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Cases of child sexual abuse in Indonesia continue to show an alarming trend and have serious physical, psychological and social impacts on victims. This research aims to analyze the legal and social implications of these criminal acts and formulate responsive and adaptive legal protection strategies. The research method uses a normative-juridical approach through a literature study, supported by secondary data from scientific journals, laws and regulations, and official reports. The results of the study show that although child protection regulations have been regulated in Law Number 35 of 2014 and Law Number 12 of 2022, their implementation still faces obstacles, such as weak law enforcement, lack of assistance services, and low public legal awareness. Protection strategies based on the victim's perspective, community legal education, and utilization of digital technology are proposed as solutions. This research recommends inter-agency synergy and the strengthening of a legal system that is adaptive to social and digital developments

In the development of children's motor skills is also influenced by the environment, another thing is the difficulty of children in following learning, some are still accompanied and assisted by their parents, some are not confident, do not want to gather with friends, have difficulty adjusting to their environment. This study aims to determine the interaction between dance learning and music creativity learning on gross motor skills. This study uses a literature review approach, this method is an activity that examines various references and results of previous similar studies, which are useful for obtaining a theoretical basis for the problems studied by reading various books or sources. The results of the study showed an interaction between dance learning and music learning on children's gross motor skills creativity.

The development of early childhood social-emotional intelligence is an important aspect in the formation of character and social adaptability of children. This community service activity aims to enhance the understanding and competence of teachers and prospective PAUD educators through a national seminar that focuses on their strategic role in supporting children's social-emotional development. The implementation method is an interactive seminar involving expert speakers, group discussions, and practical case studies. The results of the activity showed a significant increase in participants' knowledge of the concept of social emotional intelligence, effective learning techniques, and strategies for managing children's emotions and positive social interactions. In addition, this seminar succeeded in encouraging teachers and prospective educators to apply a more empathetic and responsive learning approach to the emotional needs of early childhood. This activity makes a significant contribution to strengthening the role of educators as primary facilitators in the development of children's social-emotional intelligence, which ultimately supports the creation of a conducive and inclusive learning environment.

This study aims to analyze how group dance activities can contribute to the social development of early childhood. Social development in childhood is very important because it is the basis for children's ability to interact, cooperate, and build relationships with their surroundings. The method used in this study is descriptive qualitative with observation, interview, and documentation techniques for children involved in group dance activities at one of the PAUD institutions. The results of the study showed that through group dance activities, children showed improvements in terms of cooperation, communication, empathy, and the ability to follow rules and take turns. These activities also facilitate children in recognizing social roles and building self-confidence. Thus, group dance activities can be used as an effective strategy in supporting the social development of early childhood.

This study aims to examine the implementation of kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence learning in early childhood. The background of this research is the importance of developing multiple intelligences in early childhood, especially kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence which often receive less attention in formal learning. The research methods used include limited participatory observation, in-depth interviews with teachers, and documentation of children's work and lesson planning documents. The results of the research at TKIT Siti Khadijah show that the learning activities designed consistently support the development of children's multiple intelligences. A case study of a child named Abbil showed significant progress in visual-spatial intelligence through coloring activities, assembling lego blocks, and basic introduction to visual programming. In the kinesthetic aspect, Abbil showed good body coordination through morning exercises and traditional games such as engklek, as well as social-kinesthetic skills in group games. This study concludes that developing kinesthetic and visual-spatial intelligence through a holistic and fun learning approach can help children reach their full potential.

This article discusses the implementation of movement and dance arts learning in Smart and Cheerful PAUD as an effort to optimize early childhood development. Movement and dance arts activities have been proven to have a positive impact on gross and fine motor skills, creativity, social-emotional, and children's self-expression. This study used observation and ability test methods on children's participation in art activities. The results showed that most children were able to follow simple dance movements, recognize musical rhythms, dare to perform, and demonstrate good body coordination. Movement and dance arts learning not only supports physical and emotional growth, but also strengthens children's love for local culture. Therefore, movement and dance arts need to be made an integral part of the PAUD curriculum in a structured and enjoyable way, so that they can have a holistic impact on children's development.

This research is motivated by the social problems of junior high school children in Panggul Village, Trenggalek, whose parents work as female migrant workers. The children show symptoms of lack of socialization, low self-confidence, and minimal emotional support from their mothers. This study aims to analyze the social competence and social responsibility of these children. The approach used is qualitative with a case study method. Informants consisted of 11 people, namely TKW husbands, substitute families, community leaders, and junior high school children. Data collection techniques include in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. The results of this study indicate that junior high school children in Panggul Village who are left by their parents as TKW have the ability to interact with family, friends, and the community, but tend to have less understanding of the social conditions around them due to their indifference and lack of self-confidence. They are closed, have minimal empathy due to lack of role models from parents, and only show concern for peers. In terms of responsibility, these children have awareness of interacting with family, but still lack overall concern.  

This study investigated pronunciation errors in early childhood when singing the song “Burung Kakatua”. The purpose of this study was to identify, classify and analyze phonological errors that occurred based on the theory of generative phonology. The research method used was descriptive qualitative research with data collection techniques in the form of observation and recording, on four children aged 2-5 years. Based on the results of the study, the most common pronunciation errors were phoneme substitution (pronunciation of consonant /r/ to /l/), omission of consonant clusters, and phoneme errors in polysyllabic words. Phonological analysis revealed that these errors were related to the development of the child’s speech organs and the complexity of sounds in the song. This study contributes to our understanding of language acquisition and phonological development in early childhood and provides educational implications for educators and parents who help children acquire correct pronunciation through song media.

One of the effective learning methods is the development of media and learning resources. The use of interesting and appropriate media for children in MI/SD is very important because children tend to learn through visuals and audio. Learning resources and learning media are very important to increase student motivation, make learning easier to understand, and make learning active and fun. Using a literature study methodology, this study investigates the ideas, roles, and importance of media and learning resources in the learning process. The results show how important the role of teachers is in selecting and developing learning media, as well as how important it is to manage a learning resource center to ensure high-quality basic education.

Acute Otitis Media (AOM) is a common middle ear infection in children, particularly in rural areas. This study aims to explore the clinical characteristics of AOM in children treated at rural health centers (puskesmas) and to examine the barriers to effective management. A descriptive qualitative method was employed through a literature review analyzing symptoms, stages, risk factors, and treatment approaches. The findings reveal that AOM in children often begins with an upper respiratory tract infection and presents with sudden ear pain, high fever, sleep disturbances, and ear discharge. Risk factors include young age, poor environmental conditions, and limited access to healthcare services. Management of AOM depends on its clinical stage and requires accurate diagnosis. However, in rural puskesmas, a lack of diagnostic tools and limited public awareness often leads to delayed treatment. Therefore, it is essential to provide health workers with basic ENT training, ensure the availability of diagnostic equipment, and educate parents to enable early detection and prevent complications that could affect a child’s development.

This research aims to analyze the impact of family socio-economic conditions on the interest in learning of preschool children (ages 3-6) at KB Darussalam Sidoarjo. Interest in learning at an early age is an important foundation for children's cognitive and socio-emotional development in the future. However, this interest does not exist in isolation but is greatly influenced by the child's immediate environment, namely the family and its socio-economic conditions. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand how the fulfillment of children's basic needs, which is often related to socio-economic conditions, affects their motivation and interest in learning. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, focusing on KB Darussalam Sidoarjo. Data is collected through in-depth interviews with parents/guardians and teachers, as well as participatory observation of children in the learning environment. The research results show that the socio-economic conditions of families have a significant and multifaceted impact on the learning interest of preschool children. Economic limitations can hinder the fulfillment of children's physiological needs and their sense of safety, which directly reduces their energy and focus on learning. In addition, socio-economic conditions affect the quality of parent-child interactions and the availability of learning stimulation at home, which are crucial to fostering a sense of love, belonging, and appreciation in children. An environment that inadequately supports basic needs tends to result in lower levels of interest in learning.

This article explores the strategies used by early childhood teachers at TK Pelangi in managing learning activities based on children’s needs and the outcomes of training programs they have attended. The main focus is on how teachers apply training outcomes into daily classroom practice while adjusting to each child's developmental stage and individual characteristics. At TK Pelangi, teachers plan learning activities by considering each child’s interests, talents, and specific needs. In practice, they create a dynamic, enjoyable, and contextual learning environment to help children better absorb the material. Training outcomes are used as a foundation to develop more innovative methods, media, and approaches. Continuous evaluation is carried out to assess the effectiveness of the strategies. The findings show that managing learning based on children's needs and training results significantly improves the quality of teaching interactions and positively contributes to the overall development of children at TK Pelangi.  

brings various challenges as well as opportunities in efforts to improve the quality of early The implementation of the Independent Curriculum in Early Childhood Education (PAUD) childhood education in Indonesia. This article discusses the views of teachers regarding the implementation of the Independent Curriculum, highlighting aspects of understanding, implementation, and impact. Based on the results of the questionnaire and in-depth analysis, it is known that most teachers have understood the Independent Curriculum quite well, although more optimal training and mentoring are still needed. Obstacles faced in its implementation include limited facilities and infrastructure, lack of support from management, and challenges in adapting new learning approaches. Even so, the Independent Curriculum has been proven to have a positive influence on children's enthusiasm for learning and increase parental participation in the education process. In conclusion, with the cooperation and commitment of various parties to continue to improve the quality of PAUD, the Independent Curriculum has great potential to provide innovation and maximum benefits for the growth and development of children in Indonesia.

This study aims to examine the role of the traditional rope jumping game in stimulating the development of gross motor skills and social skills of early childhood at Kiddi Care Kindergarten. The method used is descriptive qualitative, with data collection techniques through direct observation and interviews with accompanying teachers. The results of the observation indicate that the rope jumping game can enhance children's motor coordination, balance, agility, and muscle strength, which are crucial components of gross motor development. In addition, this game also strengthens children's abilities in concentration, discipline, and cooperation. Children appear enthusiastic, can follow the rules, and show positive social interactions during the activity. Interviews with teachers support these findings, where teachers state that the rope jumping game is an effective means of training physical skills while shaping children's character. Based on these results, it can be concluded that the traditional rope jumping game is a worthy addition to early childhood learning as a fun and holistic educational medium.

This study explores the methods applied by teachers in teaching dance to early childhood children at RA Aisyiyah and its influence on their development. Dance learning does not only focus on motor skills, but also includes children's cognitive, emotional, and social growth. By implementing methods such as demonstration, imitation, imaginative play, and free exploration, teachers at RA Aisyiyah can foster creativity, discipline, and collaboration in children. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach that takes data from observations and literature reviews. The findings show that the role of teachers is crucial as creative developers in the dance learning process, by adapting methods according to the challenges that arise, such as the child's level of focus, limited space, and variations in interests. This article highlights the importance of a combination of flexible learning methods to optimize the potential of early childhood in the fields of art and character education.

Traditional games are an integral part of children's lives, providing not only pleasure but also serving as an educational tool that supports physical development, particularly in gross motor skills. This study aims to determine the effect of the traditional Kalari game on the development of gross motor skills in early childhood. The research method used is quantitative descriptive with observation techniques through checklist instruments in 9 children aged 4-5 years at Kiddi Care Kindergarten, Gorontalo City. The results showed that most children showed good gross motor development, where 10 children had met all motor indicators, such as the ability to jump, run zigzag, and maintain balance, 6 children met some of the indicators, and 2 children still showed limitations. Activities in the Kalari game provide opportunities for children to actively move, coordinate, and work together in a team, so that they can stimulate gross motor skills in a fun way. In addition, this game also instills character values ​​such as discipline, sportsmanship, and togetherness. Thus, the traditional Kalari game is very effective and worthy of being used as a learning medium to develop gross motor skills while strengthening children's character from an early age.

This study aims to examine the role of the traditional Ponti game in fostering values ​​of togetherness in early childhood at PAUD Kiddi Care Gorontalo. The Ponti game is a typical Gorontalo game that contains educational values ​​such as honesty, cooperation, discipline, sportsmanship, and tolerance. Using a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through direct observation, semi-structured interviews with teachers and principals, and documentation of children's activities while playing. The results of the observations showed that children showed increased social skills, the ability to work together, and the development of positive attitudes such as honesty and sportsmanship during the game. However, several challenges were also identified, including children's limited understanding of the game's rules, fear of losing, and inadequate play facilities, which hindered the optimal implementation of activities. Interviews with teachers and principals revealed that the Ponti game plays a major role in shaping children's social character and strengthening local cultural identity. However, intensive guidance, emotional habituation, and support facilities are needed to maximize the benefits of this game. These findings suggest that the traditional Ponti game is not only an effective medium of entertainment but also a fun and contextual learning tool that can shape children's character as a whole. Therefore, Ponti games need to be integrated consistently into early childhood learning activities and supported by cultural preservation programs and relevant education policies.

The "Great Kids, Great Time Managers" training module is designed to instill essential understanding and skills in time management, responsibility, and independence in elementary school-aged children. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of this training module in enhancing these three aspects in children. The method employed is descriptive qualitative with a case study approach, involving observation and interviews during the training implementation. The training results showed an increase in children's awareness and ability to manage time, complete tasks responsibly, and perform daily activities independently. This training contributes to the development of positive and adaptive children's character in the modern era.

Street-level bureaucracy refers to the role of frontline bureaucrats who directly engage with the public in the implementation of public policies, including stunting management. In Sidoarjo Regency, stunting remains a critical public health issue with long-term implications for human capital development, despite the government’s continuous efforts to reduce its prevalence. Actors such as posyandu cadres, health center personnel, and officials from the District Health Office serve as the front line in detecting stunting cases, delivering nutritional counseling, monitoring child growth, and connecting communities with essential health services. However, the effectiveness of these roles is often constrained by limited resources, excessive workloads, lack of adequate training, and insufficient incentives that do not reflect the complexity of their responsibilities. Furthermore, policy implementation is frequently hindered by weak inter-sectoral coordination, low community engagement, and the gap between administrative guidelines and the realities faced in the field. The discretionary power held by these street-level bureaucrats becomes both a strength and a challenge—allowing for flexible adaptation to local needs while raising concerns about accountability and service consistency. Addressing stunting effectively at the local level requires strategic capacity-building for implementers through continuous training, fair compensation, and strengthened collaboration among governmental actors and other stakeholders. These efforts must be integrated, holistic, and sustainable in order to truly tackle the root causes of stunting and generate meaningful improvements in public health outcomes.

Traditional games play an important role in early childhood development, particularly in stimulating creativity and social skills. One such game from Gorontalo, Indonesia is Awuta, which is now rarely played but holds great potential in supporting children's growth. Awuta enhances fine and gross motor skills, encourages strategic thinking, and fosters teamwork. The game also incorporates cultural and philosophical values about the cycle of life and death. This study uses a qualitative literature approach to explore how Awuta supports cognitive, social, and physical development while strengthening cultural identity. Reviving traditional games like Awuta is crucial for balanced learning and character education in the digital era.