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Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi dan menganalis tantangan literasi yang dihadapi oleh anak usia dini dalam kelompok B TK Negeri Handayani Tonala, khususnya dalam hal menulis dan mengenal huruf abjad kecil. Kesulitan dalam mengenal bentuk dan menulis huruf kecil berdampak pada perkembangan literasi awal anak yang merupakan fondasi bagi kemampuan membaca dan menulis lanjutkan. Metode yang digunakan adalah penelitian kualitatif deskriptif dengan tehnik pengumpulan data berupa obsevasi, serta dokumentasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukan bahwa faktor utama kesulitas anak terletak pada kurangnya variasi media pembelajaran, metode mengajar yang belum menyenangkan, serta kurangnya latihan motorik halus.Rekomendasi dari penelitian ini adalah penggunan pendekatan bermain dan media visual interaktif untuk mendukung pengenalan huruf dan keterampilan menulis anak usia dini.

This study explores the methods applied by teachers in teaching dance to early childhood children at RA Aisyiyah and its influence on their development. Dance learning does not only focus on motor skills, but also includes children's cognitive, emotional, and social growth. By implementing methods such as demonstration, imitation, imaginative play, and free exploration, teachers at RA Aisyiyah can foster creativity, discipline, and collaboration in children. This study applies a descriptive qualitative approach that takes data from observations and literature reviews. The findings show that the role of teachers is crucial as creative developers in the dance learning process, by adapting methods according to the challenges that arise, such as the child's level of focus, limited space, and variations in interests. This article highlights the importance of a combination of flexible learning methods to optimize the potential of early childhood in the fields of art and character education.

Teaching Assistance is part of the MBKM (Merdeka Belajar Kampus Merdeka) program which aims to improve students' literacy and numeracy skills and provide opportunities for students to learn and develop themselves. One of the target schools for this program is SMP Negeri 4 Mauliru. This program includes various strategies, including optimizing reading corners equipped with picture illustrations to attract students' interest as well as casual reading activities aimed at improving reading habits. Apart from that, this program also involves distributing multiplication brochures to strengthen students' understanding of numeracy as well as making literacy and numeracy posters with the aim of providing a deeper understanding while strengthening educational messages about the importance of literacy and numeracy.  The main aim of this program is to improve students' literacy and numeracy skills, as well as support the development of basic abilities and create a fun learning environment. The results show that this program has a positive impact by increasing literacy and numeracy skills, as well as students' learning motivation and interest in reading.

The Community Service Program (KKN) at the Silungkang Tigo Library aims to enhance student engagement in learning English through the ice-breaking method. This program was conducted from January 15 to February 15, 2025, involving elementary school students attending English tutoring sessions. The methods used include interactive songs, movement-guessing games, and word search activities related to animals. The results indicate that students became more active, confident, and motivated in learning English. By creating a more enjoyable learning environment, the ice-breaking method has proven effective in improving students' comprehension and use of English vocabulary.

The learning environment plays a strategic role in determining the quality of the teaching and learning process, particularly for fifth-grade elementary school students who are at a crucial stage of cognitive and social development. This study aims to analyze the influence of the learning environment on the effectiveness of learning in Grade V of elementary school using a descriptive qualitative approach through literature review. The learning environment examined includes physical aspects (such as facilities, classroom layout, and lighting) as well as non-physical aspects (such as social interaction, emotional atmosphere, and teacher support). The findings reveal that a conducive learning environment significantly enhances students’ motivation, engagement, and academic achievement. These results are supported by Piaget’s and Vygotsky’s constructivist theories, as well as Bandura’s social learning theory, which emphasize the importance of interaction between learners and their environment in constructing knowledge and skills. The study recommends strong collaboration among schools, teachers, and education stakeholders to create a holistic, safe, and supportive learning environment that fosters students’ academic and personal development.

This study aims to determine the effect of understanding inclusive education on the readiness to teach children with special needs (ABK) in prospective Indonesian language teachers. The research method used is quantitative research with an associative approach, using a questionnaire instrument to measure the level of understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK. The results of the study indicate that there is a significant relationship between understanding of inclusive education and readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers. A comprehensive understanding of inclusive education is an important foundation in improving the pedagogical, professional, personality, and social competencies of prospective teachers. However, the survey results show that the ability to plan lessons, readiness to teach, and readiness to create ABK-friendly learning tools are still relatively low. The main challenges faced by prospective teachers are the lack of practical experience, the lack of examples of inclusive open materials, and the continuing stigma against ABK. Therefore, a strategy is needed to improve the understanding of inclusive education through curriculum integration, field experience, and the development of inclusive teaching materials so that the readiness to teach ABK in prospective Indonesian language teachers can be optimally increased.

This study aims to analyze the role of classroom management and classroom arrangement in improving the effectiveness of the teaching and learning process, especially in the context of the Character Education Strengthening Program (PPK). The research method used is descriptive qualitative with the research location at SD Negeri 1 Wonosobo, Central Java. Participants included teachers, principals, and students. The results of the study indicate that flexible and conducive classroom arrangements, such as the arrangement of tables and chairs according to learning activities, as well as physical factors such as good lighting and ventilation, can improve student focus and collaboration. Effective classroom management, including careful planning, clear communication, and an inclusive approach, has been shown to create a positive learning climate and increase student motivation and achievement. Obstacles such as limited facilities and diversity of student characters can be overcome through a democratic approach, teacher training, and collaboration with parents. Integration of character values in PPK through class agreements and teacher role models also strengthens student character formation. The conclusion of this study emphasizes the importance of synergy between classroom arrangements, classroom management, and PPK to create a holistic and effective learning environment.

Pengajaran yang dipimpin guru Kristen jangan hanya berfokus pada pemahaman konsep agama semata, tetapi juga meningkatkan inisiatif siswa dalam pengembangan sikap berkolaborasi, nilai kerja sama, dan keterampilan sosianya. Tanpa adanya kesadaran siswa untuk saling berkolaborasi dalam belajar akan membuat dirinya mengalami ketertinggalan di kelas. Penulisan artikel ini bertujuan untuk membahas mengenai model cooperative learning sebagai pendekatan mengajar yang Alkitabiah untuk meningkatkan kerja sama siswa. Penulisan artikel ini dilakukan dengan pengumpulan data dari dokumen-dokumen ilmiah yang memiliki keterkaitan dengan topik yang sedang didalami. Peneliti melakukan analisis data dengan cara mereduksi yang mengungkapkan hasil bahwa implementasi model cooperative learning sebagai pendekatan mengajar yang Alkitabiah untuk meningkatkan kerja sama siswa dapat dilakukan dengan guru mendorong siswa saling berkerja sama dan saling melayani, guru membantu siswa memahami materi secara utuh, guru membantu siswa untuk saling memotivasi dalam pertumbuhan rohani di komunitasnya, guru mendorong siswa saling mengingatkan untuk menerapkan nilai-nilai Alkitabiah dalam aktivitas sehari-hari, guru membantu siswa memiliki inisiatif saling berkolaborasi sebagai bentuk kepedulian terhadap sesama. Model cooperative learning yang Alkitabiah memiliki dampak yang penting dalam meningkatkan kerja sama siswa sebagai bentuk sikap yang menjunjung nilai-nilai Kristiani.

Artikel ini bertujuan membahas tentang pentingnya model pengajaran dalam mencapai tujuan pendidikan melalui analisis terhadap model pengajaran yang digunakan oleh Yesus Kristus dengan pola perumpamaan. Model pengajaran merupakan konsep yang digunakan dalam merancang proses pembelajaran, dan memainkan peran kunci dalam membangun dan meningkatkan kemanusiaan. Penting bagi seorang guru untuk memilih metode pengajaran yang tepat guna mencapai tujuan pembelajaran yang rancangkan, termasuk menggunakan pola perumpamaan dalam mengajar seperti yang dicontohkan Tuhan Yesus Kristus dalam pengajaran-Nya untuk menyampaikan kebenaran Firman bagi banyak orang. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode kajian pustaka yang ketika dianalisis secara reduktif mengungkapkan hasil bahwa perumpamaan sebagai cerita pendek yang mengandung makna dalam dan digunakan oleh Yesus untuk menjelaskan prinsip-prinsip spiritual secara tidak langsung bagi pengikut-Nya. Pola perumpamaan juga dapat digunakan oleh guru Kristen ketika menjelaskan materi di dalam kelas. Pembahasan juga menganalisis tentang jenis-jenis perumpamaan yang digunakan oleh Yesus, dan relevansinya dalam pengajaran modern, selain itu model pengajaran dengan pola perumpamaan telah menjadi inspirasi bagi guru-guru Kristen dalam mengembangkan strategi pengajaran yang efektif untuk mencapai tujuan pendidikan.

Instilling moral values in elementary school students presents its own challenges in the era of globalization, especially with the emergence of Generation Z, who have distinctive characteristics. This study aims to analyze the strategies employed by teachers in teaching moral education at the elementary level. A descriptive qualitative approach was applied by reviewing relevant literature sources. The findings reveal that teachers play a crucial role as role models and mentors in embedding Pancasila values through active learning, integrating moral values into the curriculum, and utilizing contextual learning media such as folklore rooted in local wisdom. Challenges encountered include environmental influences, limited resources, and students’ low awareness of the importance of morals. This study highlights the need for collaboration among schools, families, and communities, as well as continuous teacher competency development, to foster students with noble character, ethics, and readiness to contribute positively to the nation.

Teacher personality is very important in shaping student character and creating a positive learning environment at school. This element not only demonstrates the values of integrity and good attitude but also forms the foundation for building relationships between teachers and students, among fellow teachers, and with all school members. This article aims to explain the personality competencies of teachers based on interviews conducted in three schools with different contexts. This research uses a descriptive qualitative approach, with data collection methods through in-depth interviews involving teachers and principals. The results obtained show that teachers generally demonstrate discipline, responsibility, and exemplary behavior. However, there are still some challenges such as heavy workloads and a lack of further training. These findings emphasize the importance of continuous teacher character development and systematic support to maintain the quality of education.

This community service is carried out to help teachers and schools, especially in improving numeracy literacy and the use of technology in the learning process. One form of community service that is carried out is through mentoring in the Kampus Mengajar program which is one of the eight superior programs offered by the Minister of Education and Culture. The mentoring referred to here is mentoring students who have passed the selection for the teaching program at school as Field Mentor Lecturers for the Kampus Mengajar program. Lecturers guide 3-4 students from several state and private campuses domiciled in Pamekasan or Sumenep and are placed at SDN Kowel 1 Pamekasan, SDN Groom Pamekasan and SDN Batuan 1 Sumenep. This mentoring has a direct impact on both the school including teachers, students, principals and of course students. For students, it is able to improve numeracy and literacy. For teachers, it increases knowledge related to technology and for students, it increases experience in teaching at school and how to collaborate with teachers. For schools, it helps with management and administration.

The Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program aims to study the profile of SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, the vision and mission implemented, the organizational structure and work procedures of the school, the culture and values ​​adopted, the activities of general and special teachers, the student learning process, and formal ceremonial activities. The Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program will run from February to June 2025. The purpose of this program is to provide teaching experience, broaden horizons, training and development of skills, independence, responsibility, and the ability to develop professionalism in the field of teaching or education. The program will also provide opportunities for students to apply their own discoveries. At SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, the Surabaya Mengajar Batch 7 Program runs from September 10 to June 2, 2024. To start the Surabaya Mengajar Program work program, observations were carried out both physically and non-physically to see how the school looks as a whole, including facilities, infrastructure, teaching materials, and other learning equipment. Based on the results of the observations, a schedule was made for the preparation and implementation of the Surabaya Mengajar Program. With the Surabaya Mengajar Program at SD Negeri Manukan Kulon VI, students can improve their teaching skills, implement activity programs that aim to optimize the potential in schools, provide opportunities for students to learn and recognize problems in schools related to the learning process and school administration, and exchange knowledge, skills, and attitude values ​​that have been learned in real life at school.

One of the most important preventive efforts to protect children from sexual violence is sex education. The implementation of sex education is sometimes delayed or ignored because many people still misunderstand it as a method of education about sexual behavior. The purpose of this study is to highlight the importance of providing sex education to children so that they can protect themselves from potential sexual exploitation. The approach used is a literature review of several books, scientific journals, and related policy documents. Based on the results of the study, children who do not receive sex education are more likely to experience violence, engage in inappropriate sexual behavior, and be exposed to misinformation from the media or their environment. It has been proven that appropriate sex education that is in accordance with the child's developmental stage helps children become more self-aware, understand their own body's limitations, and gain the ability to say "no" and ask for help. The conclusion of this study highlights that sex education is a form of early childhood education that involves the responsibility of parents, teachers, society, and government and does not explicitly teach sexual activity. The implications of this study indicate that integrated sex education from an early age can be a national strategy in preventing sexual violence against children.

This research aims to comprehensively analyze the Basic Teaching Skills (KDM) that are crucial for teachers in supporting the learning process. Through a literature study, this research examines various views and literature related to skills that teachers must have, such as opening and closing lessons, explaining material, leading discussions, asking questions, providing reinforcement, and creating variations in learning. The research findings show that basic teaching skills are not only related to the delivery of material, but also include the teacher's ability to arouse interest, increase motivation, and encourage active student involvement. A thorough and integrated application of these skills can contribute to improving the quality of teaching as well as students' learning outcomes.

The teaching profession holds a pivotal role in shaping future generations. A teacher's effectiveness is determined not only by subject matter expertise but also by a set of fundamental teaching skills that form the bedrock of professional practice. This article aims to investigate and explore the essential basic teaching competencies required for educators to perform their duties effectively. Through a review of relevant literature and a synthesis of various sources, this paper identifies core skills such as lesson opening and closure techniques, material explanation abilities, questioning strategies, reinforcement provision, variation implementation, classroom management proficiency, and small group discussion facilitation. It is argued that the mastery and effective application of these foundational skills are crucial for creating quality learning experiences and significantly contribute to the optimal development of students' potential.

The high rate of sexual violence has become a primary concern for the government. Victims of such violence do not distinguish between age or gender; children, both boys and girls, are often among the victims. Sexual education remains a taboo subject in society, as many consider it inappropriate to teach children and lack transparency on the matter. Parents are often reluctant and embarrassed to discuss sexual education with their children.Sex education is an effort to provide knowledge about the function of reproductive organs by instilling moranal, ethical, and religious commitments so that there is no “misuse” of these reproductive organs. Sex education aims to provide comprehensive knowledge and understanding of sexuality including, the function of reproductive organs, reproductive health, prevention of risky behavior, prevention of sexually transmitted diseases, prevention of sexual harassment, and increased understanding of gender identity and sexual orientation. The annual record of the National Commission on Violence Against Women in 2024 noted that sexual violence against women occupied the highest level with a percentage of 26.94%. The high level of sexual violence that occurs is a major concern of the government, victims of violence do not mark age and gender, children are also often victims of both boys and girls. This article uses qualitative methods and literature study methods.

This study aims to uncover teachers' views on the impact of certification on the quality of teaching and their welfare. Teacher certification is a government program that aims to improve the quality of education through professional recognition of teachers who have met certain competency standards. This study uses a qualitative approach with a descriptive method through a literature review of various journals and relevantiliteratureisources. Theiresultsiof theianalysis show that a number of teachers experienced an increase in pedagogical competence, self-confidence, and teaching enthusiasm after obtaining certification. However, some others felt that the impact of certification had not been felt too much, especially due to the increasing administrative burden and the lack of further training. On the other hand, certification also provides benefits to teacher welfare through the provision of professional allowances, although there is still inequality in its distribution. This study highlights the importance of continuous evaluation of certification policies, accompanied by reducing administrative burdens and strengthening post-certification training to support teacher professionalism and welfare as a whole.

This journal discusses the implementation of This seminar discusses the importance of Cultivating Elementary School Children's Creativity through Project-Based Learning": This seminar discusses how to integrate creative projects into the elementary school curriculum to enhance children's creativity and skills.

Sex education in schools is an important aspect in supporting the growth and development and reproductive health of children and adolescents. However, in Indonesia, there is cultural resistance regarding the open discussion of sex education. Sex education in schools plays an important role in shaping the character and knowledge of adolescents regarding reproductive health, responsible sexual behavior, and prevention of various risks such as HIV/AIDS, premarital pregnancy, and sexually transmitted diseases. This article reviews the importance of sex education as an integral part of the school curriculum, with an approach to preventing deviant behavior and building a healthy and responsible young generation. It is hoped that through appropriate education, adolescents will be able to make wise and responsible decisions, and reduce the number of incidents that are detrimental to them. This discusses the urgency of implementing sex education in schools with a preventive approach, not just theoretical teaching. Preventive sex education aims to equip students with the knowledge, attitudes, and skills to maintain reproductive health, prevent unwanted pregnancies, sexually transmitted diseases, and sexual violence. The implementation of sex education that is appropriate to the cultural context and involves various stakeholders in schools is crucial in creating an inclusive and safe learning environment.