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Wearing a hijab for Muslim women is not just a habit, but an obligation that has a deep meaning in religion and daily life. This tradition is not just owned by Muslims, in ancient times this tradition has been attached as a civilization, so it is important to explore this matter further. This article aims to trace the dynamics of the hijab from a historical perspective. With a qualitative descriptive approach, the study found that the history of wearing the hijab is much older than Islam. The use of the hijab has existed in various cultures and civilizations in the world, even before Islam was born, precisely since the Sumerian civilization in Mesopotamia around 5,000 BC. The tradition of the hijab is also found in ancient Assyrian society. Wearing the hijab can be a symbol of honor and social status, especially for elite women or priestesses, a differentiator between free women and slaves, and part of a particular cultural tradition, as seen in various ancient civilizations. Thus, wearing the hijab is not only a practice related to Islam, but also a social phenomenon that has existed for a long time in the history of human civilization. This finding is important for the creation of a dignified society, amidst the fading awareness of wearing the hijab among Muslim teenagers. This research provides a direction for future research on the importance of the hijab for the honor of women more specifically.

The process of Islam entering the archipelago has a long and interesting history to study. It is estimated that Islam entered the archipelago in the 7th century AD to the 13th century AD. The process of Islamization in the archipelago took place peacefully, where its spread emphasized the spiritual and ethical aspects of life, so that society could accept it well. The routes used were also very diverse, ranging from trade, marriage, politics to art and culture. In addition to these routes, the spread of Islam was also supported by the role of Islamic kingdoms such as the Samudra Pasai Kingdom, the Aceh Kingdom to the Demak Kingdom. With various routes and roles of the kingdom, Islam developed and took root in the archipelago. However, when Islam actually entered the archipelago is still a question to this day. These theories have historical evidence that supports their opinions, so that various theories have developed that explain the beginning of Islam entering the archipelago. These theories include the Gujarat Theory, the Arab Theory, the Persian Theory and the Chinese Theory.

This study aims to philologically examine the Simalungun script manuscript containing the early history of Simalungun. This manuscript is one of the important sources in understanding the history, culture, and identity of the Simalungun people from a traditional perspective. This study uses a philological approach by implementing several stages, namely inventory, physical description of the manuscript, transliteration into Latin letters, translation into Indonesian, and content analysis. Through this method, the content of the text can be revealed in depth to reconstruct historical information and cultural values contained in the manuscript scientifically. This research is important to do considering that the existence of Simalungun script manuscripts is increasingly rare and has not received much special scientific attention. The results of the analysis show that the manuscript contains a narrative about the origins of the Simalungun people, including the story of ancestral migration, the formation of clan areas, traditional leadership systems, and cultural values that are passed down from generation to generation. In addition to being a historical document, this manuscript also reflects the identity and outlook on life of the Simalungun people in the past. Through this philological study, the manuscript was successfully reconstructed and interpreted scientifically so that it can become an important source in preserving culture and strengthening regional script literacy.  

This study aims to determine the relationship between visits to historical sites and nationalism attitudes of History Education students at Mulawarman University. The research background emphasizes the importance of learning history that is not only theoretical, but also based on direct experience. The method used is a quantitative approach with a correlational design, using a questionnaire as an instrument analyzed through the Spearman correlation test. The results showed that the majority of students had a level of field trips that ranged from moderate to high, with a significant positive relationship to their nationalism attitude. The obtained correlation coefficient value of 0.620 with a significance value of 0.000 (p < 0.05) indicates that the higher the frequency of field trips, the higher the students' nationalism attitude. As much as 47.4% of the results of variation in nationalism attitude can be explained by the frequency of field trips, while the rest is influenced by other factors. Thus, visits to historical sites play an important role in shaping students' nationalism attitudes.

This study uses a qualitative literature review methodology to examine the influence of local philanthropy on the formation and sustainability of social welfare systems in Indonesia. Local philanthropy has flourished through religious teachings, cultural values, and community-oriented charitable acts since before colonialism. It has become an essential component of the social framework for addressing poverty, natural disasters, and social injustice. This study examines the evolution of traditional local philanthropic organizations, including zakat, infaq, waqf, gotong royong, and village barns, into a structured and formal framework. The study shows that, in addition to strengthening the national welfare system, local philanthropy pursues strategic goals aimed at increasing social capital and fostering citizen unity. This research shows that the revitalization of local philanthropic principles can significantly replace the establishment of an inclusive, dynamic, and sustainable social welfare system in Indonesia.

Layur Mosque is one of the historic mosques in Semarang City that holds high architectural and cultural value. Built in the 18th century by the Arab community in the Pekojan area, this mosque has undergone various physical changes that reflect the dynamics of its social, cultural, and environmental surroundings. This study aims to examine the development of the Layur Mosque's architectural form over time through a qualitative descriptive approach. Data was collected through direct observation, literature review, and interviews with community leaders and mosque administrators. The findings reveal that the changes in the mosque's architectural form can be divided into several phases, starting from its initial tropical-style design with Middle Eastern influences, to modern renovations that retain distinctive elements such as the minaret and overlapping roof. These changes were not only driven by functional needs but also influenced by the cultural and social development of the local community. These findings emphasize that the structure of a mosque can serve as a visual historical source reflecting the journey of a community over time.

The tourism sector is an important aspect in the sustainability of economic development in Indonesia. One of the tourism in Banten Province is Banten Lama Tourism, this area is an important historical site in Indonesia.  As a manager, the Banten Provincial Government must revitalize the Banten Lama area including the physical restoration of buildings, infrastructure, and public facilities that have been damaged or degraded both in terms of function and aesthetics. The purpose of the research is to examine the extent to which the principles of good governance are applied in the process of APBD management in the revitalization of the Banten Lama area.  This research uses a qualitative research type of case study approach a la Creswell. The existence of a revitalization budget report is a form of Banten Provincial Government has shown an initial form of accountability commitment in the management of public funds through the preparation and realization of the Banten Lama Area revitalization budget. The legal basis for revitalization is the 2016 Governor Regulation Number 14 article 5, Governor Decree Number 437/Kep.160-HUK/2018, the 2010 Cultural Heritage Law Number 11 in article 43 and the Momerandum of Understanding (MoU) Number 430/MOU.4-HUK/2017, 430/718-Setda/2017 & 516/MOU.24-HUK-2017 on October 4, 2017 by the Banten Provincial Government, Serang City Government and Serang Regency Government. The implication of the research is to understand how the impact on the development of Banten Lama tourism area.

The Aswaja School is a cadre development forum organized by PMII Rayon Tarbiyah Walisongo with the main objective of internalizing the fundamental values of the organization, including its historical narratives, core principles, and Islamic teachings rooted in the Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah tradition. This article aims to critically examine how these values are internalized during the cadre formation process, particularly through the delivery of PMII's history, organizational principles, Aswaja values, and Mabadi Khaira Ummah. This study adopts a participatory qualitative approach in which the author was directly involved as both a participant and a researcher. The findings indicate that methods such as lectures, open discussions, and ideological reflections serve as essential tools in shaping the character of PMII cadres. The Aswaja School is not merely a platform for knowledge transfer but also a reflective and ideological space where cadres develop awareness of their identity and organizational responsibilities. The article recommends enhancing participatory approaches and contextual relevance in future cadre training programs of PMII.

This study aims to describe the planning of the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the implementation of using historical films in learning to write drama texts for Class XI.2 students at SMA Taruna Mandara, describe the students’ ability to write drama texts using historical films, and describe the students’ responses to the use of historical films in learning to write drama texts. This research used observation, interviews, documentation studies, and questionnaires as its methods. The analysis techniques used were descriptive qualitative and quantitative analysis. The results of this study are fourfold: (1) the planning for using historical films in learning to write drama texts includes the main objectives of using historical films, criteria for selecting historical films, the platforms used to select historical films, and the integration of historical films into the learning process, (2) the implementation consists of three stages: introduction, main activity, and closing, applying the discovery learning method, (3) the students’ learning outcomes using historical films in writing drama texts reached an average score of 82, categorized as good. (4) the students’ responses to the use of historical films in writing drama texts obtained an average score of 35.78, categorized as positive.

This article aims to recognize and understand the development of the story of Ahmad Al-Hasyimi. Ahmad Al-Hasyimi is one of the important figures in the science of balaghah who has made a major contribution to the development of the Arabic language, especially in the fields of rhetoric and literature. Through his famous work “Jawahir Al-Balaghah”, he succeeded in simplifying Balâghah so that it is easier to understand by Arabic language students and researchers. According to Ahmad Al-Hasyimi, the aim of his Balâghah is to convey meaning with clarity, beauty and attractiveness that can influence the reader or listener. Literature that uses methods by collecting secondary data in the form of journal papers, online articles.

The Aswaja School is a cadre development forum organized by PMII Rayon Tarbiyah Walisongo with the main objective of internalizing the fundamental values of the organization, including its historical narratives, core principles, and Islamic teachings rooted in the Ahlussunnah wal Jama’ah tradition. This article aims to critically examine how these values are internalized during the cadre formation process, particularly through the delivery of PMII's history, organizational principles, Aswaja values, and Mabadi Khaira Ummah. This study adopts a participatory qualitative approach in which the author was directly involved as both a participant and a researcher. The findings indicate that methods such as lectures, open discussions, and ideological reflections serve as essential tools in shaping the character of PMII cadres. The Aswaja School is not merely a platform for knowledge transfer but also a reflective and ideological space where cadres develop awareness of their identity and organizational responsibilities. The article recommends enhancing participatory approaches and contextual relevance in future cadre training programs of PMII.

The problems in this community service are: “Can teachers use documentary film media as a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 6 Palu? The objectives that can be achieved in this service are: (1). Documentary films are well documented and are expected to be a learning resource for students at SMA Negeri 3 Palu, (2) Documentary films can be a source of inspiration for history teachers both in teaching and in making teaching materials, (3) Documentary films can be well selected, which are adapted to subject matter based on the curriculum used. Assistance to the target audience, namely teachers and students to assist in utilizing documentary film learning media as a learning resource for History at SMA Negeri 3 Palu. The hope to be achieved through this community service is that teachers and students can benefit from the use of documentary film learning media in the learning process to improve the quality of both teaching and learning.

This study aims to examine the existence of the Church in the context of salvation history from the perspective of systematic theology, focusing on the role and vocation of the ecclesia as the community of God's people. The background of this study departs from the belief that the Church is not just a religious institution, but has an existential and historical basis in God's saving work. The Church acts as an extension of Christ's mission which is continued in the power of the Holy Spirit. In this research, the author uses a qualitative method with a literature study approach. The data sources consist of the Holy Bible, theological books related to the title, as well as relevant theological journal articles. This research was conducted to understand the relationship between the Church's identity and its participation in salvation history, both dogmatically and functionally. The results show that the Church is called to be an active witness in the work of salvation, by carrying out prophetic, liturgical, and social functions. As an ecclesia, the Church is not just a collection of individual believers, but a community that lives in relationship with Christ as the Head. The discussion emphasizes that the Church has a mandate to live in unity, holiness, catholicity, and apostolate, all of which are rooted in God's grace. In conclusion, the existence of the Church in salvation history is eschatological and missionary. The Church is called to be a sign and means of salvation, and to take part in the salvation of the world.

This research is motivated by the challenges in history learning which tend to be conventional and less interesting so that it has an impact on students' low understanding of history material. The use of digital technology through a virtual tour of the museum is an innovative alternative to present a more interactive and contextual learning experience. Wajakensis Museum as a regional museum with a collection of historical artifacts in Tulungagung has great potential as a learning resource rich in historical and cultural values. The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of utilizing the virtual tour of the Wajakensis Museum in improving students' understanding in history learning for class X SMAN 1 Kauman Tulungagung. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Wajakensis Museum virtual tour is effective in improving students' understanding of historical material by providing a more interesting, visual, and interactive learning experience. In addition, the use of virtual tours also increases student enthusiasm and participation during the learning process. Teachers and students stated that this media provides ease and efficiency of learning, especially in conditions of limited access to physical museums. The implications of this study indicate that the integration of technology in history learning can be a solution to improve the quality of history education and significantly enrich students' learning experiences.

This paper aims to explore and integrate three disciplines—philosophy, history, and biology—in order to strengthen and clarify the rational foundation of the Christian faith. Using a qualitative approach, the author examines the contributions of philosophy in formulating rational arguments for the existence of God, the historical connections in the development of the early church, and the accuracy of biblical narratives based on archaeological findings. Biology, particularly through the complex structure of DNA and the order found in living systems, is also viewed as evidence of a divine design underlying all of creation. Through the synthesis of these three disciplines, this article asserts that the Christian faith is not in conflict with reason and science but can be defended logically and scientifically. Thinkers such as Plantinga and Craig demonstrate how philosophical arguments and historical data support the validity of faith, while scientists like Francis Collins show how science can deepen our understanding of God's greatness. This integration is intended as a constructive response to the challenges of modernity and as a foundation for Christians to maintain a firm, intelligent, and relevant faith in the midst of changing times.

Compared to other Islamic financial institutions, Islamic cooperatives are one type of financial institution that is still less known in the community. This can be seen from the lack of familiarity of the term sharia cooperative to our society. This research is a qualitative research, in accordance with the object of study, this type of research is included in the category of library research, which is a systematic approach to collecting, analysing, and evaluating relevant information from various academic sources. By 2022, there were 3,912 active sharia savings and loan cooperatives (KSPPS) in Indonesia. This indicates a significant expansion in the number of Islamic cooperative institutions during this period when compared to the previous period, when there was a Covid-19.There needs to be an Islamic cooperative development strategy in Indonesia in order to optimise the role of Islamic cooperatives in improving the MSME sector in Indonesia.The element of need that is the main key in the development strategy of Islamic cooperatives in Indonesia to improve MSMEs is the need for strong support in the legal aspects of Islamic cooperatives (positive law and sharia law).

This research examines God as the initiator of cross-cultural missions through a case study of mission transformation in the life of the Apostle Peter. Departing from the existing research gap, namely the need to reflect on the nature of God who loves other nations through a change in Peter's perspective, this study aims to show that God is the initiator of salvation for all mankind. The significance of this study is to encourage the church to see cross-cultural missions as an important approach in transmitting God's love to those who have not yet repented. Using a descriptive-analytical method, this study finds that Peter's encounter with Cornelius was a crucial turning point in early Christian missionary work. The experience radically changed Peter's narrow understanding of who was worthy of receiving the gospel, extending from just Jews to all nations. The descent of the Holy Spirit upon Cornelius and his family is clear evidence to Peter that God's grace is impartial and available to every believer. This event was not only a personal lesson for Peter, but also a revelation of God that opened the door for the gospel to reach the Gentile world, fundamentally changing the course of church history.   Penelitian ini mengkaji Allah sebagai penggagas misi lintas budaya melalui studi kasus transformasi misi dalam kehidupan Rasul Petrus. Berangkat dari kesenjangan penelitian yang ada, yaitu kebutuhan untuk merefleksikan sifat Allah yang mengasihi bangsa lain melalui perubahan cara pandang Petrus, studi ini bertujuan untuk menunjukkan bahwa Allah adalah inisiator keselamatan bagi seluruh umat manusia. Signifikansi penelitian ini adalah untuk mendorong gereja agar melihat misi lintas budaya sebagai pendekatan penting dalam menularkan kasih Allah kepada mereka yang belum bertobat. Dengan menggunakan metode deskriptif-analitis, penelitian ini menemukan bahwa perjumpaan Petrus dengan Kornelius merupakan titik balik krusial dalam karya misi Kekristenan awal. Pengalaman tersebut secara radikal mengubah pemahaman sempit Petrus mengenai siapa yang layak menerima Injil, meluas dari hanya orang Yahudi menjadi semua bangsa. Turunnya Roh Kudus kepada Kornelius dan keluarganya menjadi bukti nyata bagi Petrus bahwa kasih karunia Allah tidak memandang bulu dan tersedia bagi setiap orang yang percaya. Peristiwa ini tidak hanya menjadi pelajaran pribadi bagi Petrus, melainkan juga wahyu Allah yang membuka pintu bagi Injil untuk menjangkau dunia non-Yahudi, secara fundamental mengubah arah sejarah gereja.

This study aims to analyze the use of Information and Communication Technology (ICT) in history learning at Madrasah Aliyah Darul Hikmah Tawangsari. The background of this study is based on the rapid development of ICT in the era ofe the industrial revolution 4.0 which has an impact on the education sector, especially in Islamic boarding school-based institutions. Thisc study usesa a qualitative descriptive method with data collection techniques in the form of observation, interviews, and documentation. The results of the study indicate that the Darul Hikmah Islamice Boarding Schoole has succeeded in integrating ICT into history learning through the preparation of a Learning Implementation Plan (RPP), preparation ofe learning media, and implementation of ICT-based learning. The application of ICT has been proven to increase students' interest, activeness, and understanding of history material. This study provides an overview of the strategy of ICT integration in history learning in the Islamic boarding school environment and its positive implications for the quality of learning.    

The article discusses about history and development of two main Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia, Islamic boarding schools and madrasahs are well-known educational institutions in the Islamic tradition. Islamic boarding schools, in particular, have existed as traditional institutions since the early period of Islam's spread throughout the Indonesian archipelago, with a dormitory-based education system and teaching of yellow books. Meanwhile, madrasahs emerged as a response to the need for more systematic and structured Islamic education, especially during the period of Islamic renewal and colonialism. Through a historical-descriptive approach. This paper examines the developmental trajectories and growth dynamics of the two institutions, as well as their important roles in shaping the identity and direction of Islamic education in Indonesia. The findings indicate that, despite differences in their educational approaches and systems, Islamic boarding schools and madrasahs function complementarily in fulfilling the roles of religious and social education within the community.

The Indonesian Ulema Council (MUI) has a very important role in providing religious and social guidance for Muslims in Indonesia. The history of the MUI began in 1975, with the aim of strengthening the unity of Muslims and issuing fatwas in accordance with Islamic teachings. Over time, the MUI has developed into a very influential institution in determining religious policies in Indonesia. One of the main commissions in the MUI is the Fatwa Commission, which is tasked with issuing fatwas related to current religious issues, especially in facing the challenges of the times and social problems that continue to develop. This study aims to explore the urgency of the role of the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas that are in accordance with the needs of the Indonesian people. In addition, this study also discusses the istinbath method applied by the MUI Fatwa Commission in issuing fatwas, as well as its application to contemporary issues. This istinbath method refers to the process of deriving law from the main sources of Islam, such as the Qur'an, Hadith, Ijma', and Qiyas, taking into account the existing social context and dynamics. The results of the study show that the MUI Fatwa Commission has a very great urgency in responding to various problems of Muslims, especially those related to modern issues such as sharia economics, technology, and health issues. Through the istinbath method, the MUI has succeeded in providing fatwas that are not only based on classical texts, but are also relevant to current developments. For example, in the matter of sharia economics, the MUI has issued a fatwa that supports the sharia financial system while still paying attention to the applicable fiqh rules.