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At first, the Khawarij emerged on the scene of kalam thought from a political point of view, as they disagreed with Ali bin Abi Talib and Mu'awiyah bin Abi Sufyan's approach to resolving Muslim disputes by arbitration (tahkim). However, later kalam thought developed in a theological direction. The Khawarij argued that resolving Muslim conflicts through tahkim violated God's law and was a great sin, so the blood of those who did tahkim was halal. Their attitudes and behavior were influenced by Khawarij teachings, including the issue of the position of caliph, mu'amalah among non-Khawarij Muslims, and zuhud and worship. In addition to beliefs such as understanding the nature of faith and tawhid, Allah's promises and threats, the Qur'an is a creature, and takwil and qiyas are also the basis of their actions. Historically, Khawarij split into various sects such as Azariqah, Shufriyah and Ibadhiyah. This paper will discuss the historical issues of the emergence of Khawarij, teachings and sects in Khawarij.  

The Covid-19 pandemic has disrupted healthcare systems worldwide, and one of the affected healthcare services is the immunization program. People are hesitant to undergo immunization due to the fear of contracting Covid-19 when visiting healthcare facilities. Midwives have duties and authority in providing healthcare services, including complete basic immunization. This study aims to determine the relationship between the knowledge and attitudes of midwives and the performance of complete basic immunization services. This is a quantitative study with a cross-sectional approach conducted offline at the Ciamis and Cijeungjing Community Health Centers. The study involved 47 midwife respondents. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between midwives' attitudes (0.000) and the performance of complete basic immunization, but knowledge is not significantly related to the performance of complete basic immunization services.

Stunting is a chronic nutritional problem caused by lack of nutritional intake over a long period of time, generally caused by food intake that does not meet nutritional needs, causing stunted growth in children. In other words, the child's height by that standard is less. Therefore, stunting can lead to an increased risk of illness, death, suboptimal brain development, and decreased mental development. One of the factors that can cause children to experience stunting is lack of knowledge or errors in providing nutritious food needed by children. Objective: to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of mothers in efforts to handle stunting in children in the work area of the Cireunghas Health Center. Method: This research design uses a cross sectional approach. The sample size in this study was 69 people. The sampling technique used in this study is purposive sampling.  Data analysis using chi-square test. Result: Based on the results of the chi-square statistical test, the resulting P value is 0.000 < 0.05.  Conclusion: it can be concluded that there is a relationship between knowledge and mothers' attitudes in efforts to handle stunting in children in the Cireunghas Health Center Work Area. Suggestion: Further research is needed to look for other factors that influence the mother's level of knowledge and the relationship between these factors and the mother's level of knowledge.

The menstrual period is the initial door for young women to know about reproductive organs. One that steals attention is related to maintaining the outer feminine area known as vulva hygiene. The purpose of this study is to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes towards vulva hygiene behavior in adolescent girls in class X with the population is 90 people. This type of research is a correlation descriptive quantitative research. With the type design is a cross sectional. Bivariat analyze that using spearman – rank, with the result therea are correlation between knowladge level and attitude is ( p – value – 0,000) and nothing corellation beetween attitude with behaviour is ( p – value = 0, 114 ) . the cunclution is : there are correlation between knowladge level and attitude and nothing correlation between attitude with bevaviour vulva hygiene in adolescent girl durig menstruation in class X

This research aims to describe the framing of the 2024 presidential election news on tvonenews.com and explain the interpretation of the 2024 presidential election news on tvonenews.com. The research method uses descriptive analysis with Pan and Kosicki's framing analysis approach. The main data used comes from political news published in the media tvonenews.com in the period 14 November 2023-14 January 2024. Then the data was analyzed using Zhongdang Pan and Gerald M. Kosicki's framing analysis using four analytical structures, namely syntax, script, thematic , and rhetorical. To explain the interpretation of the news, the author uses Van Djik's critical discourse analysis with analysis of social cognition and social context. The results of the research show that Pan and Kosicki's framing analysis revealed that the news framing presented by tvonenews.com was unbalanced and in favor of one of the partners, which could influence people's attitudes and provide different interpretations in society.

Breast cancer can attack anyone, especially women, women's attitudes and awareness regarding breast health are still not well developed so that most cancer cases are found at an advanced stage, when early stage healing is very easy, and can be done at home. Just a few minutes, once a month, to do a breast self-examination. The research aims to determine the relationship between knowledge and attitudes of young women towards breast self-examination (BSE) at SMA Negeri 14 Medan City, North Sumatra Province in 2023. The conceptual framework used is based on dependent and independent variables. The research design is correlational. The research was conducted February 23-25 ​​on 88 respondents. The research data were analyzed manually and using frequency distribution tables. Based on attitudes, out of 35 (100%), the majority of young women have negative attitudes and do not carry out conscious examinations. namely 35 (67.3%) people and a minority of young women who have negative attitudes and have carried out self-breast examinations. 17 (32.7%) P value = 1.000. It can be concluded that there is no relationship between young women's attitudes towards breast self-examination (BSE). For young women, it is hoped that every young woman will be responsive to changes, or the presence of lumps and pain that are felt or arise in the breasts. For health institutions, it is hoped that they can provide counseling and information so that young women are motivated to be able to routinely carry out self-examination of their breasts and teach the techniques and appropriate time to do it.    

Dengue Fever (DBD) is an infectious disease caused by dengue virus of the genus Flavivirus, family Flaviviridae which can be transmitted through the bite of Aedesaegypti mosquitoes infected with dengue virus to humans. The purpose of the study was to determine the factors that influence the prevention of dengue fever in the Working Area of Puskesmas Aekkota Batu, North Labuhanbatu Regency. The research design used quantitative methods carried out analytical surveys with a Cross Sectional Study approach. The population in this study were all people in the Aekkota Batu Health Center Working Area consisting of 9 villages, namely 19,271 family heads. The sample used a Stratified Random Sampling system of 99 family heads. Data analysis used univariate, bivariate and multivariate analysis with logistic regressionThe results showed that there was an influence of knowledge, attitudes, the role of health workers, water reservoirs and the presence of garbage on the prevention of dengue fever in the Working Area of Puskesmas Aekkota Batu, North Labuhanbatu Regency. While the most dominant factor is knowledge p = 0.000 < 0.025 and 95% CI = 7,270-385,013 with OR = 52,907. This means that knowledge has 52 times the risk compared to other variables.The conclusion of this study is that knowledge, attitudes, the role of health workers, water reservoirs and the presence of garbage affect the prevention of dengue fever in the Aekkota Batu Health Center Working Area, North Labuhanbatu Regency. It is recommended to the Puskesmas Aekkota Batu to conduct routine flick checks every 3 months, carry out fogging and increase health promotion to the community on how to prevent DBD by implementing 3M plus in order to reduce the incidence of DBD.

accordance with their age. While the stunting data at Tarempa Health Center is 58 cases. The purpose of the study was to analyze the factors that influence the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Tarempa Health Center Working Area, Siantan District, Riau Islands. Anambas Islands Riau Islands. Design The research design used the Case Control method. The population in this study were all toddlers who experience stunting in the Tarempa Health Center Working Area, which is as many as 58 people. The sample in this study were toddlers who experienced stunting 58 people and 58 people were not stunted with the maching technique with a ratio of 1: 1. Analysis Data analysis used univariate analysis, bivariate with chi-square test and multivariate with logistic regression. The results of logistic regression research show that there is an influence of parenting patterns p = 0.017, exclusive breastfeeding history p = 0.000 and history of infectious diseases p = 0.005. While the dominant factor influencing the incidence of stunting in toddlers is the history of exclusive breastfeeding p = 0.003 <0.05, with Exp (B) = 11.041 and 95% CI = 3,610-33,768. The conclusion of this study is that there is an effect of parenting, exclusive breastfeeding history and history of infectious diseases, which does not affect knowledge, attitudes, feeding patterns and immunization status. The dominant factor, namely exclusive breastfeeding history, influences the incidence of stunting in toddlers in the Tarempa Health Center Working Area, Siantan District, Anambas Islands Regency, Riau Islands. It is suggested that the Tarempa Health Center can create interesting education for mothers, such as conducting workshops/ demonstrations on how to provide good and correct and nutritious food for their children, as well as how to process diverse and nutritious foods so that children get good nutritional intake.

The aim of this research is to explore theories of child sociological development, children's emotional abilities, factors that influence children's social-emotional development. This research is qualitative research with the type of library research. The findings from this research can be concluded: first, the characteristics of early childhood are as follows: (1) children have great curiosity, (2) children are unique, (3) children are rich in fantasy or imagination, (4) children have attitudes egocentric, (5) children have short concentration power. Second, there are four stages of children's social emotional development, namely: (1) development stage I from infancy to 2 years of age. The first stage is the baby's stage of learning about hope, (2) the second stage of development from 18 months to 4 years old. At this stage children will learn to face the conflict of independence vs shame, (3) stage III development from the age of 3 years to 6 years. In the third stage, children will learn to deal with emotions when the meaning is accepted or rejected, (4) stage IV development from the age of 5 and a half years to 12 years. This stage develops in school-age children. Here, children will learn how to compete in groups, developing 3 social skills. Third, social development factors can be influenced by: (1) family, (2) maturity, (3) socio-economic status, (4) education, (5) mental capacity: emotions and intelligence.

Perineal wounds are injuries to the urogenital diaphragm and anal muscle during vaginal delivery, either normal delivery or instrumental delivery. Knowledge is a very important domain for the formation of a person's attitudes and behavior. The aim of the research was to determine the relationship between maternal knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding perineal suture wound care and the healing time for perineal suture wounds. This type of quantitative research with a cross sectional design. The research was conducted in June-July 2023. The research population was postpartum mothers with perineal wounds in June-July 2023. The total was 30 people. The population in this study was 30 people. The sampling technique is the total sampling population. The research results obtained from 30 respondents showed that there were 22 mothers who had good knowledge (73.3%), 22 mothers who had a positive attitude (73.3%), 23 mothers who had good behavior (76%). .7%). The results of the Chi-Square analysis test for the knowledge category obtained a p value = 0.002 (p = <0.05), for the attitude category the p value = 0.002 < (0.05) while for behavior the p value = 0.001 < (0). .05). The conclusion is that there is a relationship between knowledge, attitudes and behavior regarding perineal wound care and the healing time for perineal wound sutures in the work area of the UPTD Campaka Community Health Center in 2023. The suggestion is that postpartum mothers should improve their behavior regarding wound care as an effort to speed up the healing of perineal wounds.

Mental health is a person's mental condition, mental health disorders can be prevented through preventive movements, including the distribution of public knowledge and awareness regarding mental health through campaigns. The UISM community held a campaign in collaboration with the beauty brand Maybelline regarding mental health. This research discusses the #BraveTogether Public Relations Campaign of the Mentally Healthy University of Indonesia community regarding changes in the mental health stigma of Indonesian teenagers. The aim of holding this mental health campaign activity is to find out the campaign activities implemented by the UISM community in changing the mental health stigma of Indonesian teenagers, to find out what communication channels are used to carry out #BraveTogether Public Relations Campaign activities, to find out the results obtained in the Public Relations Campaign #BraveTogether. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive research type, with interview data collection techniques. The results of the research show that the mentally healthy University of Indonesia community implemented the #BraveTogether public relations campaign, the mentally healthy University of Indonesia community in changing the mental health stigma of Indonesian teenagers, in carrying out its activities used the concept of a public relations campaign whose dimensions contained message content, message structure and audience response. Another thing used in this research is the theory of public relations campaign objectives which contains stages to make the target public think, determine attitudes and act in accordance with their wishes. The communication channels used were mass media, social media and face-to-face, the results obtained were to answer several research objectives to determine the mental health conditions of Indonesian teenagers and the enthusiasm of the people who participated in the #BraveTogether campaign activities.  

The Department of Population and Civil Registration is an agency engaged in the field of public services. Nowadays, many people are aware of the importance of civil registration of Indonesian citizens. Currently there are still many people who feel dissatisfied with the performance provided by employees to the community. This is due to problematic employee performance, such as employee attitudes that are less than friendly, employee performance that does not satisfy the public, and employees not completing their work on time. The aim of this research at the Tangerang City Population and Registration Service is to determine and analyze the performance of employees at the Tangerang City Population and Civil Registration Service. The method used in this research is a descriptive method with a qualitative approach. The results of this study indicate that the performance of employees at the Department of Population and Civil Registration is not optimal. In terms of quality indicators, employee performance still needs to be improved due to the mismatch between job placement and their abilities and skills. On the quantity of work indicator, it can be said that it is quite good because the work plan every year can be carried out properly. In terms of punctuality indicators, it still cannot be said to be optimal, because there are still employees being late in coming to work and employees not being on time in completing work. On the effectiveness indicator, it is quite good, because the facilities and systems in the office are adequate. The independence indicator is quite good, because there has been progress in the employee's initiative in carrying out their duties. In terms of work commitment indicators, the research results show that the responsibilities of employees are good, but there is still a lack of employee discipline when coming to work.    

This research is about the implementation of P5 (Strengthening the Profile of Pancasila Student Project) at MI Ikhlasiyah Palembang. This study is a field research with a qualitative descriptive approach. Data collection methods include interviews, observations, and documentation. Data analysis techniques involve data collection, data presentation, verification, and conclusion drawing. Based on the results and discussions, the implementation of P5 at MI Ikhlasiyah Palembang has been carried out well through various learning activities with the aim of strengthening the Pancasila student profile and increasing knowledge and application of Pancasila ideals for students. In its implementation, students will participate in social activities related to the Pancasila ideals and receive comprehensive understanding of the Pancasila principles. This implementation can also improve the attitudes and behaviors of children.

This paper investigates the integration of Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics (STEM) with Environmental Education (EE) and its impact on students' environmental attitudes and knowledge. The study involved 300 students who participated in a curriculum that merged STEM concepts with environmental issues. Findings showed improved environmental awareness and a more positive attitude toward conservation practices among students. The study highlights the importance of interdisciplinary approaches in fostering both scientific literacy and environmental responsibility.

Islamic education holds a strategic position in shaping students’ moral character and social attitudes within multicultural societies. However, Islamic educational curricula are frequently perceived as prioritizing normative-textual transmission and doctrinal compliance, leaving limited room for interfaith dialogue and the cultivation of inclusive dispositions. This study critically assesses Islamic educational curriculum orientations and examines how sharia-based moral pedagogy can foster interfaith tolerance among students. The study also responds to the limited empirical linkage between sharia moral education and measurable developments in tolerance, inclusivity, and dialogic competence in Islamic schooling contexts. Using a qualitative design with descriptive-critical analysis, the research draws on curriculum document analysis and classroom observations across several Islamic educational institutions. Data are analyzed thematically to identify how three key curricular dimensions-akhlak (ethical conduct), maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah (higher moral objectives), and Islamic civilization history-are embedded and enacted in teaching practices, as well as how these elements shape students’ attitudes toward religious difference. The results indicate that akhlak-centered learning supports empathy, mutual respect, and non-discriminatory behavior by framing morality as lived practice rather than abstract instruction. Integrating maqāṣid al-sharī‘ah strengthens students’ inclusive orientation by emphasizing public good, justice, and human dignity as guiding principles for social relations. Additionally, teaching Islamic civilization history-especially narratives of coexistence-enhances students’ awareness of interfaith engagement and positions dialogue as compatible with Islamic identity. A comparative analysis suggests that sharia-based moral pedagogy is more effective than normative-textual curricula in building tolerant and inclusive student dispositions, mainly because it enables reflective learning, contextual moral reasoning, and dialogic interaction.

This metaanalysis examines gender differences in science engagement and achievement across primary and secondary education levels. By synthesizing data from over 50 studies conducted in various educational settings, the research identifies patterns in attitudes, performance, and engagement between male and female students. The analysis reveals that gender disparities in science achievement are minimal; however, engagement and interest levels show significant variances, with implications for educational strategies aimed at fostering equal engagement in science.

This article examines the socio-legal impact of gender-based violence legislation on survivors and societal perceptions of justice. By evaluating the effectiveness of various legal protections and support systems for victims, the study assesses challenges such as enforcement, social stigma, and cultural attitudes. Findings suggest that while legal protections are essential, achieving gender justice requires broader social reforms to address deeply rooted biases and to empower survivors.

Sadananya District implements community-based tourism as an empowerment approach that involves and positions the community as an important actor in the context of a new development paradigm, namely sustainable development (Sustainable Development Paradigm). The purpose of community empowerment itself is basically to improve the knowledge, attitudes, and skills of each individual, so that they have the ability to work and strive independently in order to improve their quality of life. In addition, the purpose of empowerment is to increase the potential of the community to be able to improve the quality of life for all members of the community through self-help activities (Sutarto, 2007: 153). Primary data is obtained raw from the community and still requires further analysis. Qualitative research is to create systematic, factual and accurate observations regarding the facts or characteristics of a particular population or area. Based on the description of the research results and discussions that have been carried out, the researcher can draw conclusions, including development efforts in the Bendasari, Tanjungsari, and Gunungsari Tourism Villages which are carried out through: (a) Human resource development is carried out through training, discussions, and others. (b) Partnership with River Tubing, Taruna Karya, PLN, Resque, and parties engaged in tourism. (c) Village Government Activities, namely holding meetings, discussions, joint sports. (d) Promotion through social media, word of mouth, publications. (e) Festivals or competitions, namely bird singing competitions held at the Bukit Bubulak tourist attraction in Bendasari Village. (f) Fostering Community Organizations by inviting the community to participate in managing Tourism Villages. (e) Cooperation with Universities or colleges in Ciamis Regency and its surroundings.

This research aims to find out the parents' strategies in educating and developing children from early childhood to adulthood and the role of parents in balancing work and family or work life balance in daily life. The results of this study indicate that parents have several obstacles and factors in implementing the concept of work life balance, but have one strategy, namely authoritative parenting. Patterns that are combined between Authoritarian Parenting and Pessimistic Parenting. This can be seen from the 2 dimensions given, namely the Control and Warmth Dimensions, this process must also be carried out consistently and responsibly so that it is well implemented. The research uses qualitative methods with descriptive research types. With secondary data sources through national and international journal articles and using other sources such as online media, social media (youtube, instagram, facebook, and twitter). From the results mentioned, it can be concluded that work and personal life as well as the role of parents in educating children are the most important things in order to create a golden generation, where generations are able to provide polite attitudes, carry out responsibilities for work and personal life, and the most important thing is that children are able to become people who carry out all their activities in the social environment properly

Adolescent reproductive health is a healthy condition originating from the systems, functions and processes of the reproductive organs of adolescents, namely men and women aged 10-19 years and who are not yet married. Teenagers' lack of knowledge about reproductive health will certainly have an impact on attitudes that don't care about their reproductive health. Adolescents experience various problems related to reproductive health such as unwanted pregnancies (KTD), sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) including Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) infection, this is due, in part, to a lack of knowledge and caring attitude towards their reproductive health. The aim of this community service is to provide counseling related to reproductive health to adolescents and then evaluate their level of knowledge before and after the counseling is carried out. The stages are in the form of a pre-test, followed by a presentation of counseling material using the lecture method, followed by a question and answer session and discussion then ending with a participant post-test. The results showed that there was an increase in the level of knowledge of adolescents about reproductive health after the counseling was carried out.