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This article aims to theoretically examine the relationship between unhealthy personality, cognitive distortion, and the application of Cognitive Behavior Therapy (CBT) in counseling practice. This study uses a literature study method with a conceptual approach, namely analyzing relevant literature without collecting field data. The results of the study indicate that unhealthy personality is often influenced by cognitive distortions that cause individuals to view themselves and their environment negatively and irrationally. CBT is an effective counseling approach to help individuals recognize and reconstruct negative thought patterns to be more realistic and adaptive. In conclusion, CBT can be used as a psychological intervention strategy in dealing with unhealthy personality problems, especially in students who experience academic pressure and impostor syndrome.  

Worm disease is included in the neglected diseases group, which is a chronic infection that often does not show clear symptoms and the impact is only felt in the long term. Worms included in the Soil Transmitted Helminths (STH) group can spread through the soil and include Ascaris lumbricoides, Trichuris trichiura, hookworms (Necator americanus and Ancylostoma duodenale), and Strongyloides stercoralis. This worm infection can cause malnutrition, impaired child growth, decreased cognitive abilities, iron deficiency anemia, and reduced learning performance. One indicator of worm infection is an increase in eosinophil levels, which are part of the body's immune system. This study aims to analyze the relationship between Ascaris lumbricoides infection and the number of eosinophils in stunted children in Noelbaki Village, Kupang Regency, East Nusa Tenggara. This study used an analytical observational design with a case-control study approach, involving stunted children as subjects. The results showed the prevalence of Ascaris lumbricoides eggs of 51.3%, and an increase in abnormal eosinophils of 87.5% in cases of infection. Statistical tests revealed a significant relationship between A. lumbricoides infection and eosinophil count (p = 0.000). However, this study did not consider the possibility of allergy as a factor in increasing eosinophils.

This article explores the song lyrics of “Somebody’s Pleasure” by Indonesian artist Aziz Hedra through the lens of Teun A. van Dijk’s Critical Discourse Analysis (CDA). The song reveals a narrative of emotional neglect, objectification, and the yearning for genuine affection. Van Dijk’s three-dimensional model—textual structure, cognitive processes, and social context—is applied to dissect how the language in the song reflects individual mental states and broader social ideologies regarding love, self-worth, and power relations in modern relationships.  

This research was motivated by the rising number of adolescent girls experiencing body shaming, which can lead to negative consequences, particularly affecting their self-confidence. The aim of this study is to explore the impacts felt by female junior high school students after experiencing body shaming. A descriptive method was employed, using questionnaires, interviews, and documentation as data collection techniques. The population of this study consisted of 144 eighth-grade female students at SMP Negeri 213 Jakarta in the 2024/2025 academic year. The sample was selected through purposive sampling, with a total of 50 participants. The data were analyzed using descriptive analysis techniques. The results of the study show that: 1) Body shaming has a significant impact on the four analyzed aspects: global subjective satisfaction, affective distress regarding appearance, cognitive aspects of body image, and behavioral aspects of body shaming. Each aspect shows a negative influence, although the intensity varies. 2) In this study, the cognitive aspect was identified as the most dominant impact, with 38% of respondents categorized as experiencing a high level.  

Negative thinking represents a type of cognitive distortion that can negatively impact an individual's mental health and impede their ability to adapt effectively in daily life. This study aims to explore the effectiveness of three cognitive strategies self-talk, reframing, and thought stopping in managing such negative thoughts. Utilizing a qualitative research approach, this study conducted a literature review alongside participatory observation. Data were gathered by analyzing various academic articles, books, and journals focusing on these three techniques in the context of controlling negative thought patterns. Findings reveal that each technique offers unique benefits: self-talk helps in cultivating a more positive internal dialogue, reframing enables individuals to interpret problems from a more constructive angle, and thought stopping effectively halts the recurrence of negative thoughts through conscious intervention. These results indicate that these cognitive techniques can serve as practical psychological interventions for managing negative thinking.

This community service program was designed to enhance Qur’anic memorization skills among santri at Pesantren Assyifa by integrating effective cognitive-based learning methods with traditional Islamic pedagogical practices. Conducted over eight weeks, the program involved initial assessments, teacher training, student workshops, practical memorization sessions, and structured evaluations. Modern memorization techniques—such as mnemonic devices, visualization, spaced repetition, and active recall—were introduced and practiced alongside classical methods like talaqqi and tikrar. The program targeted more than 40 santri and involved tahfiz teachers as active facilitators. Quantitative and qualitative assessments demonstrated notable improvement in memorization retention, engagement, and confidence. By the end of the program, over 85% of participants achieved measurable progress in both speed and accuracy of memorization. Feedback from students and teachers highlighted the usefulness and motivational impact of the techniques introduced. This program not only provided a fresh approach to Qur’anic learning but also offered sustainable strategies for long-term application within the pesantren. The success of the initiative supports the importance of combining Islamic values with contemporary educational insights to produce holistic and effective learning outcomes.

This study aims to examine the significance of developing interpersonal intelligence in early childhood as a fundamental basis for supporting their social, emotional, and cognitive growth. Interpersonal intelligence which involves the ability to understand and interact effectively with others plays a vital role in forming positive relationships, promoting cooperation, and resolving conflicts in a healthy way. Through an in-depth literature review, this study explores various strategies and approaches that can be implemented to foster interpersonal intelligence from an early age, such as play based activities, group interactions, and the application of specially designed curricula. The findings show that a warm and supportive environment, interactions that are sensitive to children's needs, and opportunities to interact in meaningful social activities greatly contribute to improving children's interpersonal abilities. Therefore, this study recommends the importance of including strategies for developing interpersonal intelligence in early childhood education programs in order to form individuals who are able to interact socially and emotionally well in the future.

This study is a literature review that aims to identify and analyze the application of GeoGebra applications in learning geometric transformations at the high school level. Geometric transformation is a material that requires high spatial visualization skills, so learning media are needed that are able to present concepts in a concrete and interactive way. GeoGebra, as a dynamic mathematics application, is considered capable of facilitating student understanding through direct visualization of transformation processes such as translation, reflection, rotation, and dilation. The study was conducted by reviewing 11 relevant scientific articles, published in the last five to ten years, and meeting certain inclusion criteria. The results of the analysis show that the application of GeoGebra in learning has a positive impact, both cognitively, affectively, and technically. GeoGebra is able to improve students' understanding of concepts, learning motivation, and learning outcomes. The implementation strategy includes the development of e-modules, digital teaching materials, problem-based learning, and application usage training. Overall, GeoGebra has proven to be valid, practical, and effective in supporting more interesting and meaningful learning of geometric transformations.

This research aims to analyze the impact of family socio-economic conditions on the interest in learning of preschool children (ages 3-6) at KB Darussalam Sidoarjo. Interest in learning at an early age is an important foundation for children's cognitive and socio-emotional development in the future. However, this interest does not exist in isolation but is greatly influenced by the child's immediate environment, namely the family and its socio-economic conditions. Abraham Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs theory is used as a conceptual framework to understand how the fulfillment of children's basic needs, which is often related to socio-economic conditions, affects their motivation and interest in learning. This study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design, focusing on KB Darussalam Sidoarjo. Data is collected through in-depth interviews with parents/guardians and teachers, as well as participatory observation of children in the learning environment. The research results show that the socio-economic conditions of families have a significant and multifaceted impact on the learning interest of preschool children. Economic limitations can hinder the fulfillment of children's physiological needs and their sense of safety, which directly reduces their energy and focus on learning. In addition, socio-economic conditions affect the quality of parent-child interactions and the availability of learning stimulation at home, which are crucial to fostering a sense of love, belonging, and appreciation in children. An environment that inadequately supports basic needs tends to result in lower levels of interest in learning.

The brainrot phenomenon has emerged in response to the high consumption of low-quality short videos among students, resulting in a decrease in focus and thinking skills. This article analyzes the literature on the impact of short-form content such as TikTok, Instagram Reels and YouTube Shorts on student cognitive abilities. The results show that overexposure to short, focused videos triggers addiction, which results in disrupting learning processes that require concentration and reflection. In addition, consumption of fast-paced content leads to a decline in literacy and critical thinking. These findings focus on the importance of digital literacy and educational policies that can keep pace with the changing media consumption patterns of today's students.  

This study aims to examine the use of active and passive sentences in the Bahasa Indonesia: Aku Bisa! textbook used in Grade 1 of elementary school under the Merdeka Curriculum. Textbooks play an important role in the learning process, particularly as examples of proper and correct language use for students. This research employs a descriptive qualitative approach using documentation techniques to identify and analyze sentence structures based on appropriate linguistic rules. The main focus of the study is to reveal the forms of active and passive sentences used, and to assess their accuracy in terms of structure and appropriateness for young learners' language development. The findings show that some sentences are structurally inaccurate, overly complex, or misaligned with the cognitive development of first-grade students. Such issues can hinder students' understanding of the learning material. Therefore, editing is necessary to simplify and correct sentence structures so that they are more communicative and easier to understand. This study emphasizes the importance of the editing process in textbook development to ensure high linguistic quality, support effective learning, and align with the principles of the student-centered Merdeka Curriculum.

Traditional games play an important role in early childhood development, particularly in stimulating creativity and social skills. One such game from Gorontalo, Indonesia is Awuta, which is now rarely played but holds great potential in supporting children's growth. Awuta enhances fine and gross motor skills, encourages strategic thinking, and fosters teamwork. The game also incorporates cultural and philosophical values about the cycle of life and death. This study uses a qualitative literature approach to explore how Awuta supports cognitive, social, and physical development while strengthening cultural identity. Reviving traditional games like Awuta is crucial for balanced learning and character education in the digital era.

This study explores the methods applied by teachers in teaching dance to early childhood children at RA Aisyiyah and its influence on their development. Dance learning does not only focus on motor skills, but also includes children's cognitive, emotional, and social growth. By implementing methods such as demonstration, imitation, imaginative play, and free exploration, teachers at RA Aisyiyah can foster creativity, discipline, and collaboration in children. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach that takes data from observations and literature reviews. The findings show that the role of teachers is crucial as creative developers in the dance learning process, by adapting methods according to the challenges that arise, such as the child's level of focus, limited space, and variations in interests. This article highlights the importance of a combination of flexible learning methods to optimize the potential of early childhood in the fields of art and character education.

This study aims to identify and understand the root causes of low student learning outcomes in writing descriptive texts in grade IV of elementary school. Based on the results of field observations, it was found that the majority of students scored below the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM) in both cognitive and psychomotor aspects. In addition, student participation in learning activities is also relatively low, which is reflected in minimal interaction, lack of discipline, and lack of self-expression. This study uses a descriptive method with a qualitative approach, using observations in the form of tests and documentation as data collection techniques. The results of the study indicate that lack of understanding of the structure and characteristics of descriptive texts, interaction in learning, challenges in using learning media, and low student motivation are dominant factors in decreasing the quality of learning outcomes. Other factors are low interest in reading and limited student vocabulary. This study recommends that learning be carried out with a more communicative, applicable, and meaningful approach according to the characteristics of students in elementary schools.

This research is motivated by the phenomenon of low assessments of other people towards children with special needs (ABK), because children with special needs (ABK) have differences from children in general.And requires special handling according to developmental disorders and differences that are possessed, cognitive, speech, vision, hearing, social and emotional. Parents must have the ability to handle their child's life processes more optimally. The goal of the endeavor itself is an effort or effort in order to achieve everything that is desired or desired in life,With the attitude of parents' efforts towards the behavior of children with special needs, this can be the best way for children to be well accepted in their surroundings. The method used is descriptive qualitative with data collection through observation, in-depth interviews, and questionnaires.

Early childhood development is a crucial phase in human life, marked by rapid changes in physical, cognitive, social, and emotional domains. This study aims to explore in depth the growth process and unique characteristics of early childhood using a qualitative approach through literature review methods. The findings reveal that young children possess high curiosity, vivid imagination, and strong dependence on adults in learning and social behavior formation. Physical development progresses rapidly, while cognitive and socio-emotional development are significantly influenced by environmental stimulation, parenting style, and social interaction. Understanding these characteristics and developmental needs allows educators and parents to implement more effective approaches in supporting children's growth. This study emphasizes the importance of creating a safe, supportive, and responsive environment as a foundation for future educational success and character building.

This study aims to analyze the toxic effects brought about by amphetamine use and its association with suicides. Suicide is an act of ending one's own life that is often associated with mental health disorders and life pressures. Amphetamines are classified as Class II psychotropic drugs that have a strong stimulant effect on the central nervous system, causing changes in behavior and mental activity, including hallucinations, thought disorders, and emotional changes. This study was conducted based on a literature review, identifying and analyzing various suicide cases involving amphetamine use through relevant literature. The results of the literature analysis indicate that amphetamine use significantly increases the risk of suicidal behavior, which can affect neurotransmitters, potentially triggering psychosis, nerve damage, and cardiovascular issues. Chronic use leads to dependence, cognitive impairment.

This study explores the aesthetic experience and user perception resulting from the use of minimalism in contemporary web design. As minimalism continues to shape modern digital aesthetics, understanding how users emotionally and cognitively engage with minimalist interfaces becomes increasingly relevant. The research aims to identify how visual simplicity, functional clarity, and negative space contribute to user satisfaction and usability. Employing a mixed-method approach, including user testing and surveys with a sample of 60 participants, this study evaluates responses to minimalist and non-minimalist website prototypes. The findings reveal that minimalist design enhances perceived elegance and ease of navigation, while also increasing the sense of trust and professionalism. However, the absence of visual cues can challenge some users in completing complex tasks. These insights highlight the importance of balancing visual simplicity with user guidance to optimize user experience. This research contributes to the evolving discourse on digital aesthetics and provides practical implications for designers seeking to integrate minimalist principles without compromising functionality.

Alzheimer’s disease is the most common form of neurodegenerative disorder, characterized by cognitive decline, β-amyloid plaque accumulation, and oxidative stress in brain tissue. One promising alternative therapy is the use of anthocyanins, flavonoid compounds found in various red, purple, and blue-colored plants. This study aims to review the effectiveness of anthocyanins in preventing and slowing the progression of Alzheimer’s disease through a literature review. Articles published between 2014 and 2024 were selected from PubMed, Scopus, and Google Scholar databases, with inclusion criteria focusing on preclinical animal studies evaluating the effects of anthocyanins on neurodegenerative markers. The results show that anthocyanins, particularly pelargonidin and delphinidin, play a role in improving memory, reducing oxidative stress, and inhibiting β-amyloid plaque formation in animal models. Anthocyanins also enhance antioxidant enzyme activity and reduce neuronal apoptosis. These findings support the potential of anthocyanins as neuroprotective agents in Alzheimer’s therapy, although further clinical research is required to validate their efficacy in humans.

The undergraduate thesis entitled “Conceptual Metaphors in the Album Folklore by Taylor Swift” aims to analyze the conceptual metaphors in the Folklore album and analyze what are the meanings of the conceptual metaphors found. Metaphors are widely used in human life to create easier understanding of the form of communication. Metaphors are not merely ornamentals but they also take the roles of fundamental cognitive tools that develop how human beings understand and explore the world. This study was conducted by using a qualitative method. The Album Folklore was used as the data source. The data were collected using documentation technique analyzed through a descriptive-qualitative approach. The theory used for this study was Conceptual Metaphor Theory by George Lakoff and Mark Johnson. The findings show that there are three types of conceptual metaphor in the album. Firstly, five structural metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Mirrorball”, “This Is Me Trying”, “Illicit Affair”, and “Betty”. Secondly, five orientational metaphors were found in the album, specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile ft. Bon Iver”, and “Epiphany”. Thirdly, five ontological metaphors were found in the album specifically in the songs namely “Cardigan”, “The Last Great American Dynasty”, “Exile. Ft. Bon Iver”, “Mirrorball”, and “Invisible String”.