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In the ever-changing digital world, strong security protocols are essential. As a vital line of defence against unwanted access, blockchain uses several verification techniques to boost security. This article investigates the use of blockchain technology to tackle privacy, security, and usability issues. By reducing the dangers associated with conventional centralised systems, blockchain's decentralised and immutable structure offers a secure platform for storing and verifying authentication credentials. This method increases user trust by using smart contracts to guarantee transparent and unchangeable authentication procedures. The suggested blockchain-based method strengthens security and enhances privacy by removing sources of failure and decreasing dependence on outside verification. Furthermore, user-centric design and expedited procedures improve the system's usability by making secure authentication more approachable and less obtrusive. This paper offers a thorough examination of the suggested system, stressing its benefits, possible drawbacks, and directions for future investigation. The results indicate that blockchain technology presents a viable solution to ensure that digital authentication frameworks combine privacy, security, and usability.

The paper evaluates potential applications of blockchain technology in enhancing the security and reliability of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs). The existing vulnerabilities in WSNs, such as concerns regarding data integrity and security, demand innovative security solutions. Through systematic analysis, this paper provides valuable insights to expand understanding of WSNs security, explaining the feasibility and benefits of deploying blockchain technology. Possible attacks in the networks are classified to point out either risks or potential solusions to protect the networks. By exploring the integration of Blockchain within WSNs, the paper highlights its potential to minimize various security risks. In addition, this work discusses the challenges and considerations associated with implementing Blockchain in WSNs. Overall, this paper contributes on securing WSNs and underscores the role of blockchain technology as a promising way for enhancing security of WSNs.

Coffee is a widely consumed beverage especially for Indonesian. Its consumption continues to increase. There is not much information and researches on the relationship between coffee consumption and dysmenorrhea. This literature study was conducted to find out more about the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence of dysmenorrhea. This literature study is a narrative literature review, delves into the literature with an analytical observational design regarding the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence of dysmenorrhea. The literature search was carried out through the PubMed, Proquest and ScienceDirect electronic databases based on predetermined inclusion and exclusion criteria. A total of 12 literatures were reviewed. From the results of the literature review, there are six literatures which state that coffee consumption is associated with dysmenorrhea and six other literatures state that coffee consumption is not associated with dysmenorrhea. The conclusion of this literature study is that the relationship between coffee consumption and the incidence of dysmenorrhea is still debatable .

The success of implementing information systems in a school environment is significantly influenced by effective risk management. This research aims to implement the OCTAVE Allegro method to identify, assess, and manage risks associated with the information system at Panca Setya High School. The OCTAVE Allegro method was chosen for its systematic and structured approach to information security risk management.This research adopts a qualitative approach using a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews with school staff, direct observations, and document analysis. The findings revealed several key risks threatening the information system at Panca Setya High School, including threats to student data confidentiality, weaknesses in technological infrastructure, and a lack of security awareness among users. Through the implementation of the OCTAVE Allegro method, this research successfully identified effective mitigation strategies, such as enhancing information security training for staff, updating security policies and procedures, and strengthening data protection technologies. The conclusion of this research highlights that comprehensive and sustainable risk management is crucial for protecting the school's information assets and ensuring operational continuity.The recommendations from this study are intended to assist the management of Panca Setya High School in enhancing their information system risk management, thereby better supporting the achievement of educational objectives.

The purpose of the current study was to look into the connection between hair loss in thefirst and second trimesters of pregnancy and the levels of vitamin D3 and ferritin in bloodserum of pregnant at Tikrit Hospital. The participants in the study varied in age from 22to 38 years old, and the sample consisted of 50 pregnant women experiencing hair loss inthe first and second trimesters of their pregnancy. A comparison group consisted of 30pregnant women who did not experience hair loss. Every research participant had theirserum levels of ferritin, vitamin D3, white blood cell counts, and platelet counts tested.When compared to women who did not experience hair loss during the first and secondtrimesters of pregnancy, Vitamin D3& ferritin levels were found to be significantlyreduced in women who experienced hair loss throughout the first and second trimestersof pregnancy, compared to normal levels in woman who did not associated with hair lossbut rather their variations were explained by the typical physiology of pregnancy .

Science is always associated with general science or science that studies worldly matters only. Some Muslims think that science has nothing to do with Islam or in other words Islam does not need science. If the assumption of the Islamic community about this still exists then Islam is in the danger zone, because actually Islam needs science. Islam and science are not two opposing camps, but two very solid camps. If we look deeper, the Qur'an presents many verses about science. The verses of the Qur'an about science range from 750 to 1000 verses. In fact, the first revelation that came down to the Prophet Muhammad SAW, namely the command to read. In the Qur'an it has been explained that paying attention to the universe which means also studying science is part of reading the verses of Allah SWT. Meanwhile, the results of research conducted by scientists about the universe do not contradict the Qur'an which was revealed 1400 years ago. If science and technology are only controlled by non-Muslims, then Muslims will be considered weaker and lower in the field of science. Therefore, Islam needs the next generation of people who love and understand the contents of the Qur'an and are not blind to science, especially science. Islam will flap its wings more in the field of science and technology so that a generation of IMTAQ and IPTEK is formed, namely a generation of Muslims who have faith and piety and master science and technology. Science is also important in the development of Islam because science brings knowledge that is very important in future generations and science also plays an important role for all people in this world. In the context of building the quality of the Islamic generation, there are several important aspects that need to be considered, namely;

Introduction Osteoarthritis (OA) is the most common articular disease of the developed country and cause of chronic disability, and may cause joint failure.Currently, it is more prevalent than it used to be, and it is predicted that this tendency will continue as life expectancy and the prevalence of obesity increase.OA is related to age, but is associated with a variety of both modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors, including obesity, lack of exercise, genetic predisposition, bone density, occupational injury, trauma, and gender. It is a major cause of disability in elderly populations around the globe, especially in developed countries. the aim of study to identify Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage  and to assess Knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth grade students in nursing department of Alfarabi collage . methodology The methodology for studying the knowledge about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors in fourth-grade students in the nursing department of Alfarabi College can be utilize a cross-sectional research design to assess the knowledge of fourth-grade nursing students about osteoarthritis and its related risk factors. A convenience sampling method will be used to select participants from the fourth-grade nursing students at Alfarabi College. The sample size will be determined based on the total number of fourth-grade students in the nursing department. Results The sociodemographic characteristics of 256 students at Al-Farabi College were analyzed. The majority of respondents were male (73.8%), over 22 years old (35.3%), and engaged in manual labor (53.0%). The study found that students had higher knowledge about certain aspects of osteoarthritis, such as postmenopausal women being more at risk for osteoporosis than osteoarthritis (87.5%), while their knowledge about female gender as a risk factor was lower (39.4%). Students also had higher knowledge about joint pain as a symptom of osteoarthritis (82.8%) compared to redness in the joint (53.1%).Finally, while there was a high significance between having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis and knowledge, there was no significance between being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis and knowledge among the students. Conclusion  the study of sociodemographic characteristics and knowledge of osteoarthritis among students at Al-Farabi College revealed that there were significant associations between gender, occupation, awareness of knee osteoarthritis as a disease entity, and having a first-degree relative with knee osteoarthritis with knowledge about the condition. However, there was no significant association between age, being clinically diagnosed with osteoarthritis, and knowledge.

Based on Indonesian epidemiological data, 66.3% of 97% of cases are irritant contact dermatitis. Data from the Jambi Provincial Health Service in 2020, the percentage of contact dermatitis was 4.98% and in 2022 it will increase by 5.96%. The aim of this research is to determine the factors associated with symptoms of contact dermatitis in sorting officers at Talang Gulo TPA, Jambi City in 2024. This research is a quantitative study using a cross sectional study design. The technique used in this research sample was total sampling, the sample size was 40 respondents. From the results of this study, the symptoms of contact dermatitis in sorting officers were 12% symptomatic and 70% asymptomatic. Factors related to symptoms of contact dermatitis in sorting officers at Talang Gulo TPA were skin cleanliness (p value = 0.000), personal hygiene (p value = 0.001), and cleanliness of clothing (p value = 0.003) and those that were not related to dermatitis symptoms contact, habit of using APD (p value = 0.142). It was found that skin cleanliness, personal hygiene, and cleanliness of clothing were related to symptoms of dermatitis at Talang Gulo TPA, Jambi City.

The ethical dilemmas in advertising have long posed significant challenges for marketers and organizations. This paper aims to explore these dilemmas, highlighting the controversy often associated with advertising practices. Through a detailed examination of case studies and theoretical frameworks, we provide insights into the strategies employed by companies to navigate these ethical challenges. The study concludes with recommendations for more ethical advertising practices that align with both consumer expectations and regulatory standards.

Viral describes something that is often associated with content on social media. Usually synonymous with something or information that is interesting and spreads quickly. Viral content creates a desire for social media users to repost the content. In the digital era, social media seems to be a basic need for sharing information, photos or videos. This research discusses the virality of Bunda Corla, a public figure known to the public through her content on TikTok. The TikTok account @bundacorlaofficials is a medium of communication with its followers to share information about Bunda Corla's daily activities. This study using a qualitative approach examines the role of TikTok in the virality phenomenon of Bunda Corla. Data collection used interviews, literature studies and observations on the TikTok account @bundacorlaofficials as the main source of research data. Research using new media theory by Pierre Levy and research results from Deza and Parikh regarding measuring the virality of content which is influenced by views, up votes, down votes and share value. It was revealed that content becomes viral if it is shared repeatedly and spreads on social media.

Science is always associated with general knowledge or science that studies worldly matters only. Some Muslims think that science has nothing to do with Islam or in other words, Islam does not need science. If the Islamic community's opinion about this still exists then Islam is in a danger zone, because Islam actually needs science. Islam and science are not two opposing camps, but rather two very unified camps. If we look deeper, the Koran presents many verses about science. The verses of the Koran about science range from 750 to 1000 verses. In fact, the first revelation that came down to the Prophet Muhammad SAW was the command to read. In the Qur'an, it is explained that paying attention to the universe, which also means studying science, is part of reading the verses of Allah SWT. Meanwhile, the results of research conducted by scientists about the universe do not contradict the Koran which was revealed 1400 years ago. If science and technology are only controlled by non-Muslims, then Muslims will be considered weaker and inferior in the field of science. Therefore, Islam needs the next generation of people who love and understand the contents of the Koran and are not blind to knowledge, especially science. Islam will spread its wings more in the fields of science and technology so that a generation of Muslims who are IMTAQ and SCIENTIFIC will be formed, namely a generation of Muslims who are faithful and devout and master science and technology.

This research explores the representation of fear in the context of leaving Batak culture as depicted in the film "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap". Through a content analysis approach, this study investigates how the fear associated with leaving cultural identity is reflected in the narrative, visuals, and characters in the film. Qualitative methods are used to analyze various film elements, including dialogue, plot, setting, and cultural symbolism. The findings indicate that the film portrays the complexity of fear experienced by individuals confronted with the conflict between tradition and modernity. These representations provide insights into the cultural dynamics within Batak society and their implications for individual identity. The study contributes to understanding how fear is associated with cultural change and how it is reflected using Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis framework. The goal of this study is to use Roland Barthes' semiotic analysis method to uncover the moral lessons that are subtly conveyed in films.  The study uses qualitative descriptive methodologies and centers on specific cinema moments.  While connotation is investigated to uncover the hidden meaning behind these indicators, denotation is used to identify signs as they seem on the surface.  Myth analysis is another method used in this research to find concepts that are implied by the movie's plot.  Through the use of Roland Barthes' semiotic approach, the study unveils "Ngeri-Ngeri Sedap"'s intricate and multilayered narrative structure. The research findings offer profound insights into the ways in which the film uses verbal and visual cues to convey moral lessons to its audience.  This study enhances our knowledge of semiotic analysis in the context of film by shedding light on symbolic representations and hidden messages in audiovisual art.

Dysmenorrhea is one of the problems experienced by female students during menstruation and causes pain in the lower abdomen, thus disrupting learning activities on campus. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between physical activity, nutritional status, and stress levels on the incidence of dysmenorrhea in Nutrition students at Surabaya State University. The method in this study was quantitative analytical observational with cross sectional research design. The sample of this study was 80 female nutrition students of Surabaya State University who were selected by purposive sampling technique. The instruments used were physical activity questionnaire (International Physical Activity Questionnaire), stress level questionnaire (Depression Anxiety Stress Scale 42), and dysmenorrhea questionnaire (Verbal Descriptor Scale). Data were analyzed using Spearman Rank test. The results showed that most of the Nutrition students of Surabaya State University experienced moderate physical activity (63.7%), normal nutritional status (55%), mild stress (57.5%), and mild dysmenorrhea (47.5%). The results showed that there was no significant relationship between physical activity and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). There is no significant relationship between nutritional status and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p>0.05). There is a significant relationship between stress level and the incidence of dysmenorrhea (p<0.05). In conclusion, physical activity and nutritional status were not associated with the incidence of dysmenorrhea. On the other hand, there is a significant relationship between stress level and the incidence of dysmenorrhea in Nutrition students of Surabaya State University. Suggestions for future researchers to examine other variables such as the relationship between food intake and the incidence of dysmenorrhea and use the measurement of academic stress questionnaire to measure the stress level of students so that the results can be more specific.      

  A Christian leader is someone whom God has called as a leader. Christian leaders should be people who are called by God and have qualifications that continue to grow in personality and Christ-like character. Christian leadership is a form of leadership that is based on Christian values and teachings, such as love, humility, service, integrity, and justice. In this context, Christian leadership not only aims to achieve organizational or community goals, but also to bring positive impact in the lives of individuals and society through a compassionate and ethical approach. The success of a leadership is due to the cooperation between the leading and the led generations. As a leader, one must know which principles to follow and uphold them in their leadership. A Christian leader should embrace the leadership principles of the successful leaders recorded in the Bible. Here are the principles of Christian leadership today. Secular comes from the Latin word saeculum, which means space and time. Space refers to the worldly sense, while time refers to the present age. Secular life principles are views or values that are not associated with a particular religion or religious belief. These principles often include concepts such as freedom of thought, tolerance, equality and the separation of religion from public affairs. Secular life emphasizes the importance of rationality, science, and individual freedom of decision without religious interference. Secularism is broadly speaking an ideology that states that a state institution or body should stand apart from religion or belief. Secularism also refers to the notion that human activities and determinations, especially political ones, should be based on what is considered to be concrete evidence and facts, and not on religious influences. In political terms, secularism is the movement towards the separation of religion and government, one example being the replacement of religious law with civil law. This is said to promote democracy by protecting the rights of religious minorities.  

Stunting is a growth disorder due to malnutrition that occurs in children under five years old. Stunting in children under five is a consequence of several factors that are often associated with poverty, including nutrition, health, knowledge and social and cultural factors. The aim of this research is to look at the factors that cause stunting in toddlers. The research method uses Scoping Review to map literature and identify problems or shadows in the research area to be studied. The results of the research show that data obtained that the number of stunting cases in Jorong Lubuk Sao can be worrying, the results of the data show that there is an average for each stunting indicator (TB, BB, LK) which indicates stunting. The intervention that has been carried out from the data above is by providing outreach and counseling regarding healthy food as well as introducing the electronic application ready for marriage and pregnancy (elsimil) to the local community, this is an accompanying screening application for prospective brides (catin), prospective couples of childbearing age (CaPUS) , pregnant women, postpartum mothers, and families with babies aged 0-59 months. The conclusion of this research is that the stunting prevalence rate in Indonesia is still above 20%, meaning it has not reached the WHO target. Influencing factors are low levels of exclusive breastfeeding, low protein energy intake, poor provision of MP-ASI, low family income, completeness of immunizations.

This study focuses on analyzing the fluency reading ability of elementary school students, particularly first-grade students. Fluency reading proficiency is a fundamental skill crucial for elementary school students as it serves as a foundation for further reading development. Fluency reading entails the ability to read a text accurately and with appropriate intonation, allowing the reader to comprehend both the explicit and implicit messages conveyed by the author. Reading fluency is associated with the accuracy of word recognition and the ease of word recognition. Additionally, fluency reading encompasses reading at an appropriate pace, clear pronunciation, and good comprehension. This research has significant implications for analyzing and evaluating the fluency reading skills of first-grade elementary school students. The findings can be utilized to develop appropriate strategies and interventions to enhance fluency reading skills during the early years of primary education, thereby laying the groundwork for students' academic development in the future.  

Generative Pre-trained Transformer (ChatGPT), is an artificial intelligence (AI) model that has revolutionized the educational landscape in recent years. Its use has been explored across various educational fields; however, given that this AI model is language-based, it has attracted particular interest in language teaching, especially in developing the writing skill. Due to the importance of the writing skill in language learning, and the extensive body of research investigating the best ways to support this skill using ChatGPT, the current study aims to provide an overview of the latest findings regarding the use of ChatGPT in developing writing. Through a narrative literature review approach, this paper will offer comprehensive documentation of the various ways ChatGPT can be used to support the writing skill, as well as the potential risks associated with its implementation. These objectives will be achieved by addressing two key research questions: In what ways can ChatGPT be useful in developing the writing skill? and what are the possible risks of implementing this tool in developing the writing skill? By answering these questions, the paper will help equip educators and learners with a comprehensive understanding of the most effective ways to use this tool to enhance the writing skill.

Dragon fruit plants originating from Central and South America have not been widely cultivated. This plant has only been cultivated intensively in several countries such as: Israel, Colombia, Nicaragua, Vietnam, Thailand, China and Australia. Macroscopic identification showed that the fungi associated with dragon fruit stems had similarities to the colony form of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides sp. Trichoderma is known to have antagonistic abilities against pathogenic fungi. Trichoderma is easily found in soil ecosystems and plant roots. The method in this study is a survey method. Determination of the sample using purposive sampling or Judgmental sampling method, namely purposive sampling is a sampling method that selects objects (vines) that are considered attacked or have symptoms of pathogen attack. Trichoderma sp is also tolerant to stress and able to inactivate pathogenic microbial enzymes. In addition, Trichoderma sp. Able to produce enzymes that hydrolyze pathogenic cell walls which will inhibit the synthesis of pathogenic cell walls and increase their fungicidal activity, as a result of which pathogenic fungi experience a decrease in growth rate.

The rapid growth of healthcare services has significantly increased the generation of medical waste, posing serious risks to environmental and public health, particularly through water quality contamination. This study examines global trends in medical waste management and proposes a hybrid analytical framework combining bibliometric analysis using SCIMAT and predictive modeling based on artificial neural networks implemented in Orange. Bibliometric mapping was employed to identify dominant research themes, temporal evolution, and knowledge gaps in medical waste and water contamination studies from 2000 to 2023. Subsequently, a neural network model was developed to predict potential water quality deterioration associated with mismanaged medical waste, using simulated environmental indicators. The results reveal a strong research focus on incineration, infection control, and hazardous waste, while predictive modeling of water contamination remains underexplored. The proposed hybrid approach demonstrates high predictive accuracy and offers a robust decision-support tool for environmental health policy. This study contributes methodologically and substantively to sustainable medical waste management and water resource protection.

Anemia is a widespread public health problem associated with increased mortality and morbidity, especially in pregnant women. In both developed and developing countries, some women experience anemia during pregnancy. Usually non-pregnant women have normal hemoglobin of 12-15%. According to WHO, the incidence of anemia in pregnancy ranges from 20% to 89% by setting HB <11 gr% (h/dl). The rate of anemia in pregnancy occurs 3.8% in the first trimester, 13.6% in the second trimester and 24.8% in the third trimester (Manuaba, 2012). The counseling method on preventing anemia by providing iron (Fe) to pregnant women is used in the community service program. The community service event was presented by twenty pregnant women from Bangun Rejo Village aged 20 to 35 years. After the counseling activity, pregnant women from Bangun Rejo Village understood more about anemia in pregnant women. This can be seen from the increase in their post-test scores compared to their pre-test. The pre-test results showed that most participants answered incorrectly, with an average score of 35; the post-test results showed an increase in knowledge, with an average score of 80. After attending the counseling and completing the post-test, the last participants underwent an Hb examination, which was guided by a gymnastics instructor and documented via video.