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This research examines Bogor Palace as an architectural text that represents a fusion of European and tropical styles through a semiotic approach. Bogor Palace is not only a symbol of Dutch colonial power but also reflects the adaptation of Indonesian culture and tropical environment. This research aims to reveal the meanings and symbols contained in the architectural elements of Bogor Palace, such as symmetrical facades, tall pillars, large windows, cross ventilation, and steep roofs. Using semiotic methods, this research analyzes how these elements function as signs that represent aesthetic, historical and ecological values. The results show that the European architectural style of Bogor Palace, reflected through classical structures such as pillars and decorative ornaments, symbolizes the status of power and the influence of colonial culture. On the other hand, tropical elements such as cross ventilation, spacious terraces, and steep roofs represent adaptation to local environmental conditions, while symbolizing harmony between humans and nature. The symbolism in this design not only serves to fulfill functional needs, but also creates a visual narrative that reflects the dialog between foreign and local cultures. The study concludes that Bogor Palace is an artifact rich in semiotic meaning, where each architectural element contains messages about history, culture and ecological adaptation. This research contributes to the study of colonial architecture, particularly in understanding how historic buildings can be interpreted as sign systems that represent cultural and environmental complexities.

The mandate of the introduction of human rights and freedom as a human being has been stated in the opening of the 1945 Constitution (UUD 1945) with 4 (four) paragraphs that lead humans and their nation to humanity, a justice that is independent, united, sovereign, just and prosperous and is based on the development of the nation's ideals in the crystallization of Pancasila. The constitution is like the 'Spirit of the state' that lives to grow, develop, and direct the 'Physical state' towards the paradigm, understanding and actualization of axiology in everyday life. The reason is, the state is said to be perfect if its physicality is filled with spirit in the rules of harmony, harmony and balance. Thus, all of this is needed to be a name "State of Law". The state of law gives birth to basic concepts, namely the supremacy of law that is just, limitations of power, and guarantees of universal empowerment of human rights (HAM). The rule of law upholds the supremacy of the welfare concept of the rule of law that all people have the same position in the eyes of the law (equality before the law), so equality and social balance in fulfilling universal and fundamental rights in the case of people with disabilities must be positioned in a position, role and potential that legitimizes, justifies and confirms their condition as humans (living of human), not as objects or objects (inanimate).

Administrative Decisions (KTUN) are one of the important legal instruments issued by state administrative officials to carry out government functions. However, it is often found that KTUNs are legally defective due to violations of the principle of legality, general principles of good governance (AUPB), or applicable administrative procedures, which lead to their annulment by the State Administrative Court (PTUN). This study aims to analyze the legal basis and the form of legal responsibility in the administration of State Administrative Decisions (KTUN) that have been annulled. This research uses a juridical-normative method with an approach based on laws and regulations and legal doctrines. The study shows that the annulment of KTUNs by PTUN is usually caused by procedural and substantive violations, such as issuing decisions beyond authority or not meeting formal requirements. In the context of legal responsibility, the agency issuing the KTUN is obligated to retract the decision, restore the rights of the affected parties, and issue a new decision that complies with the law. Furthermore, the officials at fault may be subject to administrative sanctions, ranging from a warning to dismissal, depending on the severity of the error. State administrative officials whose KTUNs have been annulled must fulfill their legal responsibility by revoking or correcting the KTUN, restoring the rights of the affected parties, providing compensation, and implementing administrative sanctions if necessary. Additionally, criminal liability may apply if there is an element of abuse of power. This finding underscores the importance of compliance with the principles of AUPB and positive law in every administrative action to prevent harm to society.

The word mission is derived from Misio Dei, meaning that the Triune God plays a role in it, God the Father, the Son, and the Holy Spirit. Understanding the role of the Triune God in Misio Dei will help a strong mission movement in the church. The church is the channel of God's mission to proclaim the good news that the Kingdom of God has come. The church is responsible for carrying out God's mission so that the mission movement remains sustainable. The younger generation is the only successor to the mission movement in the church, therefore it is necessary to discover the obstacles in the mission movement in the younger generation so that the church continues carrying on the mission. JKI Injil Kerajaan Church is one of the churches whose mission is to build a generation of disciple leaders who are pleasing to God and impact others. The younger generation at the JKI IK Church has not become missionaries since 2020. The factor that influenced the decline in missionaries at the JKI IK Church was the existence of an identity crisis. This self-identity crisis can be addressed by strengthening the relationship with the Holy Spirit. In addition, we must learn from the expansion of the early church where the supporting factors for the expansion of the early church were the renewing power of the Gospel, fruitful and reaping evangelistic motivation, context-appropriate service variations, conducive geo-political factors and recruiting workers for the expansion of church missions.

Direct Cash Transfer (BLT) is one of the Indonesian government's initiatives that aims to provide direct financial support to the community, especially vulnerable groups, in the face of difficult economic conditions. BLT functions as a social safety net to fulfill basic needs and reduce economic burden during times of crisis, such as during the COVID-19 pandemic. Through this research, the author analyzes the role of BLT in strengthening the social security system in Indonesia. This research uses an interview-based qualitative approach and literature study, which provides in-depth insights into the effectiveness of BLT in improving the welfare of vulnerable communities. The results show that BLT not only helps fulfill basic needs, but also increases purchasing power and social resilience. However, improvements in the distribution and supervision of the program are still needed so that its impact can be optimal and sustainable.  

This study aims to analyze the intuitive thinking skills of junior high school students in solving geometric problems based on their learning styles: visual, auditory, and kinesthetic. The research employed a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. Data were collected through a learning style questionnaire to categorize students, problem-solving tests on geometric shapes, and in-depth interviews to explore students' intuitive thinking abilities. The findings indicate that students with a visual learning style exhibit stronger intuitive thinking skills compared to those with auditory and kinesthetic learning styles. Visual learners provided clear and well-structured answers aligned with intuitive thinking indicators such as Catalytic Inference, Power of Synthesis, and Common Sense. Conversely, auditory learners tended to give less detailed answers, although they could identify relevant information. Kinesthetic learners offered brief and less detailed responses, particularly in specifying measurements and units in their calculations. These findings underscore the importance of understanding students' diverse learning styles to optimize mathematics teaching strategies, particularly in enhancing problem-solving skills and intuitive thinking.

Besides being a primary source of protein, fish play a role in the economy of coastal communities and consumption culture in Indonesia. The main issue that needs to be addressed is the lack of public understanding, especially among students, about choosing fresh and high-quality fish. The public does not have adequate knowledge about the sensory quality of fish, such as texture, smell, and color, which are the main indicators of freshness. As a result, consuming low-quality fish can impact health and reduce the nutritional value received. This activity aims to develop students' ability to identify fresh fish based on sensory quality. The approach was carried out through education using PowerPoint media that presents the material visually and interactively. The material includes the characteristics of fresh fish, the importance of choosing quality fish, and a sensory observation guide. The pre-activity test results indicate that the majority of students have minimal understanding in identifying fresh fish. After the presentation of the material, the results indicated an improvement ranging from 5.0 to 68.42%. Students provided positive feedback on the visualizations used in the presentation. This activity successfully raised students' awareness about the importance of the sensory quality of fresh fish for health and daily life.

The history of the spread of Christianity in Indonesia cannot be separated from the role of missionaries who came during the colonial period. This research aims to explore the role of missionaries in the spread of Christianity in Indonesia and its impact on social, educational and political changes in the country. Missionaries, both Catholic and Protestant, played a dual role in this process: on the one hand, they sought to spread Christianity; on the other hand, they also functioned as colonial agents that strengthened colonial power. In this context, the Christianization process is often seen as part of a colonial strategy to maintain dominance over local communities. The social impact of the spread of Christianity was significant, especially in shaping new social structures. Missionaries introduced a formal education system that gave access to communities that were previously unreached by education, such as in the Minahasa and Tapanuli regions. The education provided by missionaries covered basic learning, including reading, writing and arithmetic, which became an important foundation for the development of Indonesian society. However, the spread of Christianity also led to social tensions and conflicts, especially in areas where the majority of the population is Muslim. These tensions, according to some observers, were the result of the close relationship between Christianity and colonial rule. These conflicts still continue today.

Maintenance of 20 kV cubicles at PT. Haleyora Powerindo is a crucial step in ensuring the reliability and safety of the electrical distribution system. This process includes preparation stages such as inspecting work equipment, coordinating power outages, and utilizing safety equipment (PPE) to minimize the risk of accidents. Subsequent steps involve voltage disconnection, verifying zero voltage using detection tools, cleaning components with specialized fluids, and drying to ensure that moisture does not cause disruptions. Once all stages are completed, the voltage is carefully reactivated, and a maintenance report is prepared to document the process. This study employs direct observation, interviews, and document analysis to evaluate the maintenance implementation and provide recommendations for quality improvement. The results are expected to serve as a guide for other companies in enhancing the efficiency and reliability of 20 kV cubicle maintenance to ensure a stable electricity supply.    

Not everyone is able to understand the messages in the Al-Quran. So in an effort to understand it, fashal is an important part that must be studied to avoid confusion in the meaning of the verses of the Koran that are addressed to humans. Fashal is usually used to separate sentences that have various forms. The aim of this research is to describe the meaning of fashal, explain the division of various types of fashal and the function of fashal, and analyze the form of fashal in Q.S Al-Mulk verse 19. The method used in this research is a qualitative method with a library research approach. The data sources used in this research include primary and secondary data sources originating from books and journals as a relevant basis. The analysis used in this research is descriptive analysis which provides a broader explanation and is in a form that is easy to understand.

This research discusses the communication strategy between sellers and buyers on social media as part of an effective marketing strategy. Social media has become a key platform in modern marketing due to its ability to create direct interaction and build relationships between sellers and buyers. The communication strategies applied include the use of relevant content, personal approach, quick response, and utilization of interactive features of social media. The results show that effective communication can increase customer engagement, build trust, expand market reach, and drive increased sales. However, there are challenges in maintaining communication consistency and facing increasing competition in the digital world. Therefore, an innovative and customer-focused approach is required to achieve success in marketing through social media. Communication strategies between sellers and buyers on social media play an important role in supporting the success of marketing strategies in the digital age. Social media has evolved into a major platform for direct interaction between sellers and buyers, offering ease of access, wide reach, and cost-effectiveness compared to traditional marketing methods. This research explores the various communication strategies used by sellers to build relationships with buyers, including the use of relevant and engaging content, a data-driven personalized approach, and prompt responses to customer needs and questions. This research concludes that an effective communication strategy on social media serves not only as a promotional tool, but also as a means to build long-term relationships between sellers and buyers. With the right approach, social media can be a powerful platform to support marketing success, increase customer satisfaction, and achieve overall business goals.

Before the arrival of Islam, Andalusia, which is now part of Spain, experienced various phases of power and conflict. The region was originally under the control of the Roman Empire and was known as Iberia. . After the Roman period, the Vandals controlled the region, so it became known as Vandalusia. This study aims to analyze the history of the entry of Islam in Andalusia. The research method used is library research where data sources are obtained from books, articles, journals and other readings. With this research, it can produce knowledge about the process of Islamic entry in Andalusia.

This study concentrates on the design and construction of a laboratory-scale centrifuge for the separation of gum from crude palm oil (CPO). The extraction of gum from CPO is essential in the palm oil sector to guarantee that the finished product adheres to quality standards and is safe for consumption. We engineered the prototype centrifuge to accommodate six 600-mL bottles and achieve a maximum rotational speed of 1400 rpm. The design procedure utilised Autodesk Inventor software for CAD modelling and computations to ascertain the centrifugal force, power capacity, and shaft diameter. The process of manufacturing entailed cutting and shaping stainless steel into the necessary components, subsequently followed by drilling and milling operations for mounting points and interfaces. We implemented surface treatment to augment corrosion resistance and elevate visual appeal. The assembling procedure encompassed component integration, motor incorporation, and control system configuration. The experimental configuration involved centrifugal testing utilising 600-mL glass bottles with time intervals of 10, 20, 30, and 40 minutes at an average rotational speed of 924 rpm. The experiment showed that the centrifuge worked well to separate the gum and other contaminants from the CPO. The best separation happened after 40 minutes of centrifugation.

Canoeing is one of the sports where the primary equipment is water and paddles. The sport of canoeing can be classified as both recreational and competitive. Canoeing requires good physical condition. Some components of physical fitness include: strength, endurance, power, and flexibility. The aim of this study is to assess the physical condition of the canoeing athletes from East Java Province. This research uses a descriptive quantitative research method with an ex-post approach. The sample used in this study consisted of 12 canoeing athletes from East Java Province. The results of the physical condition of the canoeing athletes from East Java Province show that the majority of the athletes fall under the 'good' category from the 12 paddlers who participated in the 9 tests given. The analysis of the physical condition of East Java’s canoeing athletes based on the following tests is as follows: in the sit-up test, 33% were good, 50% were poor, and 17% were very poor; in the chin-up test, 100% were good, 0% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the 1 hand grip (right and left) test, 100% were good, 0% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the 3 RM bench pull (1.3xBB) test, 100% were good, 0% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the single leg right test, 100% were good, 0% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the single leg left test, 83% were good, 17% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the 3 RM bench press test, 75% were good, 25% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the 100 m ergo test, 25% were good, 75% were poor, and 0% were very poor; in the 2000 m ergo test, 42% were good, 42% were poor, and 16% were very poor; in the sit and reach test, 75% were good, 9% were poor, and 16% were very poor. This study highlights the importance of proper management of physical condition in canoeing athletes to improve their performance. The practical implications of this research can assist coaches and fitness staff in designing training programs that meet the specific needs of the athletes.

SMK Negeri 1 Cilegon implements the Teaching Factory program to improve students' skills through industry-based learning. This program connects theory with real practice, providing hands-on experience in manufacturing products according to industry standards. Collaboration with PT Indonesia Power enriches students' learning, which has an impact on improving their technical skills and work readiness. However, limited facilities are a major challenge. Nevertheless, this program has succeeded in increasing students' academic scores by 80%-90% and facilitating the absorption of graduates in the workforce.

Electrical energy is a vital element in daily life, supporting nearly all equipment used. One of the main components in the electrical distribution system is the 20 kV cubicle. This cubicle plays an essential role in controlling power flow, protecting the system from faults, measuring electrical parameters, and enabling remote monitoring and control. Additionally, the cubicle functions to maintain the stability, reliability, and efficiency of power flow to load centers. However, various technical issues, such as short-circuit faults, protection system failures, and corona phenomena caused by high humidity, often threaten its performance. This study aims to evaluate and optimize the design and operation of 20 kV cubicles in electrical distribution systems. The research focuses on analyzing technical factors that affect energy efficiency and system reliability, as well as identifying challenges in implementation, such as installation and maintenance issues. The research methods include literature reviews, interviews, and field observations. The results indicate that modular designs, high-quality insulating materials, and modern technologies such as Intelligent Electronic Devices (IEDs) and Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition (SCADA) enhance system efficiency and reliability. It is recommended that cubicle designs be adapted to the load capacity and routine maintenance be performed to maintain efficiency and extend equipment lifespan.

This study aimed to determine the mediating role of participatory leadership in organizationalimmunity by examining its application in Kerbala Cement Company. To accomplish this, the aspectsof organizational innovation (product innovation, process innovation, and administrative innovation)were chosen above organizational immunity in its dimensions (organizational learning, memory, andDNA). Participatory leadership strengthens this relationship in its dimensions (delegation of powers,participation in decision-making, participation in information, and human relations). A random sampleof employees in Kerbala Cement Company was selected as a field of research through a questionnairethat included (128) individuals. The significance of the correlation between the two variables wasassessed using the (t) test, the regression model's significance was assessed using the (F) test, and thesimple correlation coefficient (Person) was used. The relative quantity the independent variablecontributes to explaining the dependent variable as a percentage was also determined using (R 2 ). Theresearcher's most notable conclusion is that participatory leadership serves as a mediating factor in thesubstantial impact of organizational innovation on organizational immunity. The research concludedwith several recommendations, including focusing on organizational innovation by Kerbala CementCompany because it is an important factor in its work in general and in organizational immunity inparticular.

This study explores the perspectives of literature students on utilizing ChatGPT, an AI-powered tool, in creative writing. Focusing on 30 English literature students from Universitas Negeri Medan, the research examines the effectiveness of ChatGPT in fostering creativity, its perceived benefits and challenges, and its role in the writing process. Data were collected via questionnaires and analyzed thematically. The findings reveal that ChatGPT significantly enhances creativity, with students rating it highly for its ability to inspire ideas and improve the writing process. The tool was praised for accelerating the writing process and improving writing confidence. However, challenges such as the need for revisions and limitations in contextual understanding were also noted. Despite these drawbacks, the overall sentiment remained positive, with many participants feeling that the benefits of using ChatGPT outweighed its limitations. This study underscores ChatGPT’s potential as a valuable tool in literary education, supporting students' creative autonomy and enriching their writing experiences. This is evidenced by data highlighting the effectiveness of ChatGPT in speeding up the writing process (60%), increasing creativity (46.67%), and increasing confidence in writing (40%), despite challenges such as unmet expectations (46.67%) and requires a lot for revision (33.33%).    

Foot and mouth disease (FMD) is a viral infection caused by the Genus Aphthovirus (Family Picornaviridae) that affects cloven-hoofed animals. This sickness affects the economic, social, and cultural spheres. Indonesia has been free from Foot-and-Mouth Disease since its proclamation in 1986, a status confirmed by the World Animal Health Organization in 1990. The resurgence of Foot-and-Mouth Disease (FMD) in animals in Indonesia occurred on 25 June 2022, as per the Decree of the Minister of Agriculture (Kepmentan) of the Republic of Indonesia No. 500.1/KPTS/PK/300/M/06/2022. Although Rotnama Village in Southwest Maluku Regency has not been designated as an epidemic location per the Minister of Agriculture's Decree, it is imperative to educate inhabitants about this disease to avert broader dissemination. Education is also offered to underscore that FMD is not transmissible from animals to humans. Instruction on FMD and the protocols for processing meat from FMD-infected animals is conducted via PowerPoint presentations, leaflet distribution, and poster displays. Participants exhibited considerable enthusiasm for the socialization activities, with attendance above expectations, and they also provided positive feedback regarding the events. This activity enhanced public knowledge through the participation of three individuals who accurately responded to each question posed during the interactive quiz session at the conclusion of the event. Subsequent to the outreach, residents will be informed on the proper processes for processing meat from animals afflicted with FMD, ensuring its safety for human consumption and mitigating the risk of transmission to other susceptible animals..

Nutritional problems in school children include malnutrition and overnutrition due to lack of education, so there needs to be education on the contents of my plate related to balanced nutrition. One of the program efforts that can be implemented by the government so that people live healthy and well-nourished is by providing education on the "Isi Piringku" movement. An effective way to increase knowledge of balanced nutrition so that students can apply a healthy diet. Objective: This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of education on the media Power Point, Leaflets, Videos on the Contents of My Plate on Increasing Knowledge of Balanced Nutrition at SMP Negeri 7 Nabire. Method: Using a Pre Experiment Design research design with a One Group Pretest-Posttest Design approach. The sample in this study amounted to 54 students using the types of media Power Point, Leaflets, Videos which were divided into 3 experimental groups. Results: there is an effect of providing education on the Contents of My Plate on increasing knowledge of Balanced Nutrition through Power Point, Leaflet, Video media through a TestPaired Samples Testone of them is Video media (P = 0.000) on Students at SMPN 7. Conclusion: that educational media assistance Power Point, Leaflet, Video, can influence to increase knowledge of Students at SMP Negeri 7 Nabire. Suggestion: For further research can continue the research by developing Power Point media, Leaflet, Video and other educational media.