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This study aims to analyze the impact of online learning on students' learning independence at the secondary school level. The research is motivated by the significant shift in the education system due to the pandemic, which required students to adapt to technology-based distance learning. A descriptive qualitative approach was employed, utilizing data collection techniques such as observation, interviews, and documentation, supported by quantitative questionnaires from previous studies. The findings indicate that online learning has both positive and negative effects on students' learning independence. Positive impacts include increased student responsibility in completing assignments, ease of accessing learning materials anytime and anywhere, and enhanced parental involvement in supporting their children's learning at home. However, negative effects were also identified, such as students' tendency to engage excessively in gaming, reduced effectiveness of the learning process, and delays in task submission due to workload accumulation. Regression analysis results show a significant influence between online learning and learning independence, although the effect is moderate to low in some cases. Factors such as learning motivation, self-efficacy, and the support of the online learning environment play crucial roles in shaping student independence. The study recommends collaboration among government, schools, teachers, parents, and the wider community to improve the quality and quantity of online learning facilities, as well as more varied learning strategies to optimally support the development of students' learning independence.

Automatic Identification System (AIS) is a communication technology that plays an important role in improving operational safety and efficiency in the shipping industry. AIS allows ships to exchange real-time data on identity, position, speed, and direction, which helps prevent collisions and facilitates maritime traffic management by port authorities. In addition, AIS functions in search and rescue operations by providing accurate information on the location of ships in trouble. In terms of security, AIS allows monitoring of suspicious ships, thus helping in preventing illegal activities in the waters. This study aims to design and develop a prototype AIS receiver based on LoRa, Arduino, and LCD HMI. The LoRa module was chosen because of its ability to transmit data over long distances with low power consumption, which is suitable for the maritime environment. Arduino is used as the main microcontroller to control the system, while the LCD HMI serves as the display interface for the received data. After the hardware and software design was completed, the system was tested through functional testing and performance measurements using a spectrum analyzer to evaluate the strength of the LoRa signal at various distances. The test results show that the AIS receiver is able to receive data well up to 15 meters on land and 13 meters at sea, with a delay of 100 milliseconds. System performance degrades at longer distances due to environmental interference and signal attenuation. These findings provide insight into the effective limits of LoRa communication in maritime applications and can be used as a reference for frequency testing and optimization of LoRa-based long-range communication systems.

Reading delays and low learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students are significant challenges in primary education. This study aims to analyze the factors that cause reading delay and decreased learning focus in grade 3 elementary school students, as well as explore effective learning strategies to overcome them. The method used is a literature study by reviewing various related scientific sources. The results of the analysis show that internal factors such as low reading interest and lack of motivation, as well as external factors such as lack of family support and a less conducive learning environment, contribute to reading delays and decreased study focus. Learning strategies involving phonic methods, multisensory approaches, and the use of educational technology have proven to be effective in improving students' reading and focus skills. The implications of these findings emphasize the importance of the role of teachers and parents in creating a supportive learning environment and implementing appropriate learning methods to address reading delays and improve students' focus on learning.

Delays in filling in the School and Student Data Base (PDSS) by teachers at several schools in Indonesia, such as SMAN 1 Mempawah and SMK 2 Surakarta, have caused hundreds of students to risk losing the opportunity to take part in the National Achievement Based Selection (SNBP) in 2025. PDSS is an important database containing student and school information, including academic grades and other information required for SNBP. Filling in the PDSS is the responsibility of teachers, especially Dapodik operators and BK counselors, as well as school principals. This delay was caused by negligence in entering data before the specified time limit. As a result, students feel stressed and frustrated because they are threatened with not being able to continue their education to college. The delay in filling out the PDSS reflects a larger problem in the Indonesian education system, where adaptation to technology and development of the skills of teaching staff are urgently needed.

The 2011 Tohoku tsunami stands as one of the most catastrophic natural disasters in Japan’s history, resulting in massive loss of life, extensive property damage, and severe disruption to infrastructure along the northeastern coast. This study aims to examine the physical characteristics of the Tohoku tsunami and critically evaluate the factors that led to the failure of Japan’s disaster mitigation systems. Utilizing an essay-based synthesis approach, this analysis draws from a range of previous research findings and post-disaster assessments. The tsunami was caused by a 9.0 magnitude megathrust earthquake off the eastern coast of Honshu, generating wave heights that exceeded 10 meters in several locations. The tsunami’s immense energy produced destructive currents that penetrated deep inland, surpassing the protection capabilities of existing coastal defenses.The study identifies several contributing factors to the mitigation system’s shortcomings: the design limitations of seawalls, which were not built to withstand such extreme events; delays and limitations in the early warning system’s ability to reach all at-risk populations in time; and inadequate public preparedness, as the event exceeded historical precedents and training scenarios. These vulnerabilities highlight the need for integrated, adaptive disaster risk management strategies.Drawing lessons from Japan’s experience, this study proposes recommendations for improving tsunami mitigation efforts in Indonesia. Key suggestions include reinforcing and redesigning coastal defense structures, advancing early warning technologies such as seabed sensors and coastal radar systems, and enhancing disaster literacy through public education and scenario-based training. By adopting a science- and technology-driven approach, Indonesia can strengthen its resilience and reduce vulnerability among coastal populations facing future tsunami threats.

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

Reading ability is an important basic skill for elementary school student. However, not all students can master it well due to various factors, such as delayed language development, lack of stimulus, and specific learning disorders such as dyslexia.This research aims to determine Ultilization impact technology in supporting reading literacy for students with reading difficulties. The method employed is a literature review by analyzing many  previous studies Associated with the utlization of technology in improving reading skills.the findings of the study show that digital-based digital innovation , such as interactive learning applications, Text-to-Speech (TTS), Augmented Reality (AR), and QR-Code technology,can improve students’ reading skills. The main obstacles in implementing technologies that are less relevant to learning. Recommendations provided include increasing technology, and integrating digital methods with conventional learning approaches. This research is expected to be a reference for educators and stakeholders in the developing  process more effective strategies to improve elementary school students’ reading skills by optimally utilizing technology.

This study analyzes the development of expressive language skills in children aged 4 to 5 years living in multilingual environments. The research aims to understand how exposure to multiple languages influences the expressive abilities of young children. A qualitative approach was applied, involving observation and structured interviews with parents and educators. Findings indicate that children in multilingual settings exhibit varied vocabulary usage and code-switching behaviors, with some delays in expressive fluency compared to monolingual peers, yet with enhanced pragmatic skills. The study highlights the importance of supportive linguistic environments and tailored educational strategies to foster optimal language development. These findings have implications for educators, speech therapists, and parents in managing multilingualism during early childhood.

This study aims to analyze the legal consequences of non-registration or late registration of receivables owned by creditors in the bankruptcy process. Law Number 37 of 2004 concerning Bankruptcy and Suspension of Debt Payment Obligations (PKPU) stipulates that in bankruptcy proceedings, the fulfillment of rights over the bankrupt estate can only be obtained if the creditor registers their receivables for verification. However, there are no specific provisions that explicitly regulate the legal consequences of receivables that are not registered at all or those registered late and thus cannot be verified. This legal uncertainty creates problems in practice, particularly regarding legal protection for creditors and legal certainty in the resolution of bankruptcy cases. Using a normative juridical approach and analyzing relevant legislation and court decisions, this research finds that creditors who fail to register their receivables or register them late lose their rights to receive payments from the bankrupt estate. In other words, receivables that are not verified—either due to non-registration or late registration—are not recognized in the bankruptcy process. This conclusion highlights the importance of creditors understanding the procedures for registering receivables in bankruptcy in order to protect their rights. The study also recommends that existing legal regulations provide clearer guidance regarding the consequences of delayed or unregistered receivables to ensure legal certainty and fair protection for all parties involved in bankruptcy proceedings.

This research aims to identify the causes of delays in the loading and unloading process of Crude palm oil (CPO), the impact of delays, and the company's efforts to overcome these obstacles. The research method used is a qualitative method by looking directly at the facts in the field. The data collection technique is direct observation at Teluk Bagus Harbor, then interviewing several sources and corroborating with documentation. This research obtained results that the causes of delays in the loading and unloading process of Crude Palm Oil (CPO) occurred due to natural, human factors and the quality of palm fruit. The impact that arises is increasing operational costs. Efforts made by the company include adding a new fleet and recruiting competent loading and unloading workers.  

The transformation of Indonesia’s educational evaluation system from the National Examination (UN) to the National Assessment (AN) is intended to improve education quality through a more comprehensive approach. This study examines the implementation of the National Assessment at SMA Negeri 21 Medan, with a focus on the disparity between the theoretical framework of formative assessment and its practical execution in the field. The research utilizes the discrepancy evaluation model with a qualitative methodology. Data were gathered through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions (FGD), participatory observations, and document analysis.The findings reveal that although the National Assessment is designed as a formative evaluation, in practice, it is still regarded as a summative assessment disconnected from the learning process. The execution of the Minimum Competency Assessment (AKM) continues to be dominated by multiple-choice questions, restricting the comprehensive evaluation of competencies. Moreover, the use of assessment results for educational enhancement remains suboptimal due to reporting delays and the insufficiently diagnostic format of the reports. Key supporting factors for implementation include strong school leadership, adequate infrastructure, and collaboration among schools. However, several obstacles persist, such as a limited conceptual grasp, inadequate teacher training, and administrative and curricular constraints. This study suggests reinforcing teachers’ conceptual understanding, enhancing the feedback system for assessment outcomes, and fostering deeper integration of formative assessment principles into school learning strategies. By doing so, the National Assessment can be more effectively leveraged to improve the quality of education in Indonesia.

Good financial planning can create operational effectiveness in educational institutions. This article analyzes the importance of financial planning in school management, covering aspects such as the development of facilities and infrastructure, the improvement of student learning quality, and teacher welfare. The research method used is quantitative with a library research approach, where data is obtained from various scholarly articles and relevant books sourced from Google Scholar. The findings indicate that schools effectively apply for funding and evaluate fund utilization annually. Poor financial planning can disrupt school operations, leading to issues such as delayed teacher salaries, insufficient learning facilities, and other challenges. To achieve effective financial management, technological mastery is essential to ensure operations that are effective, efficient, and accountable.

This study discusses children's language acquisition from a psycholinguistic perspective with a focus on Meanlength of Utterance (MLU), word categories, and sentence patterns. Using a qualitative descriptive approach and case study, data were collected through participant observation, audio recording, speech transcription, and social context recording. The research sample consisted of three children aged 39, 47, and 50 months with Indonesian as their first language. The results showed that MLU values ​​increased with age, in accordance with Brown's theory, although there was individual variation. Analysis of word types showed that older children had a more diverse vocabulary, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, pronouns, and numerals. In addition, the sentence patterns used by children developed from simple structures such as SP to more complex structures such as SPOK. This study confirms that MLU can be an indicator of children's syntactic development and helps in language identification delays. The results of this study are expected to contribute to psycholinguistic studies and become a reference in the field of child language education and intervention

This study aims to assess the effectiveness of using flashcards in overcoming reading delays in elementary school students. The method applied was a literature review by analyzing seven scientific articles published between 2020 and 2025. The results showed that the use of flashcards significantly improved students' reading skills, both in recognizing letters, words, and understanding reading. In addition, flashcards also proved effective in increasing students' motivation and interest in learning. However, their effectiveness is influenced by several factors, such as media design, teacher training and learning environment support. These findings provide valuable insights for educators in determining appropriate learning methods for students with reading delays. Therefore, this study recommends flashcards as an innovative learning media that can be customized to suit students' needs.

This study discusses the obstacles and strategies in inclusive education. The main problem in this study is to analyze the obstacles and strategies of deaf and mentally retarded children. Deafness is a condition of hearing loss, where children who experience it have difficulty or decreased ability to hear. Mental retardation is an individual who significantly has below average intelligence or experiences intellectual disabilities. This study was conducted at the ABC Melati Aisyiah Special School. This study uses a qualitative research method, and the data collection techniques are observation, in-depth interviews and documentation. The results of the study found obstacles and strategies that teachers need to implement appropriate strategies to overcome these obstacles. One strategy that can be done is to use media and learning aids that are in accordance with the characteristics of deaf students. Obstacles and strategies of teachers of mentally retarded children are lack of student focus during class lessons. Several factors that cause lack of concentration include their greater interest in games, delays in intellectual development, and disturbances from the noisy classroom environment.

The release of medical information is the process of disclosing or sharing information about a patient's health condition, medical history, or medical examination results with other parties. Due to the sensitive nature of the information contained in medical records, healthcare providers are obligated to ensure that all information is appropriately accountable. This study aims to explore the work activities of medical record officers and health information management in the process of releasing medical information to insurance parties at Tarakan Regional General Hospital (RSUD Tarakan). This research uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach by explaining the results of interviews regarding the work activities of medical record officers and health information management in the process of releasing medical information to insurance parties. RSUD Tarakan already has standard operating procedures related to the release of medical information, both to insurance parties that cooperate and to those that do not cooperate. In the work activities of the officers, the stages of data collection for insurance types, the request flow stage, data collection stage, data processing stage, and data presentation stage involve the insurance services and fundraising departments in the release process for cooperating insurance parties. Meanwhile, the medical records department and the information department are only involved in the release of medical information to non-cooperating insurance parties. The challenges in releasing medical information to non-cooperating insurance parties include the lack of requirements provided by patients, as they are often unaware of the necessary documents and the process for requesting the release of medical information, which can cause delays in the process.

The development of language skills in children is an important factor in their growth. However, not all children experience language development appropriate for their age, one of which is speech delay. This study aims to analyze the factors that influence speech delay in children at RA Nurul Iman School, Beringin Jaya Village. The method used was direct observation of children experiencing speech delay, along with the delivery of educational materials to parents and teachers regarding the importance of verbal stimulation and the regulation of gadget usage. The research results show that the main factors causing speech delay in children at this school are excessive use of gadgets and a lack of verbal stimulation from parents. The study concludes that regulating gadget usage and increasing verbal stimulation from parents can help address speech delay issues in children and support their language development optimally. Therefore, it is important to raise awareness among parents about their role in supporting their children's speech development

The supply chain is crucial to company operations, especially in the poultry farming industry, to ensure the availability of quality feed. PT X, located in Kintamani, faces challenges in its supply chain due to the long distance from its main supplier, PT Sreeya Sewu. This has led to high logistics costs and risks of delivery delays, which impact the company’s operational efficiency. This study aims to assist PT X in selecting the best supplier using the Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) method and the Super Decision application. With five criteria and 15 sub-criteria, the results show that UD Tunas Harapan is the best supplier, excelling in nine sub-criteria.  

The selection system at Bina Negara Gubug Vocational School Jl. KH. Hasan Anwar No.9 Gubug currently processes data on the criteria for each student for each type of scholarship. It does not yet have a database system but uses a computerized system with Microsoft Excel, so there are often delays in the selection process in preparing the selection report for scholarship recipients. This research uses the Research and Development (R & D) development model by Borg and Gall with 6 steps of development, namely Research and Information Collecting, Planning, Develop Premilinary Form of Product, Premilinary Field Testing, Main Product Revision, Main Field Testing. The scholarship selection decision support system application product uses the SAW (Simple Additive Waighting) method. Visual Basic 6.0 development software and Microsoft Access database. This system can provide a useful solution for the decision-making system for selecting scholarship recipients for schools so that a better and faster selection can be achieved.      

Flight delays represent a significant challenge in the aviation industry, affecting passenger satisfaction and trust in airlines. Minister of Transportation Regulation No. 89 of 2015 mandates airlines to provide compensation to passengers experiencing flight delays. Lion Air, as one of the largest airline networks in Indonesia, is expected to effectively implement this policy, particularly at Weda Bay Nickel Airport. This study employs a qualitative approach to gain an in-depth understanding of how Lion Air fulfills its responsibility in compensating passengers. Data were collected through interviews with Lion Air personnel, including check-in staff, technicians, and flight attendants, as well as direct field observations. The research was conducted over a specific period to ensure the collected data is relevant and accurately reflects on-ground conditions. The analysis results indicate that Lion Air has implemented compensation policies in accordance with PM 89 of 2015, providing compensation in the form of beverages, snacks, full meals, and cash payments of up to IDR 300,000, depending on the delay duration. Although the policy has been executed, several key challenges remain, including limited communication with passengers and suboptimal internal division coordination. Passengers often feel inadequately informed during delays, reducing their satisfaction levels. Furthermore, operational constraints such as spare part delays and weather factors also pose challenges in minimizing delay durations.