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This research aims to explore the role of the Christian Religious Education (PAK) curriculum in improving the spirituality of youth in Indonesia. Using a qualitative approach, this study involved in-depth interviews with teachers, students and practitioners of Christian Religious Education to obtain a holistic perspective regarding the influence of the curriculum on the formation of the spirituality of the younger generation. The research results show that the PAK curriculum has an important role in instilling moral values, strengthening faith, and forming the character of Christian youth. The implementation of a relevant and contextual curriculum allows young people to understand and appreciate religious teachings more deeply, so as to improve the quality of their relationships with God and each other. This research also found that there are challenges in implementing a curriculum that is able to adapt to current developments and technology without ignoring the substance of spirituality. Therefore, the success of the PAK curriculum in increasing youth spirituality is highly dependent on the active involvement of educators and educational institutions in creating an environment that supports learning that is holistic and relevant to the spiritual needs of today's youth.

This study aims to examine the motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from "non-pesantren" at the Al-Amien Islamic Institute (IDIA) Prenduan. The main focus of this study is to understand the factors that encourage and inhibit the motivation to learn Arabic for students who do not have a pesantren educational background. This study uses a qualitative method with a case study approach, where data is collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that students who graduated from non-pesantren have individual strategies in fostering motivation to learn Arabic, namely: starting with buying a vocabulary book, listening to Arabic conversations around them, bringing a dictionary, asking questions often, listening to Arabic songs, consistently memorizing vocabulary, reflecting on seniors and classmates who are proficient in Arabic, reducing sleep time, understanding their subjects. Motivation to learn Arabic among students who graduated from non-pesantren is influenced by intrinsic factors such as personal interests, academic goals, and support from the social and academic environment. These findings are expected to contribute to the development of more effective learning strategies to increase motivation to learn Arabic among students with diverse educational backgrounds.

The aim of this research is to determine if the discussion method enhances student learning outcomes in social studies for SD/MI. A literature review approach was utilized to conduct this investigation. This method is based on several relevant articles that explore how discussion techniques influence learning outcomes in social studies at the SD and MI levels. Findings from various journals indicate that the discussion method significantly improves academic performance, and its implementation effectively boosts student achievement, particularly in social studies classes for elementary students.

The utilization of natural resources in the current era is an important concern, especially in supporting environmental sustainability. The development of awareness of environmental issues also affects the economic cycle, especially the production process of environmentally friendly goods. The running of environmentally friendly goods production in Indonesia is evidenced by the existence of various product innovations that utilize waste or natural materials, one of which is JEcoware. The existence of JEcoware is also a means of supporting business actors to carry out sustainable product innovations. One of the popular JEcoware product innovations is the utilization of teak leaves and used cardboard. The type of method used is descriptive observation with a qualitative approach. All data for this observation was obtained through literature reviews by analyzing information from various sources, as well as through the analysis of production practices carried out periodically at JEcoware. Based on the results of the discussion, it is known that the utilization of teak leaves is influenced by the season and the availability of materials to produce JEcoware products. The change of seasons also affects the quality of teak leaves due to irregular rainfall. Therefore, seasonal changes significantly impact the quality of raw materials and the JEcoware production process, ultimately influencing the production of high-quality and sustainable products.

This research examines the legal aspects of collaborative programs in integrated waste management systems in Batam City. The study focuses on analyzing the regulatory framework, identifying implementation challenges, and developing recommendations for effective multi-stakeholder collaboration. Using a mixed normative and empirical juridical approach, data was collected through document analysis, in-depth interviews, and field observations. The findings reveal significant regulatory fragmentation between central and local governments, coordination gaps among stakeholders, and legal barriers in public-private partnerships. The research proposes improvements to the legal framework, strengthening coordination mechanisms, and developing supportive legal instruments. The study contributes to understanding how regulatory frameworks can better facilitate collaborative waste management programs in urban settings.

The problem that the Indonesian people are still facing is the employment problem. The high workforce every year is not equipped with appropriate skills and expertise. It is hoped that this training program can create a workforce that has skills and expertise in their field. Qualitative research method with a descriptive approach. Data collection techniques are through observation, interviews and literature study. The aim of this research is to provide participants with graphic design knowledge and skills, so that participants can apply the skills they have acquired in opening their own business. The results of this research are that the Kronggen village BLK annually carries out graphic design training. In 2024, for the first time, the Kronggen village BLK will carry out cosmetology training.

The learning and teaching system at the Postgraduate level of higher education greatly contributes to the development of society and the state. Postgraduate class must certainly have a good strategy in improving the quality of education. so that the results obtained are in accordance with the goals that have been outlined. Likewise, the Postgraduate Program system at the Tribakti Islamic University Lirboyo Kediri. no exception to the Education. However, efforts to realize Quality in the Study Program play an important role in making it happen. This study aims to determine the form of caprodi strategy in realizing the quality of PAI Study Program at the Postgraduate Program of Tribakti Islamic University, knowing the procedures of each Kaprodi strategy in Realizing the Quality of PAI Study Program at the Postgraduate Program of Tribakti Islamic University. The method used in this research is descriptive qualitative with the type of field research approach. This research was conducted at Tribakti Islamic University (UIT) Lirboyo Kediri, Lirboyo Darussalam Islamic Boarding School, Kediri. The results of this study are: 1) The form of Kaprodi's Strategy in realizing the Quality of PAI Study Program at the Postgraduate Program of Tribakti Islamic University has several forms, namely by Achieving Accreditation-Based Quality, Preserving Excellent Programs and International Proceedings Seminars. 2) Quality planning, quality control and quality improvement.  The procedure includes three activities, namely opening activities such as debriefing and grouping students with lecturers. In this core activity is carried out while the activity is in progress such as making observations. for closing activities carried out at the end of the activity and after activities such as making final reports in the form of journals and articles which are used as a condition for the completion of the activity. Of the three contain Quality Planning, Quality Quality and Quality Improvement.

This research aims to show the extent to which Islamic Religious Education (PAI) contributes to the development of tolerant student character at Jakarta State University (UNJ).  This research uses a qualitative approach using library research methods (library study). to analyze character development in the practice of religious activities in the school environment. The research results show that strong character development occurs through religious practices at school which strengthen students' character. This research concludes that although Islamic religious education has a very important role in forming a tolerant character, it needs to be supported by various other efforts from both the school and the students themselves.

The aim of this research is to see how moderate Muslim culture is depicted in Indonesian religious films by looking at da'wah. Religious films are one of the most effective media for conveying Islamic values ​​to the general public and examining relevant social and ideological dynamics. This research uses narrative analysis as part of a qualitative approach to find features, preaching messages and story elements. The main focus is how religious films help people better understand Islam by encouraging tolerance, inclusion and relevance to modern society. This study found that Indonesian religious films often depict social and spiritual conflicts that prevent Muslims from maintaining moderate values. People who encourage conversation, defend moral principles, and reconcile religious education with contemporary life are representative of moderate Muslims. It is hoped that this research will be a guide for filmmakers who want to make films that depict Islam in a moderate way.

Advances in digital technology have changed the way of living and interacting in modern society. Although it provides many conveniences, technology also has the potential to disrupt the balance of life and cause alienation from the spiritual dimension. This research explores multidisciplinary approaches that can be applied to integrate spiritual values into digital lifestyles holistically and contextually. Through a literature review, several main approaches can be identified, namely digital theology, digital psychology, digital sociology, technology ethics, and integrative multidisciplinary approaches. The digital theology approach emphasizes the importance of presenting spirituality in a format relevant to the digital generation. Digital psychology examines the impact of technology on mental health and offers spiritual activity as a solution. Digital sociology looks at changes in community structure and opportunities for building virtual spiritual communities. Technology ethics considers the moral and spiritual implications of technological development. Lastly, an integrative multidisciplinary approach combines multiple perspectives to offer a comprehensive solution. By combining these approaches, this study seeks to find a balance between advances in digital technology and the appreciation of spiritual values in an online-connected society.

Interfaith marriage in Indonesia represents a complex legal challenge characterized by significant regulatory ambiguity and constitutional tensions. This juridical research investigates the existing legal vacuum surrounding interfaith marriage, examining the critical gaps in current legislation that impede comprehensive legal protection for interfaith couples. Utilizing a normative juridical approach with legislative and conceptual analysis, the study explores the intricate intersections between religious diversity, individual rights, and legal frameworks.The research reveals substantial deficiencies in the current legal system, highlighting the absence of specific regulations governing interfaith marriage. Key findings demonstrate the urgent need for a comprehensive legislative framework that balances religious pluralism, constitutional principles, and individual human rights. The study identifies critical challenges, including conflicts between existing legal provisions, social perceptions, and constitutional guarantees of religious freedom.Methodologically grounded in progressive legal theory and human rights principles, the research provides a critical analysis of the existing legal landscape. Comparative insights from international jurisdictions underscore the necessity of legal reform. The findings recommend the development of nuanced legislation that respects individual choice while maintaining social harmony.The study concludes that Indonesia requires a transformative approach to interfaith marriage regulation, emphasizing legislative reforms, public education, and the establishment of robust legal mechanisms that protect individual rights within the context of religious and cultural diversity.

The legal landscape of interfaith marriage in Indonesia presents a complex challenge that intersects social dynamics, legal frameworks, and cultural diversity. This research aims to critically analyze the existing legal system governing interfaith marriages, exploring the fundamental tensions between legal norms and social realities. Through a comprehensive socio-legal methodology, the study investigates the intricate challenges of harmonizing marriage laws in a pluralistic society.The research employs a mixed-method approach, combining normative juridical analysis with empirical social research. Extensive document analysis, comparative legal studies, and expert interviews provide a nuanced understanding of the current legal and social complexities surrounding interfaith marriages. The study examines the interactions between state law, religious norms, and customary traditions that shape marriage regulations in Indonesia.Key findings reveal significant gaps between legislative provisions and social practices, highlighting the urgent need for a more adaptive and inclusive legal framework. The research identifies multiple challenges, including jurisdictional conflicts, individual rights protection, and the complex interplay of different normative systems. Theoretical foundations draw from legal certainty theory, legal pluralism, and social justice theory to construct a comprehensive analytical framework.The study proposes innovative approaches to legal harmonization, emphasizing the delicate balance between maintaining legal certainty and accommodating social realities. Recommendations include developing more flexible legal mechanisms, enhancing inter-institutional dialogue, and creating regulatory frameworks that recognize the dynamic nature of social relationships and individual rights in contemporary Indonesian society.Ultimately, the research demonstrates that effective legal harmonization requires a holistic approach that bridges the gap between formal legal structures and the lived experiences of individuals navigating interfaith marriages. By providing a critical analysis of the current legal landscape, the study contributes to broader discussions on legal pluralism, social justice, and individual rights in Indonesia.

Finpay Link, developed by PT Finnet Indonesia, is a unique URL generated by the Finpay Payment Gateway system to facilitate payment transactions via email, SMS, or messaging apps like WhatsApp. Designed to simplify transactions for MSMEs, it aims to contribute significantly to the company’s revenue through increased business transactions. However, since its launch in 2019, Finpay Link has not met the expected revenue targets, prompting the need for new innovations based on the existing product. Given the high adoption of WhatsApp in Indonesia, with 90.9% of social media users active on the platform, this study explores the design and development of a WhatsApp-based application using the design thinking approach. Aimed at MSMEs, this application is intended to drive business transactions and revenue. This qualitative case study employs observation and in-depth interviews for data collection. The study results include the design of new features like payment processing and transaction history tracking. Prototype testing using the System Usability Score (SUS) yielded an 89.5 score, indicating high usability. Positive feedback from users confirmed the value of the payment and transaction tracking innovations. Despite time limitations, this research provides a foundation for future enhancements and can serve as a reference for applying design thinking in business app development.

Turnover Intention influenced by a combination of individual, organizational, and work environment factors. In this context, psychological theories such as Herzberg's two-factor theory can help understand this dynamic by dividing factors that influence job satisfaction into motivators and hygiene factors. Motivators, such as recognition and achievement, contribute to higher job satisfaction, while hygiene factors, such as working conditions and management policies, play a role in preventing dissatisfaction. This study aims to explore the relationship between job satisfaction, job stress, managerial support, and employee engagement on turnover intention in various sectors. This study uses a quantitative approach with a Likert scale-based survey to collect data, which were analysed using Pearson correlation tests and multiple linear regression. The results showed that job satisfaction and managerial support have a significant negative relationship with turnover intention, while job stress shows a significant positive relationship. In addition, employee engagement through organizational citizenship behaviour (OCB) has been shown to reduce turnover intention even though the level of job satisfaction is low. This study provides practical implications for organizations to design employee retention strategies through stress management, increasing job satisfaction, and managerial support. This study contributes to the enrichment of the literature on human resource management, particularly in understanding the dynamics of turnover intention, and recommends further research with a longitudinal approach to validate the results in other sectors.

Philosophy of science has an important role in the preparation of scientific work, especially in management science, by providing a conceptual framework that integrates aspects of ontology, epistemology and axiology. This research discusses the application of the philosophy of science in the entire research process, starting from problem formulation, developing a theoretical framework, to presenting findings. The philosophy of science approach allows the selection of relevant research paradigms and valid methods to produce applicable and ethical solutions. In addition, philosophy of science contributes to the development of new paradigms, strengthening research ethics, and increasing creativity in scientific research. By using a literature review approach, this research provides insight into how the philosophy of science supports the development of management science through knowledge validation and systematic methodological testing

This article aims to examine the implementation of morals-based non-test assessment in PAI learning in grade 11 of SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, focusing on its influence on students' character development. Islamic Religious Education (PAI) has an important role in instilling moral values. In this context, morals-based non-test assessment is an effective approach to assessing students' character development, as it focuses on observing their behavior and attitudes. At SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta, the implementation of this method is expected to help students not only understand religious teachings in theory, but also apply them in daily life. This research is a type of field research that is descriptive qualitative in nature. The main focus of this research is to understand the concept of evaluation in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning, which includes both test-based and non-test evaluation methods at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta. In this study, a phenomenological approach is used to explore the experiences and understanding of individuals or groups regarding the phenomenon under investigation. Moral-based non-test assessment in PAI learning aims to evaluate students' moral values in everyday life. In contrast to test assessments that measure cognitive abilities. The implementation of morals-based non-test assessment faces obstacles such as difficulties in measuring morals objectively and limited time for observation.Morals-based non-test assessment in Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMK Muhammadiyah 4 Surakarta has an important role in shaping student character, in addition to mastery of academic material.

This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.   Keywords: This study aims to describe the importance of ethical and cultural leadership in education, especially in creating a conducive learning environment, which not only focuses on academic achievement, but also on the formation of students' moral character. One of the main challenges in the world of education today is the decline in polite behavior and moral ethics in the school environment, which results in rampant violations of social and religious norms. Ethical and cultural leadership is expected to provide solutions to this problem by instilling strong moral values and maintaining the sustainability of cultural values. This study uses a qualitative approach with a library research method to analyze the concept of ethical and cultural leadership. The results of the study show that ethical educational leaders must uphold the principles of justice, responsibility, and transparency in every action, while cultural leaders must be able to maintain and adapt cultural values to remain relevant to the times. These two types of leadership are expected to create a healthy organizational culture and build integrity in educational institutions, as well as motivate their followers to play an active role in achieving holistic educational goals. Education leaders are expected to be agents of change who are able to balance the preservation of cultural values and the application of innovation in education.    

The development of competent human resources (HR) is a top priority for improving the quality of life in society. In education, teachers' ability to enhance their skills is key to successful learning. However, many teachers struggle to adapt teaching methods to the demands of the digital era, especially in utilizing Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology. AI offers innovative solutions such as personalized learning and adaptive platforms that enhance the effectiveness of teaching and learning processes. This study examines the implementation of AI-based learning models and teacher training programs in Muhammadiyah schools in Semarang. Using the Training of Trainer (ToT) approach, the program equips teachers with skills such as using adaptive learning tools and AI-based evaluation systems. The study employs a mixed-methods approach involving practical training and result evaluation. The findings reveal improved digital literacy and confidence among teachers in using AI for interactive learning. In conclusion, AI has great potential to transform education, but its success depends on comprehensive, ethical, and sustainable strategies. The ToT program serves as a strategic step to empower teachers to face educational challenges in the digital era.

The socio-cultural approach is a crucial aspect of creating inclusive and relevant guidance and counseling services, particularly at SMAN 7 Tasikmalaya, which has a diverse student background. This study aims to understand how socio-cultural values are integrated into the counseling process to help students address various issues, such as adaptation difficulties, social gaps, and interpersonal conflicts. Using a qualitative research method with a case study approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations of counseling activities, and document analysis. The results indicate that implementing strategies such as classical guidance, home visits, and community-based approaches effectively strengthens the relationship between counselors and students and enhances students' skills in dealing with differences. Additionally, the integration of local culture into counseling programs positively impacts fostering mutual understanding among students. The implications of this study highlight the need for counselor training to better comprehend students' socio-cultural contexts, enabling counseling services to be designed according to their needs and conditions. This research contributes significantly to developing guidance models that respect socio-cultural diversity in educational settings.

Clinical approach or clinical supervision assumes that the teacher's learning process to develop is always related to the teacher's own individual learning process. The clinical approach is a face-to-face process between the supervisor and the teacher. This meeting discusses teaching problems and those related to it. Therefore, in clinical supervision, the supervisor and teacher act as colleagues in solving learning problems. For different types of teachers, the supervisor must also distinguish the types of clinical supervision strategies that will be used. The type of professional teacher is suitable for using non-directive strategies, the type of critical teacher and busy teacher can use collaborative strategies. Meanwhile, for teachers who are not qualified, supervisors are expected to be more active in guiding and teaching these teachers, so that the right strategy is direct clinical supervision.