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The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

The purpose of this study was to illuminate how students understand various types of sentences, especially single sentences, compound sentences, and compound sentences, and to develop and implement flipbooks as a learning aid in grade V of SD Negeri 12 Kota Langsa. This study was conducted through a qualitative approach using observation, interviews, and documentation to collect data. The results showed that conventional learning methods and the lack of interactive media caused most students to still have difficulty in distinguishing the structure and use of sentence types. There is evidence that the use of visual and interactive flipbook media can improve students' understanding and encourage them to actively participate in the learning process. Flipbooks are able to create a more interesting and meaningful learning environment, despite technical constraints such as limited digital devices. This study found that flipbooks are an effective alternative for teaching Indonesian to elementary school students by improving their language skills.

Mathematics plays a crucial role in everyday life, as it enhances students' abilities to absorb lessons more effectively and develop rational, critical, logical, analytical, and systematic thinking. This study employs the literature review method, which involves gathering relevant information from various sources to support the research topic. The author collects references from articles and journals using Google Scholar, an open-access database that simplifies the process of locating topic-specific materials. Difficulties faced by students in learning mathematics are not always due to a lack of mathematical knowledge. They may stem from other issues such as memory problems, difficulty in recalling mathematical problems, weak calculation skills, confusion with operational signs, or reversing numbers. Students with learning disabilities may particularly struggle with both mathematical reasoning and basic computation. Furthermore, mathematical learning difficulties are also associated with cognitive challenges, such as solving complex word problems and understanding numerical concepts. These learning difficulties often result from internal and external factors that hinder the brain’s ability to process, analyze, and retain mathematical information effectively.

The purpose of this research is to determine the factors causing learning difficulties experienced by eighth-grade students. This research is motivated by the symptoms that occur in students during history learning. Symptoms often experienced by students include getting bored quickly, difficulty concentrating, laziness, drowsiness, and saturation during history learning. In contrast, only a few students experience learning difficulties in other social studies subjects like economics and geography. This research uses a qualitative approach and descriptive research type. There are three data collection techniques used in this research: observation, interviews, and documentation. Observations are conducted directly by the researcher to obtain valid data. The data analysis technique used includes data condensation, data display, and drawing conclusions.

This thesis discusses of peer lesson-based active learning in motivating the learning of morals at MTs Al-huda Dendang, Tanjung Jabung Timur regency. Find out how of peer lesson-based active learning in motivating learning morality at MTs Al-huda Dendang and to find out the supporting and inhibiting factors active learning based on peer lesson in motivating learning morality in MTs Al-huda Dendang, east Tanjung Jabung Timur regency, Jambi Province. This research is a qualitative research is done by using interview, observation, and documentation techniques. The result is that of peer lesson-based active learning is one way to teach students to understand the material from their peers so that they can increase students’ self-confidence to be active in learning which ultimately result in maximum learning success. And the supporting factors for of active learning based on peer lesson in motivating the learning of morality, namely the teacher’s ability to guide students to be more active and creative, guiding students to get used to developing courage in asking questions and opinions. As for the inhibiting factors, such as students still having difficulty understand and remembering the material taught by their friends, overall students are less active in participating in morals learning activities, and difficulties in setting the time for learning activities.

Beby Melati (NIM: 20030003) conducted research on "Using the Al-Hira Method in Accelerating Understanding of Al-Qur'an Reading in RA Yaa Bunayya, Mompang Julu Village, North Panyabungan District." This research aims to evaluate the effectiveness of the Al-Hira' method in improving the ability to read the Al-Qur'an in early childhood. The background is that there are still students who have difficulty reading the Al-Qur'an even though they have used the Iqra' method. The research method used is Classroom Action Research (PTK) using the Kemmis and McTanggart model. This research involved 10 children aged 5-6 years. The research results show that applying the Al-Hira' method can speed up the process of learning to read the Al-Qur'an. In cycle I, 50% of children showed development as expected, while in cycle II, 40% of children achieved very good development. Inhibiting factors in implementing this method include difficulties in distinguishing hijaiyah letters and students' lack of focus. Meanwhile, support from teachers and a conducive learning environment are supporting factors. In conclusion, the Al-Hira' method is effective in improving comprehension of reading the Al-Qur'an at RA Yaa Bunayya, making a significant contribution to early childhood education.

The Independent Curriculum is a curriculum implemented by the government as a new guideline for education in Indonesia. With the various curricula in Indonesia, all elements in educational institutions must be able to adjust to them. This is what can cause learning difficulties, especially for students. The objectives of this study are: 1. To find out the learning difficulties experienced by students, 2. To find out the factors that cause students' learning difficulties, 3. To find out solutions to overcome students' learning difficulties. In this study, the researcher used a qualitative method to find out the results of an in-depth analysis of the resource persons. Learning problems faced by students in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda were found, namely: 1) Attention, 2) Memory, 3) The level of students' absorption in understanding information, 4) Academic and 5) Social. Then the factors that cause students to experience difficulties in the Economics lesson of the Independent Curriculum for class 10 MA Darul Huda are Internal Factors, namely: a) Psychology and Mental and b) Emotional and Bad Attitude Habits. Then in External Factors there are: a) Family, b) School, and c) Community, So that solutions are obtained to overcome student learning problems, namely: 1. Counseling Guidance 2. Establishing Cooperation with Parents of Students 3. Principal's assessment of teachers 4. Teacher assessment of students.    

This study aims to identify and describe the most effective teaching strategies in improving level 3 fluent reading skills in lower grade elementary school students. Level 3 fluent reading skills include the ability to read at an appropriate speed, expressive intonation, and good comprehension of reading content. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores and analyzes various learning techniques that have been proven to support the improvement of reading fluency in early childhood. The research findings reveal that the application of explicit teaching methods, repetition in reading exercises, the use of paired reading techniques, the use of reading texts with levels of difficulty, and active involvement from parents, can synergistically encourage the development of students' reading skills significantly. This study provides important contributions both theoretically and practically, especially for educators, in designing systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable reading learning programs to improve students' literacy competencies from an early age.

This study aims to identify and describe the most effective teaching strategies in improving level 3 fluent reading skills in lower grade elementary school students. Level 3 fluent reading skills include the ability to read at an appropriate speed, expressive intonation, and good comprehension of reading content. Through a descriptive qualitative approach, this study explores and analyzes various learning techniques that have been proven to support the improvement of reading fluency in early childhood. The research findings reveal that the application of explicit teaching methods, repetition in reading exercises, the use of paired reading techniques, the use of reading texts with levels of difficulty, and active involvement from parents, can synergistically encourage the development of students' reading skills significantly. This study provides important contributions both theoretically and practically, especially for educators, in designing systematic, comprehensive, and sustainable reading learning programs to improve students' literacy competencies from an early age.

This study was motivated by the need to understand the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. Curriculum changes often pose challenges in their implementation, especially in terms of literacy in elementary school students. In addition, there are factors that influence student literacy such as the change from the 2013 curriculum to the independent curriculum, lack of support and attention from parents to students, and support from student schools. The purpose of this study was to identify the impact of changing the education curriculum on elementary school students. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with a literature study design. The literature review was conducted by examining information collected from primary and secondary data sources, including citing relevant references. The results of the study indicate that the implementation of the independent curriculum also raises concerns about students' basic skills, especially in terms of reading because many students in Indonesia have difficulty reading, which can have a negative impact on their learning achievement in the future. Therefore, the results of this study are expected to contribute to the understanding and implementation of the independent curriculum in children's literacy

This study aims to analyze the initial writing skills of grade 1 Elementary School students. Initial writing is the initial stage for students in recognizing letter shapes, composing syllables, and being able to write simple words and sentences. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The results of the analysis show that the writing skills of grade 1 students vary greatly, influenced by fine motor readiness, the learning environment, and the role of teachers in providing appropriate exercises. Most students still have difficulty in writing letters with the correct and neat shape. Therefore, an interesting and repetitive learning strategy is needed so that students can improve their writing skills gradually.

The 21st century demands the mastery of creative thinking skills that are essential for every individual. At SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo, grade V teachers have implemented creative learning strategies, such as the use of group presentation tasks to train students to face future difficulties. This study aimed to describe the implementation of creative thinking skills of grade V students, specifically related to four important aspects, namely fluency, flexibility, originality and detail. This analysis used a descriptive qualitative methodology, with research respondents including school leaders, grade V educators and students. The data collection strategies applied were interviews, observation, and documentation. The collected data were analyzed through the stages of collection, reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The results of the analysis prove that the creative skills of grade V students have met the criteria based on four aspects. In the aspect of fluency, most students meet two of the three indicators, namely there are still students who feel reluctant to ask questions when they become an audience. In the aspect of flexibility, students were able to meet two of the three indicators, but some students were not able to classify ideas based on different criteria. All students met the indicators in the aspect of originality, as evidenced by their ability to find unique ideas in group discussions. In the aspect of detail, all indicators were met, as seen from the students' ability to explain in detail and coherently. In conclusion, the creative thinking skills of fifth grade students at SDN Kebonsari Kulon 1 Probolinggo are very good. However, there are still two indicators that have not been fully achieved, namely shyness to ask questions and difficulty in categorizing ideas based on different criteria. But overall, the implementation of creative thinking skills is very good.

In the learning process, students often encounter various obstacles. One common challenge is their difficulty in understanding the material presented by teachers, especially when the explanations are too abstract. To address this issue, appropriate instructional media are needed to help achieve learning objectives. The use of such media can support teachers in delivering content more effectively. As science and technology continue to evolve, instructional media must also adapt to create a learning environment that aligns with current developments. One form of media that can be utilized is educational video. This study aims to explore the use of video media in delivering instructional content. The method used is a literature review of previous research findings. The results indicate that video-based learning media can serve as an effective tool for teachers to present learning materials in a more engaging and comprehensible way.

This study aims to examine in-depth and comprehensively the various obstacles faced by elementary school students in understanding the concept of fractions. Fractions represent one of the key components in basic mathematics education and often pose a significant challenge for many students. Through a structured literature review and in-depth analysis of empirical data, this research seeks to clearly describe the various difficulties students encounter when learning and understanding fractions. Additionally, this study investigates the underlying factors contributing to these difficulties and offers a number of creative and effective instructional strategy recommendations to help students overcome these barriers. The findings indicate that the primary challenges hindering students' understanding include several critical aspects: weak comprehension of basic fraction concepts, difficulty in representing fractions both visually and symbolically, struggles with performing arithmetic operations involving fractions, and challenges in relating fraction concepts to real-life situations. A thorough understanding of these challenges is expected to serve as a crucial foundation for improving the quality of mathematics instruction at the elementary school level.    

Early reading is an important foundation in mastering language skills, especially for first grade elementary school students. Problems that often arise at this stage include difficulty in recognizing letters, arranging letters into words, and pronunciation and understanding simple reading. This study aims to analyze the early reading skills of first grade students in terms of cognitive and psychomotor aspects, and to identify factors that hinder their achievement. This study uses a descriptive quantitative approach with test instruments to assess cognitive abilities and observations to assess psychomotor skills. The subjects of the study consisted of five first grade students. The results showed that most students had very good cognitive abilities in early reading, but their psychomotor abilities tended to be low. A gap was found between theoretical understanding and practical skills of students. This finding emphasizes the importance of a balanced and holistic learning strategy so that students not only understand conceptually, but are also able to apply reading skills in real life.

This study aims to analyze the initial writing skills of grade 1 Elementary School students. Initial writing is the initial stage for students in recognizing letter shapes, composing syllables, and being able to write simple words and sentences. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with observation and documentation techniques. The results of the analysis show that the writing skills of grade 1 students vary greatly, influenced by fine motor readiness, the learning environment, and the role of teachers in providing appropriate exercises. Most students still have difficulty in writing letters with the correct and neat shape. Therefore, an interesting and repetitive learning strategy is needed so that students can improve their writing skills gradually.

The ability to understand denotative and connotative meanings is important in supporting the development of students' literacy and critical thinking skills in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in distinguishing the two types of meanings, especially in the context of connotative sentences that are figurative and require contextual interpretation. This study aims to analyze the ability of sixth grade elementary school students to identify and understand denotative and connotative meanings through various forms of questions, namely multiple choice, fill-in-the-blank, and descriptive, with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study include determining the focus of the study, literature review, case selection, data collection, data processing, data analysis, negotiation of results, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five sixth grade elementary school students who were analyzed based on their answers to the instruments that had been prepared. The results of the study showed that students had a good basic understanding of denotative and connotative meanings in explicit form. However, they still had difficulty in interpreting connotative meanings contextually and figuratively. The novelty of this study lies in the use of a contextual learning approach that is relevant to students' social and cultural lives, which has been proven to improve students' ability to understand meaning reflectively and critically.  

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.

Listening ability is one of the basic language skills that is important in supporting the learning process of students in elementary schools. However, in practice, students still have difficulty in capturing information from listening materials, especially when learning is carried out conventionally without the support of interesting media. This study aims to analyze the ability to listen to information from audio media in grade VI elementary school students with a qualitative approach using the case study method. The steps of the case study method are determining the focus of the study, literature, determining the case, data processing, data analysis, negotiating the results of the study, and conclusions. The subjects of the study consisted of five students who were analyzed based on their answers to five thematic audio media-based listening questions. The results of the study showed that students were able to understand the contents of the story, recognize characters and traits, and capture moral messages from the listening materials. However, there were still shortcomings in the aspect of regularity in reorganizing information and in-depth understanding of the character of the character. The novelty of this study lies in the analytical approach based on mapping student difficulties and the use of audio media that is relevant to everyday life, which has been proven to increase students' imagination and involvement in listening activities. This study recommends the use of audio media in a varied and contextual way in learning Indonesian in elementary schools.    

Mathematics is often referred to as a field of knowledge developed through logical reasoning and is considered essential in everyday life, particularly in problem-solving. One effective way to apply problem-solving skills in mathematics education is through the use of word problems. This study aims to explore and analyze the various obstacles students encounter when solving mathematical word problems. The research employs a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods including tests, interviews, and a project involving the construction of a staircase using standard units of length. The subjects of the study were four third-grade elementary school students in Batusangkar who had previously studied standard units of length. The findings reveal that students faced a range of difficulties, such as challenges in understanding the problems, failure to organize solution steps systematically, and limited comprehension of the concept of standard measurement units. Additionally, a lack of interest in learning was found to negatively impact students’ ability to solve word problems. Therefore, conceptual understanding and increased motivation to learn are crucial factors in enhancing students’ mathematical problem-solving abilities.