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Prelabor rupture of membranes (PROM) remains one of the most frequently encountered obstetric complications and continues to contribute substantially to maternal and neonatal morbidity and mortality. Numerous factors have been associated with PROM; however, the available evidence presents considerable variation, highlighting the need to re-evaluate these determinants using recent empirical findings. This review aims to identify and synthesize the principal factors influencing PROM based on ten studies published within the last five years. A systematic search was conducted across PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar using predefined keywords, followed by screening through established eligibility criteria. Relevant data from each study including study design, geographical setting, assessed risk factors, and statistical outcomes such as odds ratios or relative risks  were extracted and compared. The review indicates that reproductive and urinary tract infections, inadequate nutritional status, high-risk obstetric history, and short interpregnancy intervals consistently emerge as major determinants. Social factors and the quality of antenatal services were also shown to heighten the likelihood of PROM. Overall, the findings emphasize that PROM arises from a combination of medical and non-medical influences, reinforcing the need for preventive strategies that adopt a comprehensive and integrated approach.

This study aims to identify and describe the teaching process of Social Studies (IPS) in third-grade elementary school through direct observation. The method used involved an observation sheet designed in accordance with the research objectives to collect information on teacher and student activities, the teaching approach applied, and the use of teaching materials. The research findings revealed that although students were less actively involved, the lecture technique was still the main method in teaching Social Studies in third-grade elementary school. However, the practice of interactive instructional strategies, such as group discussions, the effective use of suitable instructional media is believed to enhance learners’ participation and foster greater motivation in the learning process. Furthermore, a harmonious interaction between educators and students also plays a role in establishing a supportive and comfortable learning atmosphere. The main obstacles include limited teaching materials and limited learning time. This study concludes that teaching Social Studies at the elementary school level needs to utilize a variety of interesting techniques and teaching materials to increase learning efficiency and foster student interest. These results provide useful empirical data as a basis for evaluating and improving Social Studies teaching in third-grade elementary school, so that it is more appropriate to the characteristics and needs of students.

This study aims to describe the community empowerment strategy implemented by Lazis Nurul Falah in supporting Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) in Ketintang, Surabaya. The research used a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques. Data were collected directly during the distribution of business capital assistance and mentoring of beneficiaries. The results show that the empowerment program focused on improving economic independence through financial aid, business equipment, and moral support from volunteers. Although conducted modestly, the program had a significant impact on beneficiaries’ confidence and motivation to continue their businesses. It also strengthened social and Islamic values such as ta‘āwun (mutual help) and built harmonious relations between the institution, volunteers, and the community. The study concludes that empowerment based on collaboration and social proximity can create positive change and serve as an effective model to promote community economic independence.

This community service activity aims to enhance the creativity of UIN Palangka Raya students by producing functional herbal tea bags using cat's whiskers (Orthosiphon aristatus) and lemongrass (Cymbopogon citratus). The activity was implemented using a Participatory Action Research (PAR) approach, emphasizing active student participation in all stages of the production process. Participants, third-semester students of the Biology Education Study Program, were introduced to the health benefits of both herbs and were encouraged to practice drying ingredients, weighing formulations, and packaging the products. The results of the activity indicated that students gained a comprehensive understanding of the bioactive compounds in cat's whiskers and lemongrass, proper processing techniques to maintain ingredient quality, and the ideal formulation for making herbal tea bags. Students were also able to produce safe, hygienic, and functional tea bags. This activity has proven effective in enhancing students' knowledge, skills, creativity, and ability to develop innovative products based on local natural ingredients.

In this Community Service Program (KKN) activity, the main goal is to strengthen social solidarity among the residents through the celebration of Indonesia’s Independence Day in Penagan Ratu Village. Social solidarity is one of the key factors in maintaining harmony and togetherness within the community. However, in today’s modern era, the spirit of cooperation and mutual assistance tends to decline due to individualism and people’s busy daily routines. Therefore, the Independence Day celebration serves as a strategic moment to revive the sense of brotherhood, unity, and social awareness among the villagers. This program was carried out with the active participation of all community members, including village officials, youth organizations (karang taruna), women’s groups, children, and teenagers. Various activities were conducted such as community clean-up (kerja bakti), traditional games, art performances, and a local MSME (UMKM) bazaar. The implementation method was participatory, emphasizing the active involvement of the community in every stage. The results of the program showed a high level of community participation, stronger social bonds, and an increase in the spirit of mutual cooperation. Moreover, the event brought a positive impact through the empowerment of local MSMEs. Thus, the Independence Day celebration was not merely ceremonial, but also served as an effective medium to strengthen social solidarity, fostering a more cohesive, respectful, and socially aware community in Penagan Ratu Village.

This study aims to analyze the content and substance of the Fourth Hadith in Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah, explore the Islamic educational values contained within it, and examine its relevance to contemporary Islamic religious education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an examination of primary and secondary literature related to the hadith and Islamic educational concepts. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to reveal both textual and contextual meanings.The findings show that the Fourth Hadith provides an explanation of the gradual process of human creation, the decree of divine destiny encompassing sustenance, lifespan, deeds, and a person’s final fate, as well as an emphasis on the importance of righteous actions in determining one’s end. The hadith encapsulates holistic educational values, including divine values such as belief in destiny, reliance on God (tawakkul), patience, and spiritual awareness; and humanistic values such as moral responsibility, self-control, self-awareness, and consistency in worship and good deeds. These values remain highly relevant for character building in modern learners, especially in facing moral, spiritual, and social challenges.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Fourth Hadith of Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah plays a significant role in strengthening contemporary Islamic education, particularly in shaping character grounded in sound creed, noble ethics, and strong mental resilience. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators, educational institutions, and society in developing more integrative and applicable educational practices.

This study examines the role of teachers as influencers in 21st-century education, particularly in developing students’ intelligence and character through the use of digital media and technology. The digital transformation requires teachers to serve not only as transmitters of knowledge but also as public figures capable of providing positive influence through digital behavior and communication. The purpose of this study is to analyze how teachers perform their roles as educational influencers and how this impacts students’ intellectual and character development. This research employs a literature study method by reviewing scientific sources such as books, articles, journals, and relevant research reports. The analysis was conducted using a descriptive-analytical approach to identify patterns, ideas, and strategies used by teachers in integrating character values and digital literacy. The findings indicate that teachers with strong digital competence and personal integrity are able to create positive influence through educational content, digital role modeling, and ethical communication. The implications highlight the importance of strengthening teachers’ digital literacy, educational policy support, and continuous professional training to create a digital learning ecosystem that is character-based, adaptive, and responsive to contemporary challenges.

This study aims to analyze the impact of content marketing, influencer marketing, and online customer reviews on the purchasing interest in Skintific products on TikTok among Generation Z students of the Bachelor of Management program at Universitas Semarang. Primary data was collected through a Google Form questionnaire distributed to Generation Z students using purposive sampling technique, based on the criteria of Generation Z age, active TikTok users, and familiarity with Skintific products. A quantitative approach was applied using multiple linear regression analysis after validity, reliability, normality, multicollinearity, and heteroscedasticity tests met the requirements. The results show that content marketing, influencer marketing, and online customer reviews individually have a significant positive effect on purchasing interest in Skintific products. Simultaneously, these three variables significantly influence purchasing interest, with a strong contribution. These findings imply that an integrated digital marketing strategy involving content marketing, influencer marketing, and online customer reviews is effective in increasing purchasing interest among Generation Z students on TikTok. This provides valuable insights for companies in designing more effective digital marketing campaigns to attract young consumers through social media platforms.

In an increasingly competitive business world with ever-increasing customer demands for the quality of services and goods, customer satisfaction and loyalty have emerged as crucial issues in today's marketing management. Under such conditions, business entities must identify the key elements that shape satisfaction and how these contribute to building customer loyalty. This paper aims to examine the nature of study results on the determinants of satisfaction and loyalty through an evaluation of several recent empirical studies. Two key questions are addressed: which elements most strongly influence customer satisfaction, and what is the intermediary function of satisfaction in explaining the relationship between marketing variables such as service quality, cost, brand image, and trust with customer loyalty. The technique employed is a qualitative literature review through a search of articles using Google Scholar and Publish or Perish (PoP). Key terms used include customer satisfaction, customer loyalty, service quality, and trust. Of the 50 articles found in the initial phase, 15 met the inclusion standards and were thoroughly reviewed. The evaluation findings reveal three dominant patterns: service and product quality are the most stable factors driving satisfaction; cost and brand image serve as supporting factors; and trust acts as an important intermediary variable. This evaluation confirms that customer satisfaction is a key component in strengthening loyalty. Future studies are recommended to expand the scope of business sectors, use a more comprehensive structural framework, and utilize a wider variety of methodological techniques.

This study focuses on the dynamic relationship between transformational leadership and work motivation, and how both elements contribute to increased productivity in modern organizational environments. By employing a literature review approach, this study synthesizes existing research to explore the powerful impact of transformational leadership in fostering heightened work motivation among employees. The research highlights that transformational leadership acts as a catalyst, significantly enhancing employees' intrinsic motivation, which in turn serves as a mediating factor in boosting individual productivity. The study identifies two key dimensions of transformational leadership that contribute most significantly to motivation: the leader's ability to provide inspirational encouragement and their attention to the unique needs of each employee. These aspects are crucial in fostering an environment where employees feel valued, supported, and motivated to perform at their best. The positive effects of this leadership style are evident in improved work quality, increased accuracy in task completion, and a stronger sense of responsibility among employees. Ultimately, this study confirms that a leader who is adaptive, communicative, and inspiring is essential in building superior, consistent, and sustainable performance within an evolving organizational structure. The findings underscore the critical role of leadership in cultivating motivation and driving long-term productivity in organizations.

This study seeks to unravel the complexities of applying the doctrine of culpa lata or gross negligence as the basis for criminal liability for state officials in corruption cases, an area that highlights gaps in the criminal law framework which tends to focus on intent. With the rise in corruption cases stemming from misguided strategic decisions that are difficult to prove as intentional, the urgency to explore alternative criminal liability grounds becomes crucial for establishing strong accountability in governance. This research specifically analyzes the application of culpa lata through an in-depth study of Decision Number 68/Pid.Sus-TPK/2025/PN Jkt Pst. Adopting a normative-empirical qualitative case study method, the analysis focuses on the court decision as a single unit of analysis, supported by primary data from the decision document and secondary data from legal literature. Through documentary evidence tracking, it was found that the panel of judges successfully applied the doctrine of culpa lata by identifying elements of negligence such as the disregard for risks that should have been known, subjective asset valuation, and strategic decision-making without adequate study, which causally led to state losses. These findings substantively show that gross negligence can effectively serve as a basis for criminal liability, indicating a shift in the pattern of corruption law enforcement that goes beyond proving mere intent. In conclusion, this study affirms the effectiveness of culpa lata in expanding the scope of criminal liability for state officials, offering theoretical contributions to the understanding of fault elements and practical implications in strengthening public accountability and the potential for corruption prevention through enhanced standards of caution.

Corn production in the provinces of East Nusa Tenggara (NTT) and West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) exhibits dynamics influenced by agro-climatic factors, the utilization of production facilities, and the welfare condition of the farmers. This study aims to analyze the impact of rainfall, solar radiation, and production inputs on corn productivity; to explain the relationship between production changes and the Farmer’s Exchange Rate (NTP) as a welfare indicator; and to evaluate the contribution of the corn subsector to the agricultural Gross Regional Domestic Product (GRDP). The research method uses a descriptive-quantitative approach based on BPS data and official local government documents. The results indicate that NTB has more stable productivity due to relatively even rainfall and better support for production facilities, whereas NTT faces higher production fluctuations due to greater climate variability. Furthermore, the NTP in NTB tends to be better than in NTT, aligning with the stability of its productivity. Corn contributes significantly to the agricultural GRDP in both provinces, particularly in central production areas such as Dompu and Bima. Policy implications include the necessity for strengthening post-harvest infrastructure, more equitable input distribution, and climate adaptation strategies in drought-prone areas. The findings provide an empirical basis for sustainable productivity improvement and farmer welfare policies.

This study aims to analyze the critical role of leadership in improving employee motivation at Arabela Beauty Salon in Sikka Regency. The problems identified include employees who still lack enthusiasm in their work, low discipline, and limited initiative in providing service to customers, which affects overall service quality. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, using data collection techniques such as interviews, observations, and documentation. The results indicate that leadership at Arabela Beauty Salon plays a significant role in enhancing employee motivation by providing clear direction, maintaining open communication, and offering attention as well as support to employees. However, the reward system and performance evaluation processes still need improvement to further encourage employees in achieving optimal service targets and high-quality outcomes. Thus, the application of an effective, participative leadership style can significantly improve employee motivation, which in turn leads to better service delivery and increased customer satisfaction.

This study aims to analyze the factors influencing the income levels of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, Sipahutar Subdistrict, North Tapanuli Regency. The research focuses on several key variables, namely land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience, which are presumed to be associated with farmers’ income. A quantitative research approach was employed, using multiple linear regression analysis to examine the simultaneous and partial effects of each variable on the income of pineapple farmers. The population of this study comprised all pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village, with a sample of 65 respondents selected through a simple random sampling technique. Data were collected through interviews and structured questionnaires designed in accordance with the research objectives. The results of the data analysis indicate that, simultaneously, land size, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience have a significant effect on the income of pineapple farmers. However, the partial test results reveal that only land size has a positive and significant effect on farmers’ income. Meanwhile, production quantity, production tools, and farming experience do not show a statistically significant influence. These findings indicate that land size is the dominant factor in determining the income level of pineapple farmers in the study area. Therefore, improving access to agricultural land or optimizing the utilization of existing land is an important strategy for increasing the income of pineapple farmers in Siabal-Abal V Village.

This study aims to describe the characteristics of AIESEC Future Leaders (AFL) promotional content on the Instagram account @aiesecupnvy using a descriptive qualitative approach and Charles Sanders Peirce's semiotic analysis. Promotional content was chosen as the focus of the research because it plays a crucial role in building audience interest and understanding of the self-development programs offered. The research results indicate that AIESEC UPNVY utilizes several types of visual and verbal signs designed to attract attention and build emotional closeness with its target audience, namely students and young people. Content highlighting program benefits, testimonials from previous participants in the form of single words, expressions of delegates' happiness, and symbolic videos about togetherness proved effective in creating social proof and strengthening AFL's image as a program that provides valuable experiences. This strategy aligns with the AIDA principle, where each piece of content is designed to attract attention, generate interest, cultivate desire, and encourage registration action. Additionally, using a cutting-edge approach thru creative visuals, short narratives, and authentic content strengthens the promotional appeal on digital platforms. Overall, this study concludes that the AFL promotional content has been strategically and innovatively crafted, enabling it to enhance the effectiveness of marketing communication and help strengthen audience engagement with the program.

Digital transformation has emerged as a major catalyst for reform in contemporary public administration, reshaping how governments design, deliver, and evaluate public services. This literature review synthesizes key findings from international studies to map the dynamics of technological innovation and bureaucratic adaptation in the era of digital government. The results demonstrate that technologies such as artificial intelligence, blockchain, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things accelerate administrative processes, enhance accuracy, reduce service costs, and strengthen transparency and accountability. However, the review also emphasizes that technological advancement alone is insufficient; the success of digital transformation depends on the capacity of public institutions to reorganize work structures, build digital competencies, and shift bureaucratic culture toward more adaptive and collaborative practices. Furthermore, digital participation platforms have expanded opportunities for citizen engagement, yet persistent digital divides—driven by socio-demographic disparities and unequal access to infrastructure—pose significant challenges to inclusive participation. The literature also reveals recurring barriers related to infrastructure readiness, cybersecurity, resistance to change, and limited digital literacy among public employees. Cross-country evidence from Turkey, Singapore, Italy, Iran, and the UAE shows similar transformation patterns, highlighting bureaucratic adaptation as a mediating factor between technological innovation and governance outcomes. Overall, this review offers an integrated conceptual understanding of digital transformation in public services and underscores the need for holistic strategies that combine technological investment, organizational reform, and inclusive governance to ensure sustainable and equitable digitalization.

Licensing gave the insurance company right to conduct its business activity, insurance company need to comply with provisions, one of the provision is corporate financial health. Failure to comply with the provisions will result in sanction in the form of company dissolution and liquidation. Shareholder conduct General Meeting of Shareholder (RUPS) to determine liquidation team. The company assets were blocked and seized by the state due to connection with other criminal cases. Failure in payment caused by the seizure made policy holder conduct litigation and non-litigation effort. This study aim to know and analyse the provisions regulation and supervision of the liquidation process that conducted by the company which license had been provoked. The second objectives are to know and analyse the impact to policy holders caused by the liquidation of  PT Ausransi Jiwa Adisarana Wanaartha which had its business license revoked. The methodology that had been used in this study is normative legal research with approach based on legal principal, approach based on systemic approach to law, and approach based on synchronization to law. The result of this study is the legal basic regarding liquidation had not regulated adequately. Policyholders as the party that got the impact of the liquidation will be placed in a disadvantage condition due to the small return of payment from company asset, especially when insurance fund is not sufficient to cover all the obligated payment to policyholders.

Islamic boarding schools play a strategic role in national development, not only as religious educational institutions, but also as agents of social and economic empowerment for the people. Law No. 18 of 2019 strengthens their position in the national legal system, in line with the values of Pancasila, which emphasizes social justice and respect for diversity. This study aims to analyze the position of Islamic boarding schools within the national legal framework, emphasizing the relevance of Pancasila and their contribution to strengthening the economy of the Muslim community. The method used is a qualitative approach with normative-legal literature study and qualitative analysis of regulations, literature, and practices of economic empowerment in Islamic boarding schools. The results of the study show that Islamic boarding schools have legal legitimacy as independent institutions in education, da'wah, and community empowerment, while also playing a role in developing cooperatives, micro-enterprises, and santri-based entrepreneurship. Thus, Islamic boarding schools have proven to be important actors in strengthening the economy of the Muslim community and implementing the Pancasila value of social justice.

This research compares legal entity licensing systems in Indonesia and other ASEAN member states in response to the growing need for regulatory harmonization and improved ease of doing business within the region, particularly after ASEAN economic integration accelerated cross border investment activities. Differences in administrative requirements, processing duration, and the level of digitalization among countries often create barriers for business expansion, making a comparative assessment essential to understand Indonesia’s current position and identify potential improvements. The main objective of this study is to analyze the characteristics of Indonesia’s legal entity licensing system by comparing it with ASEAN countries that have adopted more advanced administrative reforms, while also evaluating how regional best practices can inform national policy development. The study applies a qualitative method using a descriptive comparative approach, focusing on regulatory frameworks, institutional arrangements, levels of digital integration, and indicators related to ease of doing business. The results show that although Indonesia has introduced electronic licensing systems, several challenges remain, including uneven implementation, overlapping institutional authority, and variations in service quality across regions. In contrast, countries such as Singapore and Malaysia have established licensing systems that are more integrated, transparent, and oriented toward user needs, resulting in greater legal certainty for investors. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening regulatory alignment, improving digital system integration, and enhancing institutional capacity so that Indonesia can reach efficiency levels comparable to its regional counterparts and contribute to a more competitive and sustainable ASEAN business environment.

This study discusses the application of the HSV color segmentation method for color-based object detection in digital images. The data used consist of digital images in JPG, PNG, or WebP format containing various colored objects, including red tomatoes, yellow bananas, green apples, orange oranges, purple akebia, brown sapodilla, and blue blueberries. The research process involves converting images from BGR to HSV, determining HSV ranges for each color, creating masks, performing segmentation, analyzing pixels, detecting contours, and visualizing results using bounding boxes. The results show that the HSV method effectively detects objects, separates them from the background, and provides quantitative information, including pixel count, area percentage, and average HSV values for each color. Red, yellow, green, orange, purple, brown, and blue colors were successfully segmented, displaying clear and accurate objects, both for single and multiple objects, under various sizes and lighting conditions. These findings confirm that the HSV method is a simple, fast, and effective approach for color-based image analysis.