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Student learning independence can be stimulated by providing problems at the beginning of learning that must be solved. One example of a problem for teaching materials is the problem of students' polluted environment. Modules are one type of teaching material that can be designed systematically and used by students in the independent learning process. By applying a problem-based learning model to the environmental pollution learning module, it can be used as teaching material that trains students' learning independence by finding problems for the learning process and achieving learning objectives. This study aims to develop and determine the feasibility of a problem-based learning module on environmental pollution material for junior high school students in grade VII. The model used in developing the module is a model that has the steps of analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation (ADDIE). The module material is developed by first analyzing the needs of teaching materials, then continuing with analyzing the curriculum used and collecting materials from various sources. The module is then validated by a material expert who obtained a score of 90% and validation by a media expert who obtained a score of 92.5%. This module has also been tested on grade VII science teachers with a score of 96% and tested on students and obtained a score of 83%. Based on the validation and trial results, this module is included in the category of very suitable for use in learning.

This study aims to describe the influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of photosynthesis materials in grade IV elementary schools. The method used in this study is an experimental method with a quasi-experimental type. The design in the study is a non-equivalent control group design. The design of this study involves two classes, the experimental class, namely IV-B, is learning using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model and the control class, namely class IV-C, is learning using the conventional learning model. The sample used was 54 students in grades IV-B and IV-C SD YPI Darussalam. The data collection technique uses a learning outcome test. Based on the results of the study in the Independent Sample T-test which showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000 ≤ 0.05 which means less than 0.05, then H0 and Ha were accepted, which means that there is an influence of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of photosynthesis materials in grade IV elementary school.

This study aims to improve the learning outcomes of seventh grade students on the material of Linear Equation One Variable (PLSV) and Linear Inequality One Variable (PtSLV) through the application of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) learning model. This research is a Classroom Action Research (PTK) conducted in two cycles at Bustanul Ulum Pakusari Islamic Junior High School. Each cycle consists of planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed that in cycle I the average score of students was 69.3 with a completeness rate of 69%, while in cycle II there was an increase in the average score to 74.3 with a completeness rate of 74%. In addition, the activeness of students in the learning process increased from 76% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. The application of the PBL model is able to increase the active involvement and learning motivation of female students, and has a positive impact on improving learning outcomes. Thus, the application of the PBL model is effective in improving the quality of mathematics learning, especially in PLSV and PtSLV material.

This study aims to determine the effect of the Reciprocal Teaching learning model on the reading comprehension ability of news texts among seventh-grade students at SMP Negeri 2 Hiliduho. The research employed a quasi-experimental method with a Nonequivalent Control Group Design. The pretest results showed that the initial abilities of students in the experimental and control classes were comparable, with average scores of 64.57 and 65.87, respectively. After the treatment, the experimental class showed a significant increase, achieving a posttest average of 81.52, while the control class only reached 74.35. The Reciprocal Teaching model proved effective in creating a collaborative learning environment, encouraging students to think critically, engage in discussions, and teach one another. In contrast, the control class, which used the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model, demonstrated lower participation and higher dependence on the teacher. The hypothesis test showed a significance value of 0.001 < 0.05, indicating that the alternative hypothesis (Ha) was accepted and the null hypothesis (Ho) was rejected. These results indicate a significant effect of the Reciprocal Teaching model on students’ ability to comprehend news texts. Therefore, this model is recommended as an effective teaching strategy to enhance students’ reading comprehension, particularly in news text material at the junior high school level.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes by reviewing 15 national journal articles published between 2018 and 2024. The results show that PBL significantly enhances students’ abilities in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, with improvements ranging from 7.1% to 83.3%. PBL encourages students to think critically, participate more actively in learning, and develop problem-solving skills through real and relevant situations. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited teacher training, inadequate facilities, and difficulties in shifting from conventional methods to this new approach. Based on the analysis, three main factors determine the success of PBL: appropriate learning design, the teacher’s ability to guide the PBL process, and the availability of supporting learning resources. The most significant positive impacts are seen among fifth-grade students and in schools located in the Java region. In conclusion, PBL is highly effective when supported by proper teacher training and adaptation to field conditions. Therefore, further teacher development programs and additional research on the long-term effects of implementing this model are strongly recommended.

This study aims to systematically examine the use  of interactive physics e-modules based in Problem-Based Learning (PBL) in improving students’ critical and creative thinking skills. The research method employed a Systematic Literature Review (SLR) following the PRISMA protocol. Literature search was conducted through online databases such as Google Scholar, Garuda, OneSearch, and Publish or Perish using keywords: “interactive e-module”, “problem-based learning”, “students’ critical thinking”, “students’ creative thingking”, and “physics learning media”. After applying inclusion-exclusion criteria, 30  relevant articles were selected for analysis. The findings indicate that PBL-based e-modules are effective in enhancing higher-order thinking skills, particularly in analyzing problems, providing logical arguments, and generating innovative solutions. Moreover, interavtive e-modules contribute significantly to increasing student motivation and active participation during the learning process. Therefore, the use of PBL-based interactive physics e-modules can serve as a strategic alternative for educational innovation in the digital era, especially in fortering students’ critical and creative thinking abilities.

This study aims to examine the effect of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model in Physical Education learning for volleyball at SMK Candra Naya Jakarta. The research method used was an experiment with a One Group Pretest-Posttest design. The sample consisted of 39 eleventh-grade students selected using Cluster Random Sampling technique. The research instrument was a test of overhead and underhand passing skills in volleyball. The results showed that the average pretest score of 14.05 increased to 17.77 in the posttest, with hypothesis testing (Paired Samples Test) yielding tcount > ttable (9.833) and a significance of 0.000 (p < 0.05). This proves that the PBL model significantly improves students' volleyball passing skills. Additionally, PBL encourages active participation, teamwork, and critical thinking skills. Therefore, the PBL model can be an innovative alternative in Physical Education learning, particularly for volleyball.

Mathematics learning in elementary schools still faces several challenges, including low student motivation and critical thinking skills. One innovative solution is the implementation of the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of PBL in improving elementary students’ conceptual understanding and critical thinking in mathematics. This research employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles involving fifth-grade students at [School Name] Elementary School. Data were collected through observations, tests, interviews, and documentation. The results show that the implementation of the PBL model increased student engagement, problem-solving ability, and the average score of conceptual understanding in mathematics. Therefore, PBL is proven to be effective in fostering meaningful learning and promoting higher-order thinking skills. It is recommended that elementary mathematics teachers integrate PBL as a student-centered learning approach.

Pancasila Education is a compulsory subject taught at every level of education, from elementary to higher education, with the aim of shaping students’ attitudes and behaviors based on the values of Pancasila in their daily lives. This study aims to describe the teacher's strategies in implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model to enhance students' critical thinking skills in the Pancasila Education subject for fourth-grade students at SD Negeri 5 Penatih. The research focuses on three main aspects: (1) the implementation of PBL by teachers in improving students’ critical thinking in the topic "Pancasila as the Foundation of My Country", (2) the supporting and inhibiting factors in applying the PBL model, and (3) the implications of PBL implementation on the learning process and outcomes. This study employs a qualitative approach with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The findings reveal that the teacher’s strategy in applying PBL involves three key stages: planning (designing contextual and relevant problems), implementation (the teacher acting as a facilitator during group discussions), and evaluation (assessing students’ thinking processes). Supporting factors for the successful application of PBL include teacher competence, student motivation, a conducive learning environment, and curriculum support. On the other hand, limited instructional time and low student participation present challenges that need to be addressed. The implications of PBL implementation include enhanced critical thinking skills, improved collaboration abilities, and the development of student character as reflective, open-minded, and responsible individuals. Learning becomes more engaging, meaningful, and interactive as students are actively involved in solving real-life problems related to their everyday experiences.

In the learning process, teachers have not employed a variety of instructional models that align with the diverse learning styles of the students, resulting in a diminished interest in learning among the participants. Accordingly, it is anticipated that this study will enable teachers to engage students more effectively in the learning process, thereby cultivating a greater interest in learning. The objective of this research is to enhance the learning outcomes of students on the subject of Plant Growth and Development by implementing the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung. This study is a qualitative descriptive research. Data collection techniques include questionnaires, interviews, and document analysis. The research design employed is Classroom Action Research (CAR). The subjects of the study are 20 students from class XIA who experienced the implementation of the Problem Based Learning model. Data were gathered using both tests and observations. Classically, the students’ learning outcomes improved from 70% in cycle I to 100% in cycle II. Consequently, it can be concluded that the application of the Problem Based Learning method has enhanced the learning outcomes of the students in class XIA of the specialized program at SMA Kristen Tumou Tou Girian Bitung.  

This study aims to analyze the application of problem-based learning models (PBL) in improving students' creative thinking skills. Creative thinking skills are one of the 21st century skills that are very much needed in facing future challenges. Problem-based learning models are seen as an effective approach to developing creative thinking skills because they provide students with the opportunity to explore innovative solutions to contextual problems. The research method used is a literature study by analyzing various relevant literature sources from 2019-2024. The results of the analysis show that the application of problem-based learning models can improve students' creative thinking skills through the stages of problem orientation, organizing students to learn, guiding individual and group investigations, developing and presenting work results, and analyzing and evaluating the problem-solving process. The conclusion of this study shows that problem-based learning models have proven effective in improving students' creative thinking skills with indicators of fluency, flexibility, originality, and elaboration.

This conceptual study examines the implementation of the Project-Based Learning (PBL) model, supported by digital media tools such as Simplebooklet and Canva, in Social Studies learning for sixth-grade students at SDN 1 Bangoan. The study arises from the need for contextual, engaging, and student-centred learning as a response to the typically theoretical and less interactive nature of Social Studies instruction. Through the integration of digital media, students can engage in meaningful projects that foster critical thinking, collaboration, creativity, and digital literacy. The learning process includes stages such as problem formulation, project planning, product development, and reflection. This study presents a conceptual overview showing that implementing the PjBL model with the support of Simplebooklet and Canva can enhance student engagement and strengthen understanding of the subject matter.

This study was motivated by the low learning outcomes of students in Physics subjects in class XII MIPA 7 at SMAN 1 Cikalongwetan, where most students had not reached the minimum mastery criteria. The purpose of this research was to improve student learning outcomes through the implementation of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model. The study employed a Classroom Action Research (CAR) method conducted in two cycles, each consisting of two meetings. Each cycle included planning, action, observation, and reflection stages. Data were collected through observations and written tests. The results showed an improvement in student learning outcomes after the implementation of the PBL model, as indicated by the increased number of students achieving scores above the minimum standard and a higher percentage of overall mastery. These findings suggest that the Problem-Based Learning model can be an effective solution to enhance student achievement in Physics. The implication of this study emphasizes the importance of the teacher’s role in designing student-centered learning and facilitating critical thinking and problem-solving skills.

This study aims to improve student learning outcomes in Mathematics, especially simple fractions, through the application of the Problem Based Learning learning model. The background of this study is based on the need for an effective learning approach and encourage active student participation in learning simple fractions. The Problem Based Learning learning model is one of the learning approaches used to improve learning outcomes in Mathematics. This study applies the Problem Based Learning learning model to grade III students at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok in the 2024/2025 academic year. The study method used in this study is Classroom Action Research. Classroom action studies are applied through two cycles. Each cycle consists of four processes that are applied sequentially, namely planning, acting, observing, and reflecting. The class that is the subject of this study is grade I students with a total of 21 people. In the initial conditions, the average student score was 62.25. After implementing the first cycle, where the teacher applied the learning practice, the results obtained were that in cycle I, the average class score increased to 67.25, and in cycle II, the average score increased to 77.75. Through the action study applied through two cycles, a significant increase was obtained. Thus, it can be concluded that the Problem Based Learning learning model is effective in improving Mathematics learning outcomes in simple fractions in class III at SDN 001 Barong Tongkok

Mathematics learning does not only focus on students' mastery of numbers, but also functions significantly in developing the ability to solve problems holistically. This skill is not something that is taught separately, but is integrated into the entire educational process, offering a real context so that mathematical concepts and abilities can be understood and applied. One approach that is highly recommended to achieve this is Problem Based Learning (PBL). This method has been proven effective in improving students' critical thinking skills through exploration and solving relevant problems, allowing students' knowledge to grow in a constructive way. The low achievement in problem-solving competency in Indonesia is a strong reason to apply PBL in mathematics teaching. This study aims to analyze the literature on the application of PBL to improve students' problem-solving abilities. Data were collected and analyzed from relevant journals, and testing and comparison of results were carried out to identify patterns and results from previous studies. In addition, this study also applies a bibliometric approach to explore publication trends, keywords, and the development of themes related to PBL in mathematics education. The analysis was carried out using VOSviewer software to map the relationship between topics and the progress of PBL research themes in the world of mathematics education.

At several levels of education, particularly at SMP Dewantara in Bekasi Regency, students continue to face difficulties in achieving satisfactory learning outcomes in the Islamic Religious Education (PAI) subject. The predominantly lecture-based teaching style in class IX.A has not been effective in encouraging active student participation, resulting in low mastery of the subject matter. The aim of this study is to improve learning outcomes by integrating the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model into PAI instruction. This study involved 12 students from class IX.A as subjects and was conducted over two cycles using a collaborative Classroom Action Research (CAR) strategy. Data were analyzed both qualitatively and quantitatively through observations, tests, and interviews. Based on the collected data, students' average scores increased significantly from 76.67 before the intervention to 98.33 in the second cycle. Learning mastery also improved from 58% to 100%. By creating a more dynamic, collaborative, and real-world-relevant learning environment, the PBL approach proved effective in helping students gain a deeper understanding of the subject matter.

The problem-based learning (PBL) model is an approach that directs students to learn and work together to solve problems in the real world. Referring to the results of observations that researchers conducted at SMPN 2 nganjuk, still using a conventional learning model. This can be seen from the knowledge and skills of students who have not met the minimum standards set by the school. So that researchers provide solutions in the form of applying PBL-based learning models in the subject matter of long jump hanging style. This study aims to develop and test the feasibility of PBL-based long jump hanging style learning model products. This type of study is Research and Development (R&D) whose stages include conducting needs analysis, identifying learning models, developing learning models, evaluation, small group tests and large group tests. This research data collection uses instruments in the form of observations, interviews, and questionnaires. The results of the percentage calculation by 2 learning experts amounted to 97.08% and the average of the material experts was 95.00%. Furthermore, for the small group trial, 3 PJOK teachers got an average score of 92.16% and the value of 12 VIII grade students averaged 94.44%. As for the large group test on 4 PJOK teachers obtained an average of 93.75% and the value of 34 VIII grade students averaged 96.74%. So it is concluded that the product development of a PBL-based learning model for long jump hanging style material for class VIII SMP Negeri 2 Nganjuk is declared very feasible to use.

This class action research was carried out on grade VI students of SD N Sukamaju, Megamendung District, Bogor Regency, for the 2024/2025 Academic Year, to improve mathematics learning outcomes, especially in ratio materials. The Problem-Based learning (PBL) model is applied in two cycles, each of which includes planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. The results showed an increase in student enthusiasm from 35.00% in the initial condition to 60.00% in the first cycle and 75.00% in the second cycle. An increase was also seen in learning outcomes, which increased from 65.65% in cycle I to 91.30% in cycle II. Students' activity in understanding the concept of ratio increased from 60.00% in cycle I to 90.00% in cycle II, while learning satisfaction based on questionnaires increased from 72.50% to 92.50%. The teacher's ability to implement PBL also developed from a fairly good category with a score of 1.9 to very good with a score of 3.24 in the first cycle and 3.9 in the second cycle. The final evaluation showed an increase in student learning completeness from 35.00% in the initial condition to 60.00% in the first cycle and 95.00% in the second cycle, with the average class increasing from 57.50 to 70.00 in the first cycle and 81.75 in the second cycle. These findings indicate that the PBL approach effectively improves student engagement and learning outcomes in understanding the concept of ratios.

This study aims to systematically examine various mathematics learning strategies based on deep learning approaches that can enhance elementary school students’ motivation and academic achievement. In the context of education, deep learning refers to learning processes that emphasize conceptual understanding, interrelated knowledge, and the development of critical and reflective thinking skills. Using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method, this research analyzes 20 relevant scholarly articles published between 2015 and 2024, sourced from leading databases such as Google Scholar. The review findings indicate that strategies such as problem-based learning (PBL), project-based learning (PJBL), metacognitive strategies, and the use of interactive learning technologies consistently improve student engagement, foster intrinsic motivation, and enhance mathematics learning outcomes. These findings suggest that integrating deep learning-based instructional strategies is highly relevant for elementary mathematics education, aiming to create more meaningful, student-centered learning experiences.

This study aims to obtain the validity of E-LAPD using the Problem Based Learning (PBL) model that can be used to improve science literacy on chemical equilibrium material. The design used is a 4-D model designed to improve students' science literacy skills. The valid E-LAPD was evaluated through a validation sheet filled in by the validator using a Likert scale. Validity consists of construct validity which includes presentation components, graphic components, suitability of models and indicators to be improved and content validation which includes the suitability of learning objectives with learning outcomes and the suitability of problems or phenomena with the material being taught.  The validity of E-LAPD is declared valid if the score from the validator is at least 4 and does not have one score < 3 from the validator. The results showed that the E-LAPD developed had high validity indicating that the mode score of the validator ≥ 4. The developed E-LAPD was declared valid for use with a construct and content validation assessment which was described as valid with a score of 4, thus E-LAPD using the PBL model was declared valid for use to improve science literacy in chemical equilibrium material.