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This study aims to determine the effect of internal motivation and transformational leadership on employee performance with spiritual intelligence as a moderating variable at the Lubuklinggau City Social Service. The background of this study is based on the importance of the role of human resources in achieving organizational goals and the decline in employee work productivity as seen from monthly performance achievement data. This study uses a quantitative approach with an associative method. The sample used was all 31 employees of the Lubuklinggau City Social Service, with a saturated sampling technique. Data were collected through observation, interviews, documentation, and questionnaires with a Likert scale. Data analysis was carried out using SmartPLS 3.0 software. The results of this study are expected to provide empirical evidence that internal motivation and transformational leadership have an effect on employee performance, and spiritual intelligence can moderate this effect. This study also provides theoretical contributions to the development of human resource management science and practical benefits in improving the performance of public organizations.

Practical Lectures and Community Service (KPPM) is a form of student service required by IAKN Tarutung, which is carried out in semester VI and lasts for three months. This program aims to improve community welfare and make the nation's life smarter through social activities that use science and technology. In pasaribu Village, doloksanggul District, KPPM activities are carried out with the aim of increasing children's learning motivation through private tutoring programs, encouraging a spirit of mutual cooperation with the community, and holding healthy exercise with PKK mothers. The research method used involved two main stages: initial observation to identify educational problems in schools, and implementation of a free private tutoring program every Friday for 60 minutes for elementary school children. Apart from that, mutual cooperation activities and healthy exercise with PKK mothers were carried out as part of efforts to improve community welfare and health.The results of KPPM activities show that private tutoring has succeeded in increasing children's interest and motivation in learning in pasaribu Village. An interactive learning approach adapted to school subjects helps children understand the material more easily. Mutual cooperation carried out with the community shows an increase in togetherness and citizen participation in social activities. Meanwhile, regularly held healthy exercise improves the fitness and health of PKK women, as well as strengthening social relations between them. The conclusion of this activity emphasizes the important role of students in serving society through education, health and other social activities. The KPPM program in pasaribu Village has succeeded in creating positive change by involving all levels of society in a joint effort to improve welfare and education.

This research is a type of Research and Development (R&D) aimed at producing an Electronic Student Worksheet (E-LKPD) based on Liveworksheets on the topic of the human digestive system for fifth-grade students at SDN 114/X Pandan Jaya, Tanjung Jabung Timur Regency. This product was developed to address the lack of interactive teaching materials in IPAS (Science) learning and to align learning with the characteristics of 21st-century learners who are familiar with digital technology. The development model used is ADDIE, which includes five stages: analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation. In the analysis stage, it was found that teachers had not yet used student worksheets in the learning process, while students showed high interest in digital learning media. The product was developed in accordance with the curriculum and student characteristics, and then validated by content experts (98.26%), language experts (93.33%), and media experts (84%), all of which fall into the very valid category. The product was then tested on teachers and students. The questionnaire results indicated that the E-LKPD is practical to use, with a practicality score of 98.18% from the teacher and 86% from students. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the Liveworksheets-based E-LKPD is valid, practical, and suitable to be used as an interactive teaching material in IPAS learning for fifth-grade elementary school students.

Carbon emission disclosure is a form of corporate concern aimed at maintaining emission levels below permitted thresholds through written disclosures in sustainability reports. One of the factors identified as influencing carbon emission disclosure is the demographic background of the board of directors, including age, nationality, and educational background. This study aims to examine the influence of the board of directors' demographic background on carbon emission disclosure. The population in this study consists of energy sector companies listed on the Indonesia Stock Exchange (IDX) during the 2021–2023 period. The sample was selected using a purposive sampling method, resulting in 117 observations. Learning theory serves as the theoretical basis for the analysis and interpretation of the findings. Data analysis was conducted using the Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) software. The results indicate that age, nationality, and education of the board of directors have a positive effect on carbon emission disclosure. The theoretical implication of this study is that demographic backgrounds of board members contribute to the adoption of environmental reporting practices. Practically, the findings are expected to provide useful information and considerations for companies, investors, and policymakers in decision-making processes.

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a crucial role in economic development, one of which is through the rapidly growing laundry service sector in Padang City. Roemah Laundry, as an MSME player in the laundry service sector, faces challenges in maintaining service quality and customer loyalty amidst intense competition. This study aims to examine the application of quality management, risk management, and pricing strategies implemented by Roemah Laundry to increase customer satisfaction and loyalty. The methods used include evaluating operational processes, quality control, employee training, as well as analyzing pricing strategies and risk management. The results of this study are expected to provide practical recommendations for Roemah Laundry to improve business effectiveness and serve as a reference for other MSME players in facing competition in the laundry service sector. Additionally, this study contributes to the development of MSME management science, particularly in improving service quality and sustainable business strategies.  

This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of dictionaries as repackaged information products at the Library of Universitas Perintis Indonesia. The research employed a qualitative approach using observation and interviews with librarians. The findings reveal that although both physical and digital dictionaries are available and in good condition, their utilization remains low. Dictionaries are only used when required for practical courses and are rarely accessed otherwise. Factors contributing to the low usage include limited promotion, insufficient information literacy, and the lack of integration between the dictionary collection and the academic curriculum. This situation results in the suboptimal contribution of dictionaries to students’ learning processes and information literacy. The study recommends strategies to increase dictionary utilization through active promotion, curriculum integration, information literacy training, and continuous evaluation. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for the development of academic library services, particularly in optimizing repackaged information products to support the learning needs of health science students.

This study aims to analyze the impact of recruiting Vocational High School (SMK) Mechanical Engineering graduates on the quality of education at the Naval Academy (AAL) Technical Corps. Using a mixed methods approach with quasi-experimental design, the research involved 160 Naval Academy cadets consisting of 80 cadets with SMK Mechanical Engineering background and 80 cadets with Senior High School Science background as control. Data were collected over 4 semesters through academic achievement instruments, technical competency tests, academic adaptation scales, and in-depth interviews. Results showed that although SMK cadets experienced initial academic adaptation challenges with lower GPA in the first semester (3.12 vs 3.28), this gap narrowed over time and even showed positive trends in the final semester (3.41 vs 3.38). SMK cadets demonstrated significant superiority in technical subjects such as Ship Propulsion Systems (85.2 vs 78.9) and Auxiliary Machinery (83.7 vs 76.4), particularly in practical components. In terms of social adaptation, the SMK group consistently showed higher scores throughout the research period. Learning style analysis revealed dominance of kinesthetic (47%) and visual (31%) preferences in the SMK group, different from the SHS group which preferred read/write (38%) and auditory (29%). These findings indicate that recruiting SMK Mechanical Engineering graduates has a positive impact on the quality of AAL education, particularly in applied technical competencies and social adaptation abilities. Educational background diversity can become a strategic strength if managed through appropriate bridging programs and diversification of learning methods that accommodate the diversity of cadet learning styles.

This study aims to analyze the effect of variations in body angle on propulsion force and water resistance in swimming athletes through a biomechanical approach. The background of the study is based on the importance of movement efficiency in swimming, where a less than optimal body position can increase the drag coefficient, thereby slowing swimming speed. The research method uses a quantitative experimental design involving professional and semi-professional level swimmers. The instruments used include a motion capture system to record body movements, force sensors to measure propulsion and water resistance, and biomechanical software to analyze force vectors and drag coefficients. The results show significant differences in swimming performance based on variations in body angle. At an angle of 0°, the average propulsion force generated is 145.3 N with a drag coefficient of 0.92. At an angle of 15°, the propulsion force increases to 162.7 N with the lowest drag coefficient of 0.78. Meanwhile, at an angle of 30°, the propulsion force decreases to 150.1 N with the drag coefficient again increasing to 0.88. These findings demonstrate that a 15° body angle is the most optimal position because it minimizes water resistance while maximizing propulsion, thereby increasing swimming efficiency. The implications of this study suggest that a biomechanical approach can be used as a reference in planning swimming training programs. In addition to contributing to the development of sports science, the results of this study also have practical benefits for athletes and coaches in developing more effective training strategies. Future research is recommended to expand the sample size and include various swimming styles to strengthen the generalizability of the results.

Leadership is a crucial element in society, especially in the context of education. Quality leadership plays an important role in managing resources in Islamic educational institutions to achieve the vision and mission that has been set. One of the interesting aspects of leadership is Islamic Leadership, which prioritizes transcendental values as a guide in leadership. In Wonosobo, Kyai Ahmad Muzaini played an important role in shaping the character and spirit of student leadership at Takhassus As-Sahro High School. He not only teaches religious science, but also guides students in developing leadership based on Islamic teachings. This study aims to examine the role of Kyai Ahmad Muzaini in improving students' Islamic Leadership skills, as well as the impact of programs implemented in the school. With a qualitative approach, this study found that Kyai Ahmad Muzaini's success in integrating religious knowledge with practical leadership skills made a significant contribution to the development of Islamic education in Indonesia. This research is expected to provide a clear picture of the application of Islamic Leadership in Islamic education and its impact on students' character, as well as recommendations for other Islamic schools in developing leadership programs based on Islamic values.

Law plays a fundamental role in creating order, balance, certainty, and benefit in social and state interactions. Legal science, as a dynamic discipline, continues to evolve along with its object of study, based on ethical, moral, and aesthetic principles. This article aims to analyze the relationship between legal codification as an effort to systematize and ensure legal certainty, and the existence and evolution of legal science in the context of modern legal development. This research adopts a normative legal method, focusing on the examination of primary and secondary legal materials, as well as legal analysis as norms and texts. The findings show that legal codification, which emerged from the need for legal certainty and unity, was greatly influenced by Enlightenment political thought, such as the concept of the separation of powers and the doctrine of popular sovereignty. Meanwhile, legal science, rooted in the philosophical foundations of ontology, epistemology, and axiology, faces challenges between theoretical depth and practical demands, yet remains steadfast in its authentic goal of achieving justice. The development of modern law demands a balance between the formal certainty offered by codification and the dynamic nature of legal science in achieving justice amid societal complexity, driving continuous adaptation and reflection.  

The development of information technology has driven the need for digital literacy skills that include not only technical aspects, but also critical thinking skills, visual communication, and digital ethics, which are very relevant for students. This study aims to explore the use of Canva as a means to redesign digital literacy information into infographic format by students of the Islamic library and information science (IPII). The method applied is descriptive qualitative with data collection through semi-structured interviews and observations. The findings of this study show that students can combine digital literacy content with attractive and communicative visual designs using Canva. Despite facing several obstacles such as limited premium features and dependence on internet connections, students still feel that Canva is an efficient and easy-to-use tool. This study emphasizes the importance of strengthening the curriculum that combines digital literacy and visual design to support students' communication skills in the digital era. The practical implications of this study encourage universities to provide training on infographic design and access to technology-based design platforms.

This research aims to: 1) Examine the content of the Tanwirul Qori' book used in teaching tajwid science at Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Gandusari, 2) Determine the implementation of tajwid learning in improving the fluency of first-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Gandusari, 3) Determine the level of fluency of first-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Gandusari in reading the Al-Qur'an, and 4) Identify the supporting and inhibiting factors for the implementation of tajwid learning in improving the fluency of first-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Gandusari. This research uses a qualitative field approach with data collection methods through observation, interviews, and documentation. Informants in this study include the caretaker of Pondok Pesantren Fathul Ulum Gandusari and ustadz/ustadzah teaching the Tanwirul Qori' book. Data analysis was carried out through stages of data collection, data reduction, data presentation, and drawing conclusions. The results of this study show that the implementation of learning the Tanwirul Qori' book at this Madrasah involves several methods, such as lecture methods, rotating book readings, direct practice, and evaluation through questions and practical exams. These methods have proven effective in improving students' fluency in reading the Al-Qur'an. Students who previously did not understand the laws of tajwid, and some who did not even know the hijaiyah letters, experienced significant improvement after participating in learning with this book. More than 75% of students showed improved ability to read the Al-Qur'an according to the rules of tajwid science.

Graphology is a science that studies a person's personality and character through handwriting. This activity aims to introduce Sahid University Surakarta students to graphological analysis methods as a tool for understanding themselves and others. This seminar was conducted as part of a community service program, with a target audience of students and the general public. The method used in this service is the lecture method. The resource person also uses lecture and practice methods which are more effective and can be used in the community service process. The results of the activity showed that participants gained new insights into their potential and practical techniques to improve interpersonal understanding.

Cartography is a field that combines science and art in the creation of maps to present geographical information in a visual format. In this regard, cartography plays a vital role in simplifying complex and abstract geographical data, making it easier to understand and use. Maps allow for the representation of geographical phenomena through symbols, colors, and other visual elements, which facilitate analysis and decision-making. Furthermore, technological advancements, such as Geographic Information Systems (GIS) and satellite- based digital mapping, have enhanced cartography's ability to provide more accurate and dynamic data. This article discusses the role of cartography in presenting geographical data by highlighting visualization techniques, the use of the latest technologies, and its practical applications across various sectors. Therefore, cartography is not just a tool for creating maps but also an essential means of analyzing and understanding more complex geographical data.

The rapid advancement of science and technology in the early 20th century has resulted in information technology and production systems that can be set up automatically. The changes in Industry 4.0 that are taking place in Indonesia have given birth to various technological innovations and caused major transformations in people's social lives. One of the sectors that is most felt because of the implementation of the industrial revolution 4.0 is in the development aspect in the world of education. In the period after the covid-19 pandemic, the role of technology is very dominant in education. Educators and students need technology or platforms that support distance learning activities and still have good interactions, so that the classroom remains not boring or fun and productive. Canva is one of the applications that is able to overcome these challenges. Canva for Education is one of Canva's programs designed specifically to support teaching and learning activities. This service is intended for educators and students to make the learning process more interesting, innovative, and encourage collaboration. The article aims to identify a number of issues that Canva can have with and the extent of its effectiveness as a supporting medium in IPAS learning. Canva is an application that provides various features that support the process of creating learning media by educators, including a variety of templates that can be used in the design process practically. This study uses a literature review approach, with the stages of identifying, accessing, reading, and analyzing a number of literature related to the problem being studied. The data presented in this study comes from the results of a previous study that examined the  Canva's performance as a tool in learning activities.

This study aims to analyze the strategy of natural science laboratory management in improving the quality of practicums in senior high schools. This study uses a literature review approach by examining various academic sources related to laboratory management. The results of the analysis indicate that effective laboratory management includes five main strategies, namely management of equipment, materials, data, laboratory personnel training, and cost budgeting. The success of implementing this strategy depends on the implementation of supporting factors such as work safety, infrastructure quality, personnel capabilities and excellent data management systems. However, there are still many obstacles, including limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of professionals, inadequate budgets, and optimal planning and implementation of practices. Comprehensive improvements in laboratory management are expected to enable learning science to be implemented in a more optimal and sustainable manner.

This study is a literature review aimed at examining the effectiveness of the guided inquiry model based on STEM in enhancing students’ critical thinking skills. The guided inquiry model provides a structured framework for students to explore problems under teacher guidance, while the STEM (Science, Technology, Engineering, and Mathematics) approach promotes interdisciplinary, contextual, and practical learning. Through an analysis of various relevant articles and scholarly journals, the findings indicate that the implementation of the guided inquiry model integrated with STEM consistently improves students' critical thinking abilities, particularly in areas such as analysis, evaluation, and reasoning. The study also highlights the crucial role of teachers as active facilitators in the learning process and the need for adequate resources to effectively apply this approach. The results of this review are expected to serve as a reference for educators and researchers in developing innovative and 21st-century-oriented learning strategies.

This research is motivated by the problem of the available LKPD still not being This research is motivated by the problem of the available LKPD still not being optimal in terms of development and use so that students are less interested in participating in learning. This is due to the lack of teacher motivation in creating innovative LKPD. Have never developed Student Worksheets (LKPD) based on Project Based Learning (PjBL) in learning, especially in science and science learning. Based on these problems, this research aims to develop PjB-based LKPD for science and science learning in class IV elementary schools that is valid, practical and effective. The type of research carried out is development research using the ADDIE development model. The test school was class IV students at SDN 12 Sintuk Toboh Gadang, while the research school was class IV students at SDN 11 Lubuk Alung. The research results obtained that the LKPD had a material validity level of 84.9%, language validity 88.8%, media validity 87.5% in the valid category. while the practicality test at the trial school obtained a percentage of 93.33%, for the teacher response questionnaire and 93.4% for the student response questionnaire in the very practical category. Furthermore, the practicality test at the research school obtained results of 90% for the teacher response questionnaire and 92.16% for the student response questionnaire in the very practical category. In the LKPD effectiveness test in the trial school the percentage was 89.64% and in the research school the percentage was 93% with both categories being very effective. It can be concluded that PjBL-based LKPD in grade IV elementary school science learning can be declared valid, practical and effective for use in the learning process.

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.

This research is motivated because the teaching materials used are still conventional and students' understanding of problem solving is still in the low category. Therefore, this study aims to develop research and improve the validity, practicality and effectiveness of the Science learning module for Class V MI Muhajirin, Jambi City. Reach and Development (R&D) consists of four stages, namely, define, design, develop and disseminate. This type of research is Research and Development (R&D). This research was conducted at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Al-Muhajirin, Jambi City. The instruments used were assessment questionnaires, teacher and student interview sheets along with test questions. The subjects in this study were grade V students consisting of 20 students. The results of this study indicate that the level of validity of the application of the learning module shows a percentage of 80% included in the very effective category, the level of practicality shows 92.8% with a very practical category and the level of effectiveness shows a percentage of 64.2% with a very valid category.