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In the 21st century, school leaders are expected to be able to streamline school administration, including developing the teaching and learning process. School administrators must have special skills and skills that are superior and different from previous school administrators. This research aims to examine the relationship between skills in the 21st century and increasing the competency of Gorontalo City school principals. The research method used is quantitative research with a survey approach. The participants in this research were 30 school principals in Gorontalo City who were chosen randomly. Data was collected through a questionnaire that assessed skills in the 21st century and increased competency of school principals. Data analysis was carried out using correlation statistical techniques to determine the relationship between these variables.  

Diarrhea is a disease with signs of changes in the shape and consistency of soft or liquid stools and an increase in the frequency of defecation more than 5 times while for infants the frequency is more than 3 times. The existence of this study determines the effect of zinc administration on reducing the frequency of liquid stools and dehydration in children. With the design method or design in this study is to use a case study. Case study is one type of qualitative method in research that wants to explore a particular case in more depth by involving the collection of various sources of information.

This study aims to identify the factors influencing delays in the claim process of theRetirement Savings Scheme (JHT) at the BPJS Employment Branch Office in Medan. Aqualitative approach was employed through in-depth interviews with BPJS employees,rticipants,andbranch managers.The findingsrevealthatinternalfactorssuch asincomplete documentation, human resource limitations, and technological system disruptionsplay a significant role in causing claim delays. Additionally, external factors includingsuddengovernmentregulatorychangesand inadequateparticipantinformation alsocontribute to these delays. The impact of claim delays on participant satisfaction is profound,necessitating improvements in claim management administration. Based on these findings, itis recommended to enhanceparticipant education and awareness, strengthen humanresources, improve technological system reliability, and develop adaptive mechanisms forregulatory changes to enhance efficiency and participant satisfaction in the JHT claimprocessattheBPJS EmploymentBranchOfficein Medan

Effective bureaucratic management depends on aligning competencies with job placement. This study examines Echelon 3 and 4 officials in Pasuruan Regency, Indonesia, focusing on the suitability of their educational backgrounds, skills, and job roles. A descriptive quantitative approach was used with 77 respondents, including 23 Echelon 3 and 54 Echelon 4 officials. The findings indicate moderate suitability, with an average score of 3.5 out of 5. While many officials possess advanced educational qualifications, gaps in training adequacy and skill alignment remain. Technology usage is a key strength, reflecting readiness for digital transformation. These results emphasize the need for systematic training and strategic human resource allocation to enhance bureaucratic effectiveness. The study contributes to discussions on workforce optimization in public administration, providing actionable insights for policymakers. Future research should expand on these findings by exploring competency-based interventions and their impact on organizational performance.

In order to create an orderly society in terms of population administration and ensure the sustainability of national population data, the government is responsible for providing complete and clear population data. It is expected that government officials across Indonesia, particularly in Batam City, deliver high-quality public services in accordance with Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) and public expectations. However, there are still areas for improvement in public services, especially in Batam. This research aims to critically analyze the quality of e-KTP services at the Sei Beduk sub-district in Batam City, focusing on the infrastructure and procedural challenges that impact service delivery. A qualitative descriptive approach was used in this study. Data was collected, reduced to relevant findings, and presented narratively. The results indicate that the service quality in the Sei Beduk sub-district is generally good, with services facilitating e-KTP issuance. However, the process is often delayed due to issues such as the absence of stamps from the central office. Employee discipline is another challenge, as some staff members still fail to adhere to working hours. Additionally, the sub-district office is equipped with only one recording device, which significantly hampers the efficiency and quality of the service. These infrastructural and procedural challenges must be addressed to improve the overall quality of e-KTP services in the region.

This research investigates the comparison of government administration policies between major cities and remote areas in Indonesia, focusing on how these differences impact public service delivery and administrative effectiveness. Utilizing a comparative analysis method, the study examines various dimensions such as policy implementation, available resources, and the resulting public service outcomes in both contexts. The findings reveal a significant disparity in the quality of administration between urban and rural regions. Major cities benefit from better infrastructure, higher budget allocations, and more skilled personnel, which contribute to more effective service delivery. In contrast, remote areas face numerous challenges, including limited access to resources, inadequate infrastructure, and a lack of trained personnel, which hinder their ability to implement policies effectively. Moreover, the research highlights that the differences in administrative capacities lead to varying levels of public satisfaction and trust in government institutions. Citizens in major cities generally report higher satisfaction with public services compared to those in remote areas, where frustrations are often linked to delays and inefficiencies. This study emphasizes the urgent need for more inclusive and equitable policies aimed at enhancing government administration in remote areas. By addressing the systemic challenges faced by these regions, policymakers can work towards reducing the administrative gap and ensuring that all citizens, regardless of their geographical location, receive quality public services.

This study aims to analyze the comparison of public administration across various provinces in Indonesia. Utilizing a mixed-methods approach that combines both qualitative and quantitative research methods, this research investigates the unique challenges faced by public administration in each province and explores the opportunities for improvement. The findings reveal that cultural, economic, and political factors significantly influence the effectiveness of public administration, leading to variations in service delivery, accountability, and citizen engagement. Moreover, the study highlights the importance of regional context in shaping administrative practices and outcomes. Based on these insights, the study provides targeted recommendations for enhancing the performance of public administration at the provincial level, emphasizing the need for tailored strategies that consider local conditions and stakeholder involvement. Ultimately, this research contributes to a deeper understanding of public administration dynamics in Indonesia and offers a foundation for future studies in this field.

Digital transformation has emerged as a key driver of efficiency and transparency in various sectors, including taxation. This study explores the role of digital transformation in improving tax compliance, focusing on developing economies. Through a case study approach, the research investigates how digital tools and platforms enhance tax administration, reduce compliance costs, and improve taxpayer engagement. The study identifies key challenges, including technological infrastructure gaps and digital literacy, while highlighting successful implementations that have boosted voluntary tax compliance. The findings underscore the potential of digital transformation as a catalyst for sustainable economic growth in developing economies by broadening the tax base and reducing tax evasion. Policy recommendations for optimizing digital transformation initiatives in tax systems are also provided.  

Orderly and disciplined work and service is everyone's dream, including village officials, of good and correct service.  This article is the result of a literature and empirical study adapted to developments in employee disciplinary law. The purpose of this writing is simply to provide an overview of information about the legal discipline of government agencies in carrying out their duties and responsibilities to improve performance in services to the community. This research uses a literature review and empirical study approach. Discipline of Wanggarsari village officials to improve performance in accordance with Law Number 9 of 2015 as a result of amendments to Law Number 23 of 2014 concerning regional government and Law No. 30 of 2014 concerning Government Administration has not been implemented optimally, because work is not disciplined, not in accordance with the accuracy of completing tasks and so on, so that performance improvements have not been achieved according to expectations, both community expectations and the expectations of the law. The performance of Wanggarsari village officials will improve if Wanggarsari village officials in Wanggar District are aware of and practice work discipline continuously in accordance with applicable laws and regulations.

A nil sentence is very appropriate to apply to defendants whose verdict is sentenced to death, such as in the case of Muhammad Natsir and Heru Hidayat. However, the Dimas Kanjeng case certainly raises a different problem, where the panel of judges imposed a maximum prison sentence of 20 years, so if there are other cases the verdict must be nil. This means that the defendant, who was previously sentenced to 20 years in prison, was not increased to life imprisonment. Another problem is the lack of integrated administration between courts which results in overlapping criminal sanctions that exceed 20 years. Tstelsel's absorption in a sharpened realist concursus states that it is necessary to review the level between crimes that have permanent legal force and crimes that have just been revealed based on higher criminal threats, so that the implementation of a nil sentence achieves the principles of legal certainty, justice and expediency. The implementation of the nil sentence must be socialized to the wider community, especially in the case of Dimas Kanjeng and Muhammad Natsir, who in their decision were sentenced to a nil sentence because they had previously been sentenced to death. The aim of the outreach is to ensure that there is no misunderstanding of the defendant's release from criminal sanctions, because a zero verdict arises because the verdict has been maximum and can no longer be handed down. Judges need to interpret in more depth the basic reasons for giving a nil verdict which is linked to SEMA No. 1 of 2022 to better ensure justice and benefits for society, which of course is adjusted to the legal facts obtained during the trial period.

Discretionary regulations are not a new phenomenon in the administration of government in Indonesia. Wisdom regulations arise due to the needs of the society that continue to develop, requiring the government to take a quick legal action, even overriding the principle of legality or also known as wetmatigheid van bestuur. Because the ruler has extraordinary authority, administrative law functions to provide legal protection for the people for the actions of the ruler by filing a lawsuit to the court. Legal protection for the people from government legal actions is a juridical means in the state of law to prevent or recover losses experienced by the people as a result of legal acts of the government that cause losses to the people.

Abstract This study investigates Catholic school principals' decision-making processes and leadership styles in the United States. Using a mixed-methods approach, the research surveyed 150 principals and conducted in-depth interviews with twenty participants. Key findings reveal that 68% of principals favor a collaborative leadership style, though external factors like diocesan policies and financial constraints significantly impact their autonomy. More experienced principals (10+ years) showed a higher tendency for unilateral decisions in crises. The study recommends that Catholic school leadership training programs integrate organized frameworks that balance collaborative methods with proactive action. These findings can guide diocesan leadership development programs, ensuring principals have specialized training in participatory decision-making and hierarchical leadership frameworks. It also highlights the importance of supportive diocesan structures to facilitate effective decision-making. This research contributes to understanding educational leadership in faith-based institutions and offers practical insights for improving Catholic school administration. Keywords: Catholic schools, principals, leadership, Vroom-Jago model, decision-making model

An adequate understanding on health workers on use antibiotics can prevent the treatment ineffective. Increased risk for the security patient and the spread resistence. The purpose of this research that is, to know the knowledge of midwives in provision of antibiotics for the patient. The kind of research non experiment by using the method case study a qualitative approach. The data using a method of in- depth interviews. The determination of inform with purposive technique. Inform were 6 people consisting of 3 informants midwives and 3 informants patients. Based on the results of the study, the knowledge of midwives' knowledge of rationality in the administration of antibiotics based on 4 T (exact patient, precise indication, proper drug, correct dose) and 1 W (side effect) is still not appropriate because in midwife antibiotics using empirical therapy, the use of antibiotics for empirical therapy is the use of antibiotics in cases of infection that have not been known to the type of bacteria the cause. And rician drug information submitted is the name of the drug, the purpose of therapy, how to take medication with a time interval of 3 x 1 in a day, the drug should be spent and back in case of abnormalities when taking the drug.

Inmate development is carried out continuously from the time the inmates enter the correctional institution. The correctional system is a process of developing inmates as creatures of God, individuals and as a society. In coaching inmates, their physical, spiritual and social conditions are developed so that they become reasonable human beings who can live normally in society. The aim of this research is to determine the efficiency of the role of law in coaching at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Detention Center. This research is included in descriptive research with a type of empirical juridical research using qualitative analysis methods. From the research results, it is known that the implementation of prisoner development is regulated in Law Number 12 of 1995 concerning Corrections, Government Regulation Number 31 of 1999 concerning the Development and Guidance of Prisoners, Government Regulation of the Republic of Indonesia Number 28 of 2006 concerning Amendments to Government Regulation Number 32 of 2006 1999 Concerning Requirements and Procedures for Implementing the Rights of Prisoners, Decree of the Minister of Justice of the Republic of Indonesia Number: M.02-Pk.04.10 of 1990 Concerning the Pattern of Development of Prisoners/Detainees. The implementation of prisoner coaching at the Class IIB Tanjung Pura Detention Center goes through 4 stages, namely the administration or orientation stage, the evaluation stage and determining the type of coaching, the assimilation stage and the integration stage. -existing invitations, planned and programmed work programs in the form of a Strategic Plan, several obstacles were overcome by building a collaborative network with various parties

In the 21st century, school leaders are expected to be able to streamline school administration, including developing the teaching and learning process. School administrators must have special skills and skills that are superior and different from previous school administrators. This research aims to examine the relationship between skills in the 21st century and increasing the competency of Gorontalo City school principals. The research method used is quantitative research with a survey approach. The participants in this research were 30 school principals in Gorontalo City who were chosen randomly. Data was collected through a questionnaire that assessed skills in the 21st century and increased competency of school principals. Data analysis was carried out using correlation statistical techniques to determine the relationship between these variables.

The term "agraria" is used in the Indonesian government administration to describe "land", both agricultural and non-agricultural land. For example, by Decree No. 26 of 1988, the National Farming Authority was established as the Director General of Agriculture of the Department of Home Affairs. Agrarian law (Agrarisch Recht) in the administrative district of the Dutch Indian government is confined to a set of legislative regulations that provide a legal basis for the rulers to implement agricultural policy. In this study, the method of normative analysis is used. Normative law research or library research is a type of research that studies documents using various secondary data such as laws. Within Indonesia there are a variety of natural resources, including fishing, mangrove forests, while the regulations that govern the Indonesian seas vary in various aspects, among others: the Persian Sea, Wiayah Sea, Continental Land, Exclusive Economic Zone, Additional Zone, Overseas Sea. In conclusion, maritime agrarian law is very important in understanding and utilizing natural resources related to land and waters. Marine natural resources play a vital role inining the balance of global ecosystems as well as providing economic benefits to communities. Within the framework of sustainable development, we are faced with the great challenge of understanding and using marine agricultural resources wisely.

General elections (elections) in Indonesia are an important mechanism in the democratic process which aims to elect people's representatives and government leaders directly by the people. This research aims to examine the principles, objectives of the election administration system, and the election system implemented in Indonesia. Using a descriptive and analytical approach, this study explores various aspects related to elections in Indonesia, including the basic principles underlying their implementation, the objectives to be achieved, and the electoral system used. This research concludes that although the electoral system in Indonesia has run with strong democratic principles, there is still room for improvement in its implementation and supervision. Recommendations include increasing political education for the community, strengthening election management institutions, and stricter law enforcement against election violations. With these steps, it is hoped that elections in Indonesia can be more effective, fair and democratic, so that they are able to fully reflect the will of the people.  

This article explores the judicial considerations and decisionmaking process regarding a petition for gender reassignment at the Batam District Court, exemplified by Case Number 176/Pdt. P/2024/PN Btm. The analysis encompasses legal aspects, presented evidence, principles of justice, and the societal impacts of the court's decision. The study utilizes a descriptiveanalytical approach to examine the legal framework, notably the Law No. 24 of 2013 on Population Administration, and evaluates medical and psychological evidence supporting the petitioner's gender identity. Additionally, comparative analysis of previous cases aids in understanding the application of Indonesian law concerning gender reassignment. The conclusion emphasizes the importance of a fair and legally sound decision that respects societal norms and ensures equitable outcomes for all stakeholders

The Official Travel Order (SPPD) Management System at the Regional People's Representative Council (DPRD) of West Nusa Tenggara (NTB) Province is an important innovation in enhancing the efficiency, transparency, and accountability of official travel administration. Prior to the implementation of this system, SPPD management was carried out manually, leading to various obstacles such as slow processes, administrative errors, and lack of transparency. With the adoption of an information technology-based system, the entire process from creation, approval, to reporting of SPPD can be done electronically. The system provides features for data validation, fillable templates, and automatic notifications to expedite the approval process. Integration with the regional financial system enables more efficient and accurate budget management, while a centralized database simplifies data storage and retrieval. The implementation results show significant improvements in time efficiency, reduction of administrative errors, and enhanced transparency and accountability in the use of official travel budgets. The system also facilitates better data management and supports easier audit processes. Thus, the SPPD Management System at the DPRD of NTB Province has successfully delivered positive impacts on the performance of official travel administration, creating a more productive and responsible work environment.

Administration plays an important role in the success of a school, of course this must be supported by how the application of administrative functions is orderly and organized. This study aims to determine how the application of administrative functions in the Integrated School of Muhamadiyah 36 Medan. This research was conducted with a qualitative method in the form of a survey. The source of data to be obtained comes from the results of interviews and observations of teachers and administrative staff. The results of the research obtained state that Muhamdiyah 36 Medan Integrated Elementary School is an orderly and organized educational institution in accordance with the role of administrative functions to be achieved.