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Sebatik Island is one of the 92 outermost small islands located in North Kalimantan province and directly adjacent to neighboring Malaysia, Malaysia. In 2011, the Sebatik Region was split again into five Districts, namely Sebatik District, West Sebatik District, East Sebatik District, North Sebatik District, and Central Sebatik District. The strategic location which is on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia as well as the potential for abundant natural resources makes Sebatik Island a cross-country strategic area. However, behind the various potentials it has, Sebatik Island has various problems, especially in the management of development and increasing the social resilience of the region. Social resilience on Sebatik Island can be realized through a power that synergizes with one another both in political, social, economic and natural resource aspects. Social resilience in the community is also highly dependent on a number of assets or potential. From these problems and problems, the researcher made a formulation of the problem, namely what is the impact of changing the boundary points on Sebatik Island on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia in the perspective of the Uti Prossidentis principle. With the aim of this writing is to analyze and find out about the impact of changing the boundary points on Sebatik Island on the border of Indonesia and Malaysia in the perspective of the Uti Prossidentis principle. The type of research conducted in this writing is descriptive research, meaning that the author tries to describe the problems that occur in the border area between Indonesia and Malaysia related to the point of change of the boundary point between Indonesia and Malaysia on Sebatik Island. In this matter, even though the governments of the two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, have made various efforts both technically in the field and in border areas, especially at the boundary point on Sebatik Island, North Kalimantan, in the process of these efforts, the two countries, Indonesia and Malaysia, must involve academics. to support the quality of preparation and implementation strategies that will later be carried out by the relevant government. So that there is good and structured coordination between Ministries and Institutions, both central Institutions and Regional Institutions.  

Ibn Khaldun's thoughts on the philosophy of Islamic education reflect his valuable contribution in understanding the role of education in the formation and advancement of civilization. In his famous work, "Muqaddimah," Ibn Khaldun expresses a rich and relevant view of education in the Islamic context. Ibn Khaldun considers education as an important element in the formation of individual character and civilization. For him, Islamic education must include moral, ethical, and spiritual dimensions. Ibnu Khaldun argues that early education has a central role in forming the foundation of social life, and emphasizes the importance of providing good education to children from an early age. Apart from early education, Ibn Khaldun also recognized the importance of formal education in forming educated individuals. He recognized the value of knowledge and expertise in community development, and suggested that educational institutions such as madrasas and universities should provide knowledge that is scientific and skill-based. However, Ibn Khaldun also stressed the importance of experiential education in Islamic thought and understanding. He emphasizes that direct experience in social and political interactions brings a deeper understanding of the dynamics of society. According to him, this experience enables individuals to gain wisdom and contextual understanding which is crucial in understanding and applying Islamic teachings in everyday life. In his thoughts, Ibn Khaldun made education a means to achieve social justice and progress of civilization. He recognized the importance of acquiring knowledge and skills, but also emphasized the need for solid moral and spiritual education. For him, Islamic education must combine religious teachings with scientific understanding and practical experience to create individuals who are committed to the good and benefit of humanity.    

Literature is one of the important things in language. There are various types of literary works, one of it is poetry. Poetry is defined as a literary work used by the author as a medium in expressing all the imagination, feelings, or emotions of the author. The process of casting imagination is done by adding supporting elements of poetry to give an element of beauty to each line of poetry. This analysis aims to find out the element that contain the poem titled “A Poison Tree” by William Blake. This research is used descriptive qualitative to describe all the elements that found in the poem. Based on the result, there are nine elements found including the imaginary, the metaphor, the symbol, the paradox, the allusion, the meaning and idea, the tone, the rhyme, and the rhythm.

The low ability of students in identifying life values ​​in short story texts is the background of this research. One of the causes of this is the lack of use of appropriate learning models by educators. In addition, as a result of the lack of utilization of appropriate learning models, namely the low level of students' critical thinking skills. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model in learning to identify life values ​​in short story texts. This study also aims to examine the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model in improving students' critical thinking skills. As well as examining differences in students' abilities in identifying life values ​​in short story texts and differences in students' critical thinking abilities in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model and the control class using the discussion method. The method used in this research is a quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group design. The results of the research are based on the Wilcoxon test of the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. That is, it can be concluded that there are differences in the learning outcomes of students identifying life values ​​in short story texts between the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model and the control class using the discussion method. As for the results of the Mann-Whitney test, the Asymp value. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.000 < 0.05. That is, the Discovery Learning model is effectively used in learning to identify life values ​​in short story texts. Then the results of calculating the average value of students' critical thinking skills in the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model are 3.7 and in the control class using the discussion method namely 3.4. That is, it can be concluded that there are differences in students' critical thinking abilities. This shows that the Discovery Learning model is effective in improving students' critical thinking skills.

This research is motivated by the low ability of students to identify complications in short stories. The lack of variety of learning models used by educators is one of the causes. The selection of various learning models will greatly influence the process of learning activities so that they become active, creative and innovative in order to improve the quality of students. One learning model that is effectively used is Discovery Learning. In addition, the low ability to collaborate is also due to the lack of assignments given in groups by educators to students. The purpose of this study was to examine the effectiveness of the Discovery Learning model used in increasing the ability to identify complications in short stories and to improve students' collaboration skills. In addition, this study aims to examine differences in the ability to identify complications in short stories and the ability to collaborate between the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model and the control class using the discussion method. The method used is a quasi-experimental method with nonequivalent control group design. The results obtained based on the Wilcoxon test are the Asymp values. Sig. (2-tailed) <.001 or 0.001 <0.05, it can be concluded that there is a difference between students' learning outcomes in identifying complications in short stories between the experimental class using the Discovery Learning model and the control class using the discussion method. The results obtained based on the Mann Whitney-U test are the Asymp values. Sig. (2-tailed) of 0.010 <0.05, meaning that the Discovery Learning model is effectively used in learning. The value of collaborating in the experimental class has an average (mean) of 3.61 and the control class has an average (mean) of 3.47, meaning Discovery Learning model that it is very effective in improving collaboration skills.

Language as a means of human communication has become one of the interesting studies from time to time considering that language is dynamic. The science that studies language is linguistics, in which between branches of linguistics there is comparative historical linguistics. This study aims to describe how comparative linguistic studies are between Javanese regional languages and Malay regional languages. This research uses descriptive qualitative and quantitative methods. Qualitatively it functions to collect data and analyze it both orally and in writing, while quantitatively to get comparisons and the number of percentages between language kinships obtained by using lexicostatistics techniques. The data source for this research is a Pontianak Malay language text entitled Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh . The steps taken to determine language kinship are: (1) determine the basic vocabulary of Bawang Merah and Bawang Puteh folklore, (2) determine the pairs of the two languages, (3) determine the time of separation and age of language kinship. Based on the results of the analysis, Javanese and Malay were the only languages between 2325 – 1845 years ago. Javanese and Malay languages separated into a proto language between 302 - 178 AD (calculated by 2023).

Micro, Small and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) have an important role as a driving force for the Indonesian economy. Kampung Kue Menur UMKM is no exception, which has business potential to develop. However, there are several obstacles faced by MSMEs that can interfere with their development. According to the results of a survey conducted by interviewing MSMEs, it can be seen that there are obstacles to their financial management. The difficulties of MSMEs in preparing simple bookkeeping and determining product selling prices are the main problems faced by MSMEs. Therefore, there is a need for socialization and simple financial bookkeeping training for MSMEs. So that with this dedication, it can be aimed at helping the SMEs of Kampung Kue Menur improve their ability to manage their business finances by carrying out simple financial bookkeeping. The results of the dedication carried out are that MSMEs realize and implement financial bookkeeping in their businesses that have a very important positive impact on businesses such as measuring their business performance, being able to separate personal and business finances, and managing business finances easily.

The Covid-19 vaccine is a breakthrough to fight and treat Covid-19. The family in a situation like this is the first and main defense system for the country in preventing the spread of Covid-19 transmission. It is the role inherent in the family that needs to be optimized as a preventive strategy in dealing with Covid-19 through the Covid-19 vaccine. This research aims to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and perception of the community with Covid-19 vaccination in North Lembang Rano, Rano District, Tana Toraja Regency in 2022. This research method is observational with a cross-sectional approach, the sample size is 92 respondents who are representative of the population. The sampling technique in this research is purposive sampling technique. Data was collected using a questionnaire and tested statistically with the help of the SPSS computer program, and presented in the form of tables and narratives. From the results of this research, it was found that the majority of respondents were female, namely 57 people (62.0%), the majority of respondents aged 31-50 were 49 people (53.3%), the majority of respondents worked as farmers, namely 35 people (38%) The majority respondents with good knowledge were 84 people (91.3%), the majority of respondents with good perception were 90 people (97.8%) and the majority of respondents with good Covid-19 vaccination were 49 people (53.3%). The results of the Fisher's Exact Test statistical test showed that there was a relationship between the level of knowledge and Covid-19 vaccination with a p-value = 0.006 and it was also found that there was a relationship between public perception and Covid-19 vaccination with a p-value = 0.007. Based on the results of this research, it can be concluded that there is a relationship between the level of knowledge and perception of the community with Covid-19 vaccination in North Lembang Rano, Rano District, Tana Toraja Regency in 2022. It is recommended for the public to increase Covid-19 vaccination and always maintain their health by having regular check-ups and Always adopt a healthy lifestyle to avoid health problems.    

Nowadays, in health care facilities, whether in hospitals, health centres, or clinics, there is often a large number of patient visits that can cause delays in operational activities. Delays are caused by a lot of waste in patient flow activities in health facilities. Therefore, the application of Lean six sigma in improving patient flow is needed to overcome this. This research uses the Literature Review method where data collection and processing by referring to previously existing research in the last 5 years, namely 2019-2023. The literature was obtained through Google Scholar and journal databases using the keywords Lean Six Sigma, patient flow, and health service facilities. The number of journals used as a reference for previous related research in compiling this research is 6 journals. The results obtained from the six articles state that the application of lean six sigma in healthcare facilities has proven effective in improving patient flow. And this way is very effective of course to do.

Pain is an uncomfortable and highly individualized feeling that others cannot feel. Lidocaine is a drug to relieve pain or has a numbing effect on the body. This study aims to determine the effect of lidocaine use on the pain level of urinary retention patients during catheter insertion in the emergency room of Dr Haryoto Lumajang Hospital. The research design used quasi-experiments with Two Group Post-test design. Accidental sampling was used to determine the number of samples and obtained 30 respondents, every 15 people in the intervention group and control group. The pain was measured using the NRS (Numeric Rating Scale) pain scale. The intervention group was given lidocaine 2% as much as one ampoule mixed with lubricant inserted into the urethra using a syringe. The control group only used lubricant. Statistical tests using the Mann-Whitney U Test. In the intervention group, 11 (73.3%) respondents experienced mild pain, and 4 (26.7%) respondents felt moderate pain. In the control group, 14 (93.3%) respondents experienced moderate pain and 1 (6.7%) respondent felt severe pain. Statistical test with a p-value of 0.000 means that lidocaine use has an effect on the pain level of patients with urine retention during catheter insertion. Taking into account the findings of this study, nursing can play a role in improving patient experience and providing better care during catheter insertion in patients with urine retention.

At this time many see that the application of financial literacy knowledge in Cipuk MSMEs has not been applied optimally. However, with advances in technology, it has a method of applying business management knowledge so that these MSMEs can be more advanced. This business management science is financial literacy, which is to understand and apply various financial skills, such as managing personal savings, making budgeting, and investing. Not only that, MSMEs can add new flavor innovations due to the limited flavors in Cipuk preparations. The result of this service is that the Cipuk MSME partners understand more about financial literacy, understand more about making budgeting, financial bookkeeping and others, and add taste innovation, namely, so that MSME products are more varied and consumers don't feel bored with the taste of existing products.

This study aims to analyze the amount in circulation and interest rates on inflation in Indonesia. Based on the source, the type of data in this study is secondary data, because the data collected is data in the form of numbers or numbers. The data used is quantitative data from January 2016 to December 2021 with this research conducted in Indonesia. This research is a qualitative descriptive study with a literature method through literature studies supported by secondary data obtained from Bank Indonesia and the Indonesian Central Bureau of Statistics. The results of this study explain that the money supply and interest rates affect the high and low inflation that occurs in Indonesia.

The research aims to find out the history of development and monetary policy of the Central Bank of Indonesia in financial stability. This type of research is descriptive qualitative research with a literature study research method through literature study. The results of this study explain that the Central Bank is an institution that has an important role in the economy of a nation, especially in the fields of monetary, finance and banking. The purpose of the central bank as stated in the Indonesian Law No. 23 Year 1999 Chapter 3 Article 7 is to achieve and maintain rupiah stability. Another role of Bank Indonesia is in terms of channeling money, especially currency or paper and metal where Bank Indonesia has the sole right to distribute currency. Bank Indonesia has three pillars which are its three areas of duties: setting and implementing monetary policy, regulating and maintaining a smooth payment system, and regulating and supervising banking in Indonesia.

The aims of this study were to find out: 1) e-module eligibility for basic competence in applying plain cake in terms of material and media, and 2) e-module feasibility for basic competency in applying plain cake from the user's point of view.The development model in this study is ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, Evaluation) which is carried out until the third stage of Development. Subjects for the feasibility of the e- module from the user's point of view were 23 students of SMKN 1 Cerme Gresik in the Culinary Expertise Field. The feasibility assessment of the e-module in terms of material and media was carried out by material experts and media experts, each consisting of 3 material experts and 3 media experts. The data collection instruments used in this study were questionnaires, which consisted of: 1) expert feasibility assessment questionnaires, and 2) user feasibility assessment questionnaires. The questionnaire will be assessed using a Likert scale with 5 rating scales, then will be grouped based on Likert scale score interpretation criteria. The data analysis technique used in this study is descriptive quantitative which will explain the results of the assessment by percentage. The results of this study are: 1) e-module feasibility in terms of material and media is very feasible (91.3% and 91.4%), 2) e-module feasibility from the user's point of view is very feasible (81.8%)  

The work of farmers is prone to the risk of health problems such as pain in the joints and fatigue. The research problem is that farmers complain of rapid fatigue, so the purpose of the study is to determine the physiological workload on rice farmers when planting rice and determine the best time for farmers. Methods used are Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) and Energy Consumption to determine the weight of the workload of farmers, and rest time to determine the length of rest. Results and discussion, %CVL is 7 people with action no fatigue and 46 people with action needed improvement. Energy consumption is the smallest percentage of 4.14 kcal / minute with a mild classification and the largest percentage of 6.14 kcal / minute with a moderate classification. In the second measurement, the smallest percentage was 4.49 kcal/min with a mild classification, and the largest percentage was 6.90 kcal/min with a moderate classification. In the third measurement, the smallest percentage was 3.96 kcal/min with a mild classification, and the largest percentage was 6.39 kcal/min with a moderate classification. The smallest rest time was 12.65 minutes and the largest rest time was 120.39 minutes. In conclusion, the mean %CVL was 13.21% with no fatigue, 86.79% with improvement needed. Average energy consumption with mild classification with a percentage of 4.21% and moderate classification with a percentage of 6.26%. The smallest rest time is 12.65 minutes while the largest is 120.39 minutes

This research is based on the desire to analyze the role of supervisory management in dealing with waqf management problems. The analysis tool is a qualitative method used by the author, namely to fill in the data or information collected with the final result in the form of writing. This method is used to describe and explain management strategies for dealing with waqf problems through gathering information and studying documents, such as e-books, journal articles, and papers. The ideas that will be put forward highlight: first, the concept of waqf; second, the legal basis of waqf; third, the waqf supervisory management function; fourth, productive waqf and its management in Indonesia.The research results conclude that basically, the problem of supervision is something that is absolutely necessary. For hundreds of years, waqf in Indonesia has not received serious supervision. As a result, quite a lot of waqf assets were neglected and some of the waqf assets were even lost. The waqf supervision process is part of waqf management. The management function includes 4 things, namely: planning, organizing, actuating and controlling.

This study aims to analyze the efficiency of sharia operations in the hotel industry by using sharia operational management approach in the check-in and check-out process. Operational efficiency is a key factor in the success of a hospitality business, and with the Islamic operational management approach, aspects of sharia are also integrated into operational processes.The research method used in this study is descriptive analysis by collecting data from various sources, including literature studies, field observations, and interviews with hotel managers who apply Islamic operational principles. The collected data was analyzed using a qualitative approach to gain deep insight into the operational efficiency of Sharia. The results of the analysis show that the application of sharia operational management in the check-in and check-out process can improve operational efficiency in the hotel industry. Some of the measures taken include the use of technology to speed up the check-in process, staff training in terms of friendly and efficient service in accordance with sharia principles, and the implementation of policies that promote integrity and transparency.In conclusion, the Islamic operational management approach can provide great benefits for the hotel industry in achieving operational efficiency. By paying attention to sharia aspects in the check-in and check-out process, the hotel can meet the needs of guests who want services that are in accordance with sharia values. In addition, the use of technology and proper staff training also play an important role in improving overall operational efficiency.

Scavenger societies are social groups that depend on the activities of collecting, sorting, and recycling used goods. They do this work as the main source of income. This research aims to understand the characteristics and role of scavenger communities in waste and environmental management. The research methods used include surveys, interviews, and field observations. The collected data is analyzed qualitatively by identifying the main themes that arise from the research results. The results show that scavenger communities have an important role in reducing waste and recycling used goods. They collect various types of materials such as paper, plastic, metal, and electronics that can be resold or recycled. Their work contributes to reducing the negative impact on the environment and sustainable waste management. However, scavenger communities also face challenges and obstacles in carrying out their work. They often experience unsafe working conditions and health risks due to exposure to hazardous materials. In addition, they also face limited access to public services and social stigma that can affect their daily lives.

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) This is a gradual and irreversible kidney disorder that affects the body's capacity to regulate metabolism, fluids, and electrolytes, leading to the development of uremia. Hemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic renal failure are subject to fluid, dietary and pharmaceutical restrictions as well as activity and medication limits. Weight gain, edema, and high blood pressure will occur if fluid balance is not maintained or if there is excess fluid between dialysis sessions. But limiting fluids while receiving hemodialysis can have a number of negative consequences on the body, one of which is thirst and dry mouth (xerostomia), caused by decreased salivary gland production. This scientific study uses a descriptive methodology along with nursing care strategies to apply the "sipping ice cubes therapy" strategy to reduce thirst in CKD patients receiving hemodialysis. Evidence-based practice of nursing This procedure is carried out in the Nursing Room of RSUD Dr. dr. Aloei Saboe Gorontalo City on December 26 2022 and January 26 2023. According to researchers, the administration of the innovative therapy "Sipping Ice Cubes Therapy" can significantly reduce thirst levels in CKD (Chronic Kidney Disease) patients. It can be seen from the 6 respondents who were given the innovative therapy "sipping ice Cubes Therapy" all of which gave a positive response after evaluation, both direct evaluation after giving therapy or evaluation after 3 days of giving the implementation of "sipping ice Cubes Therapy"

Problem solving abilities can be used in everyday life to find solutions and solve mathematical problems. The ability to solve mathematical problems in class XI students at SMAN 55 Jakarta for the 2022/2023 academic year is the goal of this research. The research subjects were 36 class XI students consisting of 18 female students and 18 male students at SMAN 55 Jakarta. The research instruments used were interviews, observation, and documentation. The data analysis technique used is qualitative data analysis, namely data reduction, data presentation, drawing conclusions. The research results obtained show the importance of the teacher's role in helping students to solve problems in learning mathematics.