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Social media has become an integral part of adolescent life, including that of junior high school students. While it offers benefits in terms of communication and access to information, social media also brings negative impacts on students’ ethical development, such as impolite behavior, the spread of hoaxes, and cyberbullying. This study aims to describe the strategies implemented by SMP Negeri 05 Kota Bengkulu in addressing the negative effects of social media on student ethics. The research employed a descriptive qualitative method with data collected through interviews, observations, and documentation. The findings reveal that the school implements five main strategies: (1) internal policies such as prohibiting the use of mobile phones during class hours, (2) integration of character education into the curriculum, (3) implementation of digital literacy programs, (4) collaboration with parents in monitoring social media use at home, and (5) positive utilization of social media for publishing student work and promoting digital ethics campaigns. These strategies have proven effective in shaping responsible digital behavior and reinforcing students’ ethical values. These findings align with previous studies that emphasize the importance of character education, digital literacy , and school–parent collaboration in fostering students’ digital ethics. Through an educational and preventive approach, school strategies can serve as an effective solution in addressing ethical challenges in the digital era.

This study examines the influence of transparency and accountability on the performance of public service delivery in Pakpak Bharat Regency. Using a quantitative research design, data were collected through questionnaires administered to residents who accessed public services provided by local government institutions. The data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling with Partial Least Squares (SEM‑PLS) to evaluate the relationships among the studied variables. The findings reveal that both transparency and accountability have a significant positive effect on public service performance, with transparency demonstrating a stronger influence compared to accountability. These results indicate that improving openness in governmental decision‑making processes and strengthening accountability mechanisms in the execution of public duties are essential strategies for enhancing service quality. The study provides practical implications for local governments, emphasizing the need to formulate policies that promote transparent governance and reinforce accountability structures to increase the effectiveness and efficiency of public service delivery. Overall, this research contributes to the growing body of literature on public sector governance by highlighting the critical role of transparency and accountability in improving public service outcomes at the regional level.

This study aims to analyze the influence of service quality, product quality, price perception, and Word of Mouth on eyeglass purchasing decisions at Optik Anugerah Nganjuk. The background of this study is based on the increasing business competition in the optical sector and the increasing consumer awareness of the value, price, and quality of the products they consume. This study uses a quantitative approach with a survey method. The population in this study were all consumers of Optik Anugerah Nganjuk, with a sample of 88 respondents determined using a specific sampling technique. Data collection was carried out by distributing questionnaires compiled based on a Likert scale. The obtained data were analyzed using multiple linear regression methods to determine the influence of independent variables on the dependent variable. The results of the study indicate that partially service quality, price perception, and Word of Mouth have a significant effect on purchasing decisions, while product quality has no significant effect. However, simultaneously, all four independent variables have a significant effect on purchasing decisions. The findings of this study are expected to be strategic considerations for optical managers in improving service quality and the effectiveness of marketing strategies.

This study aims to examine the effects of workload, job stress, and work spirit on employee performance at PT Victory International Futures Surabaya, a financial services company operating in the highly demanding futures trading industry. Employing a quantitative descriptive–correlational approach, data were collected using a Likert-scale questionnaire and analyzed through multiple linear regression using JASP and Partial Least Squares–Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) using WarpPLS, which is suitable for addressing multicollinearity issues and relatively small sample sizes (n = 37). The findings reveal that workload and job stress have significant negative effects on employee performance, whereas work spirit has a significant positive effect and emerges as the most dominant predictor. These results reinforce the Job Demands–Resources (JD–R) theory, which posits that job demands such as workload and stress can reduce performance when not balanced with adequate psychological resources like work spirit. Practically, the study recommends that management optimize workload distribution, implement stress management strategies, and strengthen employee motivation to improve performance sustainably. The study is limited by its small sample size and single-company focus, suggesting that future research should expand the organizational context and incorporate additional variables such as job satisfaction or organizational commitment.  

Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) play a vital role in the Indonesian economy, yet they are vulnerable to various conflicts that can hinder their continuity. Dispute resolution through legal channels (litigation) is often considered inefficient for MSMEs due to the lengthy process, high costs, and inflexibility. Therefore, alternative dispute resolution methods such as mediation and arbitration are considered preferable to litigation. This study aims to analyze the effectiveness of mediation and arbitration in resolving business conflicts among MSMEs in Indonesia, identify inhibiting factors in resolving business conflicts, and provide recommendations for strengthening the accessibility of these mechanisms for MSMEs. The research method used is empirical juridical, combining normative analysis of regulations governing mediation and arbitration with data collection using document studies related to MSMEs. The results indicate that mediation is generally more effective for MSMEs because it is less expensive, simpler, and can maintain business relationships between the parties. However, the success of mediation is also determined by the quality of the mediator and the willingness of both parties. On the other hand, arbitration provides legal certainty and a relatively quicker resolution process compared to litigation. However, the barriers are the relatively high cost and low legal understanding among MSMEs. A comparison of the two shows that the effectiveness of ADR depends heavily on the availability of information, support from service providers, and the MSME's ability to adapt to legal procedures.

The development of the automotive industry, especially automatic motorcycles in Indonesia, is increasingly rapid and triggers fierce competition between manufacturers, including Piaggio with the Vespa Matic LX product which has a unique design, elegant image, and different characteristics from other automatic motorcycles. This study aims to analyze the influence of price perception, promotion, product quality, lifestyle, and brand image on the interest in buying Vespa Matic LX in people in Tegal City. The research approach uses quantitative methods with survey techniques. The study population is the people of Tegal City who use or own a Vespa Matic LX, and because the population is unknown, the sample determination uses the Lemeshow formula so that 100 respondents were obtained. Data analysis included instrument tests, classical assumption tests, and multiple linear regressions with the help of IBM SPSS Statistics 22. The results showed that all variables—price perception, promotion, product quality, lifestyle, and brand image—had a positive and significant effect on purchase interest. These findings confirm that the management of the right marketing strategy in terms of price, promotion, quality, lifestyle, and brand image can increase consumer interest in the Vespa Matic LX. This research provides important implications for companies in formulating marketing strategies that are more effective and oriented to consumer needs.

This qualitative literature review examines the dysfunctional costs that emerge within Management Control Systems (MCS), a critical organizational mechanism designed to align employee behavior with strategic objectives. Although prior studies have extensively explored the benefits of control systems, discussions on the unintended and often hidden costs remain fragmented. This article aims to synthesize theoretical insights and conceptual debates surrounding four major categories of dysfunctional costs: behavioral displacement, game-playing, operating delays, and negative attitudes. Using a traditional literature review approach, the study integrates foundational theories including agency theory, behavioral control theory, and goal-setting theory with contemporary conceptual findings to identify key behavioral mechanisms that trigger dysfunctional outcomes. The review reveals that overly rigid controls, inappropriate performance targets, and misaligned incentives frequently prompt short-termism, budget slack, manipulation, bureaucratic delays, and psychological strain among employees. These dysfunctional costs can surpass direct control costs and reduce organizational adaptability and long-term performance. The study highlights the need for context-sensitive control design, balanced use of results and action controls, and enhanced attention to behavioral responses when implementing MCS. The implications underscore that effective control is achieved not through tighter rules alone but through thoughtful alignment between control mechanisms, human behavior, and organizational context.

This study aims to analyze the relationship between leadership style and effective communication in the decision-making process within an organizational environment. The leadership style applied by a leader is highly instrumental in determining the quality of communication established between the leader and employees. Effective communication characterized by the clear transmission of information, openness to input, and the ability to listen actively can enhance the accuracy of information, speed, and quality of decisions made. Using a qualitative descriptive approach, this research illustrates how leaders employ specific communication styles to foster employee engagement, strengthen coordination, and minimize misunderstandings during the decision-making process. The findings indicate that the more effective the leader's communication style, the better the quality of the resulting decisions, as the process involves a transparent, participatory, and responsive exchange of information. Thus, effective communication is a key element connecting leadership style with successful decision-making within an organization.

Changes in the lifestyles of the younger generation in Padang City have significantly contributed to the growth of the culinary and entertainment sectors, especially in services for birthday celebrations and small banquets presented in aesthetic and personalized packages. In this highly competitive culinary business, a strong branding strategy is essential for building a recognizable brand image and attracting consumers. Improving product quality and quantity, diversifying offerings, and providing a wide variety of products are critical for creating added value and expanding market share. Equally important, effective promotion enables companies to communicate with consumers, influence purchasing decisions, and strengthen brand loyalty. The general equilibrium concept offers a framework to understand how interconnected markets respond to changes in supply, demand, and consumer preferences, highlighting the need for businesses to continuously evaluate and adapt their strategies. This study emphasizes that success in Padang City’s bakery and culinary service industry depends on the integration of branding strategies, ongoing product development, and targeted promotional efforts, ensuring competitiveness, customer satisfaction, and sustainable business growth.

Ethical leadership is a crucial foundation for building an organizational culture of integrity, especially in this era of technological disruption and socio-economic complexity. This study examines how ethical leadership is implemented at Kopdit Bintang Timur, a credit union in Sikka Regency, to shape an organizational culture of integrity. Employing a descriptive narrative method with interview and observation techniques targeting managers and deputy managers, this research finds that ethical values such as honesty, fairness, and mutual cooperation are instilled through leader role modeling, transparent financial management, and active member participation. Key challenges include the difficulty of maintaining ethics amidst personal interests; however, routine oversight systems and fair complaint handling help to maintain integrity. The results indicate that ethical leadership contributes to member trust and organizational sustainability. Recommendations for development include formal ethics training programs and the utilization of technology to enhance transparency.

This study examines the differences between Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) and large corporations in utilizing e-commerce platforms for digital promotion, particularly through collaborations with influencers. The rapid development of digital technology has reshaped business competition and created unequal access to market opportunities, where corporations benefit from strong financial capacity, formal contractual structures, and comprehensive legal compliance, while MSMEs often struggle with limited resources, inconsistent product legality, and informal promotional arrangements. This research aims to analyze comparative practices in digital promotion between the two business scales and evaluate how regulatory frameworks support digital fairness for MSMEs within Indonesia’s e-commerce ecosystem. Using a qualitative method that combines literature review and in-depth interviews with three influencers, the study reveals significant distinctions in collaboration patterns, compensation systems, marketing flexibility, and legal assurance. The findings indicate that MSMEs exhibit higher adaptability and openness toward emerging creators, whereas corporations demonstrate stronger professionalism but lower responsiveness due to bureaucratic structures. The research further highlights persistent digital inequality shaped by differences in legal awareness, operational capacity, and marketing strategy. These findings imply the importance of enhancing MSME digital literacy, strengthening contractual governance, and improving regulatory responsiveness to ensure equitable participation in the digital market. Strengthening cooperative efforts between government, digital platforms, and influencer communities is essential for building a fairer and more inclusive e-commerce environment.

The Family Hope Program (PKH) is one of the main instruments of social protection policies in Indonesia that aims to reduce poverty through conditional social assistance. However, in its implementation, this program still faces various problems related to the accuracy of the aid distribution targets, especially in urban areas such as Jagakarsa District, South Jakarta. This study aims to analyze various problems in the distribution of PKH social assistance, assess their impact on the effectiveness of poverty alleviation, and identify strategies that can ensure targeted assistance. The approach used is qualitative descriptive with a case study method, through data collection techniques in the form of in-depth interviews, participatory observations, and documentation of PKH companions, Beneficiary Families (KPM), and village officials in Jagakarsa District. The results of the study show that although PKH has provided real benefits for most KPMs, its implementation is still constrained by inaccurate data, limited capacity of companions, low digital literacy, and weak coordination between agencies. On the other hand, targeted distribution of assistance has been proven to increase access to education and health, improve household economic conditions, and encourage behavioral changes towards independence. Therefore, an integrated strategy is needed including strengthening the capacity of social companions, digitizing the distribution system, active community participation, and local culture-based empowerment education to ensure the long-term effectiveness of PKH in reducing poverty rates.

This study investigates the role of higher education institutions (HEIs) in strengthening social entrepreneurship ecosystems in Malang Raya, Indonesia. Using an explanatory sequential mixed-method design, quantitative data were collected from 100–150 respondents representing key ecosystem actors, including faculty members, students, social entrepreneurs, supporting institutions, and government stakeholders. Quantitative data were analyzed using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with LISREL software, while qualitative data from 15–25 key informants were analyzed thematically through in-depth interviews and focus group discussions (FGD). The study integrates Resource-Based View (RBV), Triple Helix Model, and Social Capital Theory to develop a comprehensive framework. Findings demonstrate that HEIs significantly influence ecosystem sustainability, although some relationships show non-significant effects due to external factors and institutional readiness. The study recommends implementing collaborative strategies based on the triple helix model and strengthening social capital to enhance the social entrepreneurship ecosystem. This research contributes to advancing community-based entrepreneurship theory and provides practical implications for policymakers and institutional leaders in Indonesia.

The effectiveness of a retail store layout plays a crucial role in supporting operational efficiency, service flow, and customer experience. Brother Parfume, a perfume refill retail store, currently applies a bar-service layout designed based on intuition and daily operational needs rather than systematic planning. This often results in inefficient movement patterns, limited space utilization, and suboptimal coordination among functional areas. This study aims to redesign the store layout by applying the Entity Relationship Chart (ERC) and Total Closeness Rating (TCR) methods to identify functional relationships and determine the ideal spatial arrangement. Data were collected through direct observation and semi-structured interviews with the store owner to understand the interaction between service areas, product displays, and storage sections. The ERC analysis shows that the service area, perfume display, and bottle display have the highest functional interdependence, while the storage area has the lowest necessity for proximity. TCR results confirm these findings, with the service area and perfume display each scoring 90, bottle display 21, and storage 3. Based on these results, two alternative layouts are proposed that integrate high-priority areas into a unified service zone and position storage separately to minimize unnecessary movement. The redesigned layout is expected to enhance service speed, optimize space utilization, support operational procedures, and strengthen the store’s servicescape. This research contributes practical insights into the application of ERC and TCR methods for small-scale retail operations, particularly in the perfume refill sector, where service efficiency and spatial constraints are critical.

Pancasila, as the foundational ideology of Indonesia, plays a fundamental role in shaping a democratic system and ensuring the protection of human rights based on justice. From Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s perspective, Pancasila is not merely a normative ideology but serves as a political and legal paradigm that integrates the values of divinity, humanity, unity, democracy, and social justice into the practice of governance. According to Yusril, Indonesian democracy cannot be equated with Western liberalism, which emphasizes individual freedom; rather, it is a constitutional democracy grounded in the moral and spiritual foundations of Pancasila. The values of Pancasila position human rights in a balanced relationship between rights and responsibilities, as well as between individual and collective interests of the nation. Thus, democracy and human rights, in Yusril’s view, are integralistic—citizens’ freedoms are directed toward realizing social j  ustice and order in national life. This article aims to examine Yusril Ihza Mahendra’s thoughts on the relationship between Pancasila, democracy, and human rights, and their relevance within the context of Indonesia’s contemporary constitutional system.

This study aims to analyze the role of teachers in strengthening the Pancasila Student Profile (P5) as an effort to develop the character of third-grade students at SDN Kestalan. Strengthening P5 is an essential component of the Merdeka Curriculum because it functions to shape students’ character holistically through six main dimensions. However, the implementation of P5 in elementary schools still faces several challenges, such as uneven teacher understanding, less structured planning, and diverse student characteristics. This research uses a qualitative descriptive approach with observation, interview, and documentation techniques to obtain in-depth data on teacher practices, integration strategies, obstacles, and the impact of P5 implementation. The results show that teachers have an adequate understanding of the P5 concept and strive to integrate it through interactive lectures, question-and-answer sessions, simple experiments, the habituation of the 5S culture, and creative projects that actively involve students. The obstacles encountered are generally related to discipline issues, emotional immaturity, limited facilities, and suboptimal parental involvement. However, these challenges can be reduced through personal approaches, positive motivation, support from school facilities, and collaboration with parents. The implementation of P5 has been proven to have a positive impact on students’ character development, especially in the aspects of politeness, cooperation, responsibility, and self-confidence. Therefore, the strategic role of teachers and the support of a conducive learning environment are key factors in the success of character strengthening through P5.         

Education plays a very important role in shaping morality, character, and self-esteem. Through Delors (1996), UNESCO outlines four pillars of modern education: learning to know, learning to do, learning to be, and learning to live together, which support human development. These principles have long been integrated into the Islamic educational tradition through the concept of Kaffah  Islam, which encourages faith, knowledge, and charity. The purpose of this study is to analyze the relevance and integration of UNESCO's educational principles from the perspective of Kaffah  and to analyze their implementation during the colonial era. Through a qualitative approach and literature review, the research findings show philosophical and practical agreement between the two paradigms. Islamic education during the colonial era not only served as a means of teaching religious knowledge but also as a means of fostering moral character, social solidarity, and a sense of responsibility in the face of a discriminatory education system. Thus, the integration of UNESCO and Kaffah  Islam shows that Islamic education had adopted the concept of holistic education before the formation of modern UNESCO. To support civilized independent education, it is important to contextualize these values in order to strengthen national education that balances knowledge, skills, spirituality, and social solidarity. 

Blasting and crushing are essential stages in the limestone mining process; however, both stages may contribute to material volume loss due to technical factors and geological conditions. This study aims to analyze the blasted volume, crushed volume, and the amount of volume loss occurring throughout these processes. The research utilizes primary data including blasting geometry, blasting patterns, crushing production, and secondary data such as regional geology and equipment specifications. Based on 15 blasting activities conducted from October to December 2024, the total blasted volume reached 71,691 tons with an average powder factor of 0.23 kg/m³. Meanwhile, the total volume produced from secondary crushing was 71,575 tons. The comparison indicates volume loss influenced by suboptimal fragmentation, rock characteristics, work efficiency of the crushing unit, and operational constraints in the field. The results of this study are expected to serve as a reference for optimizing blasting design and crushing operations to minimize volume loss and improve overall mining productivity.

Hypertension is one of the major health problems in the elderly and increases the risk of cardiovascular disease. The low level of knowledge among the elderly about risk factors and prevention of hypertension is one of the challenges in controlling this disease. This study aims to determine the effectiveness of health education in increasing the knowledge of the elderly about hypertension at the Meohai Center in Kendari City. The study design used a pre-experimental approach with pre-test and post-test without a control group, involving 22 elderly individuals. The education was conducted through interactive lectures and visual educational media. The results showed an increase in the average knowledge score from 8.04 to 9.09 after the intervention, with a paired t-test yielding a p-value of 0.007, indicating a significant difference. These findings indicate that counseling is effective in increasing the knowledge of the elderly about hypertension. The implications of this study emphasize the importance of continuous education programs to support hypertension prevention efforts in the elderly

This study aims to investigate the effects of tamarind leaf extract (Tamarindus indica L.) on neuropharmacological activity in mice using calculated percentages of responses based on the parameters PSM, SSSP, DSSP, SL, RO, SM, PSL, and ANA. This research was conducted as a laboratory experiment using a completely randomized design (CRD) with three treatment concentrations: 1%, 2%, and 4%. Observations were performed to assess the percentage of activity produced by each sample concentration, followed by descriptive–quantitative analysis to determine the dose–response pattern. The results showed that tamarind leaf extract produced varying responses across concentrations. The SSSP, ANA, and RO effects demonstrated increased activity at the 2% concentration, whereas other parameters (PSM, PSL, SM, SL, and DSSP) showed decreased activity. Interestingly, the SSSP parameter exhibited a positive dose–response pattern with the highest activity of 55.84% at 2%. Overall, the effectiveness of tamarind leaf extract depends on the concentration level. The 2% concentration appears to be the optimal dose for several neuropharmacological effects, while the 4% concentration was most effective only for SSSP. These findings highlight the importance of multi-concentration testing to determine effective dosing of natural products for biological applications and the need for further investigation.