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Penelitian ini membahas secara mendalam mengenai perlindungan hukum bagi nasabah dalam sengketa gadai syariah, khususnya yang berkaitan dengan pengembalian barang jaminan setelah pelunasan utang. Perkembangan industri gadai syariah di Indonesia yang sangat pesat menunjukkan adanya peningkatan kepercayaan masyarakat terhadap lembaga keuangan berbasis syariah. Namun, di sisi lain, dinamika ini juga memunculkan tantangan baru dalam aspek perlindungan konsumen, terutama ketika terjadi wanprestasi, kesalahan administrasi, atau kelalaian lembaga gadai dalam menjaga serta mengembalikan barang jaminan milik nasabah. Melalui pendekatan yuridis normatif dan studi kasus terhadap Putusan Pengadilan Agama Banjarmasin Nomor 1112/Pdt.G/2021/PA.Bjm, penelitian ini berupaya menganalisis bentuk tanggung jawab hukum lembaga gadai serta perlindungan yang seharusnya diterima oleh nasabah sebagai pihak yang dirugikan. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa dalam perspektif hukum syariah, barang gadai (marhun) memiliki kedudukan hukum sebagai amanah yang wajib dijaga dengan penuh tanggung jawab oleh pihak penerima gadai (murtahin). Apabila lembaga gadai lalai dalam menjaga atau gagal mengembalikan barang tersebut, maka tindakan tersebut dapat dikategorikan sebagai wanprestasi sekaligus pelanggaran terhadap prinsip keadilan dan hak-hak konsumen. Perlindungan hukum terhadap nasabah diatur dalam berbagai peraturan, antara lain Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata (KUHPerdata), Undang-Undang Nomor 8 Tahun 1999 tentang Perlindungan Konsumen, serta pengawasan yang dilakukan oleh Otoritas Jasa Keuangan (OJK) terhadap lembaga keuangan syariah. Namun demikian, efektivitas implementasi peraturan tersebut masih menghadapi berbagai kendala, seperti lemahnya pengawasan, kurangnya pemahaman masyarakat mengenai hak-haknya, serta minimnya mekanisme penyelesaian sengketa yang cepat dan transparan. Oleh karena itu, diperlukan penguatan sistem pengawasan serta edukasi hukum bagi masyarakat agar prinsip keadilan, kepastian hukum, dan kemaslahatan dalam transaksi gadai syariah dapat terwujud secara menyeluruh.

Penelitian ini menganalisis dasar hukum dan tanggung jawab notaris dalam tindak pidana pemalsuan akta otentik berdasarkan Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Pidana (KUHP) dan Undang-Undang Jabatan Notaris (UUJN). Notaris memiliki kewenangan membuat akta otentik yang berkekuatan hukum sempurna, namun hal ini juga menciptakan celah bagi pemalsuan yang merugikan. Pemalsuan akta termasuk tindak pidana pemalsuan surat, menimbulkan kompleksitas dalam menentukan batas tanggung jawab notaris karena kewajiban verifikasi notaris yang terbatas dalam investigasi materiil, serta adanya perbedaan pendekatan antara KUHP dan UUJN. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode hukum normatif dengan pendekatan statute dan conceptual, mengkaji peraturan dan literatur hukum. Hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa notaris dapat dikenakan sanksi pidana jika terbukti sengaja terlibat dalam pemalsuan. Kesimpulannya, diperlukan harmonisasi antara KUHP dan UUJN untuk memastikan kepastian hukum bagi notaris dan masyarakat, dengan penekanan pada pembuktian unsur kesengajaan (dolus) notaris.

This community service program aims to improve Arabic language skills through creative learning strategies based on educational games designed for the learning aspects of maharah istima', kalam, qira'ah, kitabah, and qawa'id learning. Mastery of maharah al-'arabiyah at the Madrasah Aliyah level still faces various obstacles. Mainly low learning motivation, lack of method variation, and dominated by textual learning approaches. This activity was carried out at the Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Terpadu Permata Umat, Trenggalek using qualitative methods through observation, interviews, direct mentoring, and documentation of student activities during the training process. The results of this community service program show that the implementation of educational games such as matching games, interactive dialogues, istima' habits, kitabah habits, roleplay games, guessing games, and grammar materials (nahwu and sharaf) combined with a reward system can foster and increase active participation, courage to speak, and increase student motivation in learning Arabic. This activity emphasizes that educational games are an effective approach in improving Arabic language competency in the madrasah environment.

This study aims to analyze the content and substance of the Fourth Hadith in Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah, explore the Islamic educational values contained within it, and examine its relevance to contemporary Islamic religious education. This research employs a qualitative approach using library research methods through an examination of primary and secondary literature related to the hadith and Islamic educational concepts. The data were analyzed using content analysis techniques to reveal both textual and contextual meanings.The findings show that the Fourth Hadith provides an explanation of the gradual process of human creation, the decree of divine destiny encompassing sustenance, lifespan, deeds, and a person’s final fate, as well as an emphasis on the importance of righteous actions in determining one’s end. The hadith encapsulates holistic educational values, including divine values such as belief in destiny, reliance on God (tawakkul), patience, and spiritual awareness; and humanistic values such as moral responsibility, self-control, self-awareness, and consistency in worship and good deeds. These values remain highly relevant for character building in modern learners, especially in facing moral, spiritual, and social challenges.Based on the results, it can be concluded that the Fourth Hadith of Al-Arba'in An-Nawawiyyah plays a significant role in strengthening contemporary Islamic education, particularly in shaping character grounded in sound creed, noble ethics, and strong mental resilience. The findings are expected to serve as a reference for educators, educational institutions, and society in developing more integrative and applicable educational practices.

This community service program aims to improve Arabic language skills through creative learning strategies based on educational games designed for the learning aspects of maharah istima', kalam, qira'ah, kitabah, and qawa'id learning. Mastery of maharah al-'arabiyah at the Madrasah Aliyah level still faces various obstacles. Mainly low learning motivation, lack of method variation, and dominated by textual learning approaches. This activity was carried out at the Madrasah Aliyah Swasta Terpadu Permata Umat, Trenggalek using qualitative methods through observation, interviews, direct mentoring, and documentation of student activities during the training process. The results of this community service program show that the implementation of educational games such as matching games, interactive dialogues, istima' habits, kitabah habits, roleplay games, guessing games, and grammar materials (nahwu and sharaf) combined with a reward system can foster and increase active participation, courage to speak, and increase student motivation in learning Arabic. This activity emphasizes that educational games are an effective approach in improving Arabic language competency in the madrasah environment.

Character formation is a fundamental component of Islamic education, particularly in responding to the growing challenges of moral decline and the weakening of students’ manners in contemporary learning environments. This study aims to analyze the implementation of the classical text Risalat Adab Suluk al-Murid in shaping student character through the integration of seven good habits at SMPIQu Al-Bahjah Cianjur. Employing a descriptive qualitative approach, data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and documentation to explore how the values of adab are internalized and reflected in students’ daily behavior. The findings indicate that the learning of this classical text strengthens students’ discipline, respect toward teachers, sense of responsibility, and enthusiasm for learning. The internalization process occurs not only during classroom activities but also through daily routines such as morning habits, worship practices, time management, and social interactions within the school environment. The seven good habits function as a practical framework that reinforces the application of sufistic values taught in the text, allowing students to translate moral teachings into consistent actions. Teachers play a crucial role as role models who guide, demonstrate, and cultivate these values through continuous supervision and exemplary conduct. The study concludes that classical Islamic text-based learning offers an effective strategy for enhancing student character within modern Islamic educational settings. The implications highlight the need for schools to strengthen adab-centered curricula, cultivate ethical school culture, and promote collaboration among teachers, institutions, and families to ensure sustainable character development.

The Theology of Mission in Pluralism, as presented in the Book of Jude, provides an understanding of God's mission (Missio Dei) that is universal and involves the Church's participation in proclaiming the Gospel amidst cultural and religious diversity. This study aims to explore the concept of theological mission found in the Epistle of Jude, particularly in the context of pluralism in culture and religion during the early Church period. Using an exegetical method and literature analysis, this research identifies that Christian mission according to Jude is not only limited to the proclamation of the Gospel but also includes the struggle against false teachings and the strengthening of the faith of the believers. The mission in the Book of Jude emphasizes the importance of showing compassion to those who are uncertain in their faith, as well as the need for decisive action to save people from the fire of judgment. Furthermore, this study reveals that the Church plays a central role as the sphere of mission, where the congregation is called to remain firm in faith and contribute to saving others from misleading teachings. Overall, the theology of mission in pluralism according to Jude teaches the importance of balancing firmness in upholding the truth with gentleness in guiding those who are uncertain.

This study aims to thoroughly examine the triadic relationship among the Internalization of Aswaja An-Nahdliyah Values, the Pedagogic Competence of Ustadz/Ustadzah, and the Academic Supervision by the Kyai at the Salafi Sunanul Huda Islamic Boarding School in Sukabumi Regency. The research urgency is based on the vital role of the pesantren (Islamic boarding school) as a fortress of moderate ideology and the existence of a research gap that has not holistically integrated these three variables within the specific Salafi-Nahdliyyah context of the locus. The Aswaja An-Nahdliyah values central to the internalization process include Tawasuth (moderation), Tasamuh (tolerance), I'tidal (justice/firmness), Tawazun (balance), and Amar Ma'ruf Nahi Munkar (enjoining good and forbidding wrong). This internalization is carried out through the formal curriculum (teaching Kitab Kuning using the Sorogan and Bandongan methods) and the non-curricular aspects (Kyai/Ustadz role-modeling and pesantren living values). The study utilizes a qualitative approach with a Case Study design. Data collection employs Method Triangulation involving In-depth Interviews (Kyai, Ustadz, Students), Limited Participatory Observation (learning processes and cultural activities), and Document Study (Lesson Plans, curriculum, and supervision reports). Data analysis employs the interactive model of Miles, Huberman, and Saldana (Data Condensation, Data Display, and Conclusion Drawing). The research findings are expected to formulate the Integrated Model of Triguna Santri in Aswaja An-Nahdliyah Internalization, which synergizes traditional pesantren methods with culture-based quality assurance. Practically, these findings will provide blueprints for quality assurance (Cultural-Authoritative Academic Supervision) and recommendations for pedagogical strategies for Ustadz/Ustadzah to enhance the transfer of values from the cognitive level to the affective and behavioral domains. This model is expected to become a benchmark for developing educator competence and strengthening religious moderation in similar pesantren.

This study investigates the optimization of Fathul Qorib text-based instruction in the fiqh chapter of fasting to enhance the practical understanding of fasting among third-grade students at Madrasah Diniyah Raudhatul Hasaniyah 1. The research background emerges from the gap between students’ theoretical knowledge of fasting and its practical application in daily worship. Using a qualitative approach with observation, interviews, and documentation, the study explores instructional interactions between teachers and students, pedagogical strategies, and behavioral changes that follow the implementation. The findings indicate that the Fathul Qorib approach significantly improves comprehension of fasting pillars, intention, conditions, and violations that nullify fasting. Additionally, the teacher’s role, learning atmosphere, and student engagement were key supporting factors, while limited time and varied student abilities served as obstacles. The implications suggest that classical kitab-based learning, when adapted through interactive methodology, remains effective for building authentic Islamic practice and character.

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengkaji peran guru sebagai subjek pendidikan dalam perspektif tafsir tarbawi berdasarkan Q.S. Al-Kahfi ayat 66-67 serta relevansinya bagi pendidikan Madrasah Ibtidaiyah (MI). Kisah dialog antara Nabi Musa dan Nabi Khidir merepresentasikan relasi edukatif antara murid dan guru yang dilandasi adab, kesabaran, kerendahan hati, dan keteladanan. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kualitatif dengan metode studi kepustakaan. Sumber data diperoleh dari Al-Qur’an, kitab tafsir tarbawi, serta buku dan artikel jurnal pendidikan islam yang terbit dalam lima tahun terakhir. Analisis data dilakukan dengan teknik Analisis tematik menggunakan pendekatan tafsir tarbawi. Hasil kajian menunjukkan bahwa guru perspektif Al-Qur‟an tidak hanya berperan sebagai penyampai ilmu, tetapi juga sebagai pembimbing moral dan spiritual peserta didik. Nilai-nilai pendidikan dalam Q.S Al-Kahfi ayat 66-67 memiliki relevansi yang kuat untuk diterapkan dalam pendidikan MI, khususnya dalam penguatan adab belajar dan pembentukan karakter Islami peserta didik.

Moral education is the core of Islamic teachings that emphasize the formation of noble character in human relationships with Allah SWT and with others. The phenomenon of moral deterioration that occurs in society, such as promiscuity, juvenile criminality, violence, and the loss of manners towards parents and teachers, shows the urgency of systematic moral education. This research aims to examine the content and content of the book Akhlak Lil Banin by Sheikh Umar bin Ahmad Baraja' and the strategy of the moral education concept contained in it. The research method used is a literature study with a qualitative-descriptive approach through content analysis. The results of the study show that Lil Banin's book of Morals contains fundamental moral values, including ethics with parents, manners with teachers, speaking ethics, honesty and trust, responsibility, and manners of eating and drinking. The moral education strategy in this book includes moral development towards Allah SWT, oneself, parents, teachers, fellow humans, the environment, and in all life circumstances. Thus, Lil Banin's book of Morals is not only a moral guideline for children and adolescents, but also relevant as a reference for character education in the modern era that is full of moral challenges.

This study discusses the pedagogical approach in learning the Book of Safinatun Najah Bab Najis and its impact on the worship awareness of 5th grade students at Madrasah Diniyah, Darut Tauhid Islamic Boarding School, Tanjungsari Krejengan, Probolinggo. The purpose of this study is to find out how the learning strategies applied by teachers affect students' understanding of the concept of najis and its application in daily worship practices. The research method used is qualitative descriptive with data collection techniques through observation of the learning process in the classroom, in-depth interviews with teachers and students, and documentation of taharah practices carried out by students. The results of the study show that the combination of bandongan, sorogan, and practical exercises methods is directly able to improve the conceptual understanding and practical skills of students in recognizing the types of unclean and how to purify them. In addition, this method also strengthens the consistency of students in performing ablution and preparing themselves to perform prayers correctly. The implications of this study confirm that the balanced integration of theoretical and practical learning is effective in fostering religious discipline, improving cognitive understanding, and forming habits of maintaining personal hygiene, so that students' awareness of worship develops sustainably.

This study discusses the innovation of Arabic language learning strategies based on communicative skills that emphasizes mastery of four main aspects, namely listening (istima'), speaking (kalam), reading (qira'ah), and writing (kitabah). The background of the research departs from the problem that Arabic language learning in many educational institutions is still dominated by traditional approaches that focus on memorization and translation. As a result, students have difficulty in applying Arabic actively and communicatively. This research aims to describe the concept of language skills-based learning, identify effective methods, and analyze obstacles and implementable solutions. Using a qualitative approach with descriptive methods through literature studies, observations, and interviews, this study found that language skills-based approaches are more effective in improving communication skills than traditional methods. Methods such as Direct Method, Communicative Approach, Audio-Lingual Method, and Total Physical Response (TPR) have been proven to be able to increase students' participation and language competence. In addition, the use of digital media and interactive applications strengthens the learning process. However, limited resources, lack of interactive media, and lack of practice time are major challenges. This study concludes that technology integration, improving educator competencies, and preparing a practice-based curriculum are the keys to the success of Arabic language learning that is communicative and relevant to the needs of the modern era.

This study aims to analyze Islamic Religious Education (PAI) learning at SMP NU Muara Sugihan from the perspective of the National Education Standards (SNP), focusing on the integration of NU values. A qualitative approach was employed, with data collected through in-depth interviews, observation, and school documentation. The findings indicate that the school curriculum adopts the Merdeka Curriculum combined with local content of kitab kuning, so that learning emphasizes not only academic mastery but also the development of religious character, moral integrity, and tolerance. The learning process is conducted collaboratively involving teachers, the principal, staff, parents, and students, supported by routine spiritual activities such as congregational Dhuha prayers. The assessment system integrates formative, summative, and religious practice-based evaluations. These results demonstrate that value internalization at SMP NU Muara Sugihan is effective, consistent with the internalization value theory of Muhammad Alim and Ahmad Tafsir, and supports the balanced achievement of students’ academic, spiritual, and social competencies. Practically, the findings can serve as a model for NU-based schools in designing curriculum, learning strategies, and value-based extracurricular activities.

This paper focuses on a critical reflection on the text of Psalm 1:1-6, specifically introducing two opposing paths between "the way of the righteous" and "the way of the wicked." A critical approach to this text is carried out by considering interpretive and contextual aspects, and finding the meanings contained therein by connecting the experiences of modern-millennial humans. This writing uses qualitative methods and a library research approach, to the Bible, and the book of Psalms 1-72, as well as the book Traces of God's Salvation Work: An Introduction and the Ins and Outs of the Old Testament Scriptures. This writing involves critical reflection on the structure of the text, key words, and moral messages hidden in Psalm 1:1-6. In addition, this paper also explores the social and spiritual implications of understanding "the way of the righteous" and "the way of the wicked" in the context of modern-millennial society. The main finding in this writing is to provide deeper insight into how the concepts expressed in the Book of Psalms 1:1-6 can be applied in the lives of modern-millennial humans, as well as how the moral messages from the text can be relevant in guiding individuals in choosing the right path in life.

This study aims to analyze the pedagogical strategies in teaching Nailur Roja Syarah Safinatun Najah, particularly the chapter on marriage, at Pondok Pesantren Raudlatul Muhibbin Al-Mustainiyyah Surakarta. The teaching of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) in pesantren not only emphasizes textual understanding but also requires adaptive strategies to ensure that marriage laws are comprehended both theoretically and practically. This research employed a descriptive qualitative method, with data collected through interviews with students and teachers, as well as library research on classical Islamic texts, pesantren pedagogy, and Islamic marriage law. The findings show that pedagogical strategies combine traditional methods such as bandongan and sorogan with contextual approaches including interactive discussions, group deliberations, and case-based learning. The main challenges for students are difficulties in understanding classical Arabic and relating the material to the contemporary Indonesian legal context. To overcome these issues, teachers provide simplified explanations, use real-life analogies, and encourage active student participation. Therefore, the applied pedagogical strategies effectively enhance students’ comprehension of the marriage chapter both normatively and practically.

The development of generative artificial intelligence has opened opportunities for strengthening Islamic legal learning through a digital forum that remains connected to authoritative textual references. This study aims to design and build a web-based bahtsul masail discussion system using a multi-agent AI architecture and the Retrieval-Augmented Generation (RAG) method. The proposed system simulates the deliberative roles commonly found in pesantren-based Islamic legal discussion, namely Moderator, Mubahits, Mu'aridh, and Mushahih. The research applies a Research and Development approach with the Waterfall model, covering requirement analysis, interface design, multi-agent workflow design, implementation, functional testing, and evaluation. RAG is implemented by allowing users to upload PDF documents of kitab kuning and assign the documents to particular agent roles. The uploaded texts are then used as contextual grounding so that each agent can formulate arguments, rebuttals, and final decisions based on traceable references rather than unsupported model memory. The application is implemented using HTML, CSS, and JavaScript on the front end, while the AI reasoning process is orchestrated through an API-based large language model. Functional testing shows that the system can complete five sequential stages of bahtsul masail, display role-based responses, manage uploaded references, and present discussion history. The main contribution of this study is a system design that combines pesantren deliberation procedures with AI-based retrieval support to provide an interactive learning medium for Islamic law, while emphasizing that the final authority of legal validation remains with qualified scholars

The absolute nature of moral rights creates practical legal issues. Under the concept of a sales agreement, the ownership of the sold object is transferred from the seller to the buyer. Conversely, the concept of moral rights, as stipulated in Law Number 28 of 2014, dictates that moral rights cannot be transferred for any reason whatsoever as long as the creator is alive. The conceptual and juridical ambiguity arises from the contradictory nature of a copyright and/or copyrighted work sales agreement versus the absolute status of moral rights. The research methodology employed in this study is the normative juridical method. This method focuses on analyzing legal norms related to moral rights and sales agreements, specifically referencing Law Number 28 of 2014 (Copyright Law) and the Civil Code (Kitab Undang-Undang Hukum Perdata). Normatively, the creator's moral rights are perpetual and non-transferable to other parties, in accordance with the mandate of Law Number 28 of 2014, Articles 5 and 57. Nevertheless, within the context of private law, Article 5 of Law Number 28 of 2014 grants the creator the freedom to either maintain or waive these rights. If the agreement is reached consensually, the principle of pacta sunt servanda is applicable between the contracting parties. A clause involving the assignment of moral rights can render the agreement voidable (vernietigbaar) if it involves a violation of the subjective requirements (consent and legal capacity). This is particularly true if the consent was obtained through an abuse of circumstances (penyalahgunaan keadaan). A violation of this requirement indicates that the consent provided by the creator was not free and consensual.

The study of classical Islamic texts (kitab kuning) in Islamic boarding schools (pesantren) plays a crucial role in strengthening students’ religious understanding as well as enhancing their mastery of the Arabic language. One of the foundational texts taught is Mubadi’ Fiqih, which contains basic principles of Islamic jurisprudence and serves as an introductory bridge for students to comprehend Arabic religious texts. This research aims to analyze the implementation of Mubadi’ Fiqih learning as an effort to strengthen students’ understanding of fiqh and enrich their Arabic vocabulary (mufrodat) at Ma’had Walisongo 1 Maron, Probolinggo. The study employs a qualitative approach with a case study design. Data were collected through classroom observations, in-depth interviews with the headmaster, teachers, and students, as well as documentation of the learning process. The findings reveal that the learning process applies bandongan and sorogan methods, supported by vocabulary translation exercises and contextual explanations of fiqh terminology. These strategies effectively enhance students’ comprehension of basic Islamic legal concepts while simultaneously expanding their Arabic vocabulary in religious contexts. Moreover, the teachers’ consistency in explaining Arabic sentence structures and assigning vocabulary memorization tasks significantly supports the learning outcomes. However, challenges such as students’ varying initial language proficiency and limited class time remain obstacles to achieving optimal results. Overall, the Mubadi’ Fiqih learning approach proves to be an effective integrative medium for strengthening both fiqh knowledge and Arabic linguistic competence among pesantren students.  

This study aims to explore in depth the role of God in the creation of humanity as depicted in the Book of Genesis and its relevance to contemporary Christian life. Using a qualitative method with a literature study approach, this research analyzes the texts of Genesis 1:26–28 and 2:7–8, supported by systematic theological perspectives from scholars such as Louis Berkhof and J. J. Davis. The findings reveal that God’s role is multidimensional: God as the Sovereign Designer, who initiates and perfectly orchestrates the creation process; the Personal Creator, who forms humans from the dust of the ground with purpose and intimacy; the Giver of Life, who breathes the breath of life into humanity; and the Mandate Giver, who delegates authority and responsibility to humans to govern His creation. This understanding has profound theological and ethical implications, particularly for the formation of Christian identity rooted in the image and likeness of God (imago Dei), the strengthening of ecological responsibility toward environmental stewardship, and the cultivation of a transformative spirituality centered on living out God’s will in daily life. Therefore, this study concludes that the doctrine of creation is not merely a historical truth but an existential foundation that guides the faith, morality, and practical life of believers in responding to contemporary spiritual and social challenges.