and reliance on digital infrastructure and capabilities. The research results indicate that digital learning generally enhances student learning outcomes more significantly compared to conventional learning, especially in terms of distance learning (PJJ). Digital strategies such as structured instructional design, integration of practical experiences, motivational support, and time management have been shown to improve student interaction, understanding, and independence. However, digital and conventional learning methods can complement each other to achieve optimal effectiveness. The application of these strategies not only boosts students' academic performance but also equips them with the essential skills to tackle future challenges. 

This study aims to examine the importance of using cultural language as a communication style for students in the digital era at MTsN 1 Kota Serang. The rapid development of digital technology affects the way they communicate, including among students. The use of language that is not in accordance with cultural rules is often found in online interactions, which has the potential to damage cultural values and social norms. Therefore, it is important to instill an understanding of the importance of cultural language as part of students' identity and character. This study uses a qualitative approach with interview and observation methods to explore the views of students, teachers, and parents regarding the application of cultural language in digital communication. The results of the study show that although students are accustomed to using digital technology, they still need to be given a deeper understanding of the use of language that is in accordance with local culture and applicable norms. It is hoped that the results of this study can be the basis for designing a cultural language education program in the curriculum, as well as increasing students' awareness of the importance of communicating politely and ethically in the digital world. This study also provides recommendations for schools in facilitating cultural language learning as part of student character formation.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in developing adaptive learning strategies within the context of Islamic education in the Merdeka Belajar era. Adaptive learning, which considers students' differing characteristics, needs, and learning styles, is considered essential for enhancing the quality of Islamic education. Using a literature review approach, this research examines various literatures related to the implementation of adaptive learning strategies, teacher competencies, and their implications on student learning outcomes and character development. The findings show that the pedagogical, social, professional, and personal competencies of teachers are crucial to the success of adaptive learning. The application of this strategy also leads to increased motivation, active participation, and the development of students' character and spirituality in Islamic education. Adaptive learning creates an inclusive, responsive environment that focuses on students' needs, which in turn improves the overall quality of education.