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This paper presents a comparative analysis of various battery management systems (BMS) in electric vehicles, with a focus on incorporating machine learning techniques to improve battery safety and extend battery life. The study evaluates conventional BMS against machine learning-enhanced models in predicting thermal runaway, state of charge (SOC), and state of health (SOH) under diverse operating conditions. Results indicate that machine learning algorithms outperform conventional methods, providing more accurate SOC and SOH estimations, thus enhancing vehicle safety and longevity.

Virtual Reality (VR) is not new in today's digital era. This technology has developed very quickly and has penetrated into many aspects of life, such as education. In this article, researchers reviewed current and previous research, to understand the extent to which Virtual Reality (VR) technology is used as an alternative learning media in educational institutions using the Systematic Literature Review (SLR) method by defining research questions as the first step. The search process was carried out from Scopus database using Publish or Perish 8 tools, and the selection of articles was based on inclusion and exclusion criteria related to the research questions. There were 200 articles found in the early stages of the search with a total of 22 articles that met the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The results obtained are in the form of a discussion of several aspects related to the use of virtual reality as a learning medium, such as: the type of technology, the location of educational institutions that use VR, learning domains, educational levels, evaluation techniques for learning with VR, and the purpose/benefit of its use.

This study explores the development and evaluation of an adaptive Intrusion Detection and Response System (IDRS) driven by Reinforcement Learning (RL) for securing 5G networks. The RL-based IDS is designed to overcome the limitations of traditional security systems by dynamically learning from real time network traffic and adapting to emerging cyber threats. Introduction: The rapid growth of 5G networks, with their increased number of connected devices and complex traffic patterns, necessitates advanced security solutions that can detect and respond to evolving cyberattacks. Literature Review: Traditional Intrusion Detection Systems (IDS), including signature based and anomaly based methods, are not equipped to handle the dynamic nature of 5G networks, leading to high false positives and low detection accuracy. In contrast, RL offers significant improvements in adaptability, detection accuracy, and response time. Materials and Method: The study simulates 5G network traffic and develops an RL-based IDS using Deep Q-Networks (DQN) and Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) techniques. The performance of the RL-based system is compared to traditional IDS systems, focusing on detection accuracy, false positive rates, and response times. Results and Discussion: The RL-driven IDS demonstrated superior performance, achieving higher detection accuracy (95%) and faster response times (30 milliseconds) compared to traditional methods. However, challenges such as computational cost and model interpretability were identified. The study emphasizes the importance of adaptive learning mechanisms and the integration of RL into Zero Trust Architecture (ZTA) to enhance the security of 5G networks.

This study compares different machine learning models for time series forecasting in financial data analysis. Models including ARIMA, LSTM, and GRU are applied to predict stock price movements. We measure the accuracy and computational efficiency of each model on various datasets and discuss their strengths and weaknesses in financial forecasting contexts. The findings suggest that deep learning models show significant improvement in capturing complex temporal patterns over traditional methods.

Islam is basically a religion that requires continuous efforts to acquire knowledge. Muslims are obliged to gain knowledge from birth to death. In educating students, educators have an obligation to provide the best possible learning. In this case, educators can imitate the lessons taught by the Prophet. This article aims to describe the obligation to study according to an Islamic perspective in terms of focusing on the hadith of the Prophet regarding the obligation to study. This can be seen in the Al Quran and Hadith, the type of research used in this research is library research. The results of this research are that the teaching and learning process should be related to the characteristics of Prophetic teaching. Be kind to your students, protect them, motivate them, relate events in the learning process, familiarize yourself with dialogue and mental strategies, and maintain anonymity when criticizing or praising students. So that education remains embedded in the minds of students, we need to apply methods that provide good Uswatun Hasana to students    

The aim of this research is to determine the effect of the question and answer method on the learning motivation for Christian Religious Education and Character Education of class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 academic year. The research method used is a research method using a quantitative approach with inferential descriptive data analysis. The population is all 115 students of class VIII of SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency for the 2023/2024 Academic Year who are Christians and the research sample was determined to be 38 people, namely 35% of the total population using Random Sampling techniques. Data was collected using a positive closed questionnaire with 20 items for variable 05,n=38) = 0.320. b) Testing a significant relationship obtained a value of tcount= 3.410 > ttable(=0.05,dk=n-2=36)= 2.042. 2) Influence test: a) Regression equation test, obtained the regression equation Y ̂="11.82"+0.36X. b) Regression coefficient of determination test (r2) = 24.4%. 3) Test the hypothesis using the F test to obtain Fcount > Ftable=(=0.05, dk numerator k=12, dk denominator=n-2=38-2=36) namely 11.62 > 2.00. Thus, there is an influence of the question and answer method on the learning motivation of Christian Religious Education and Character Education for class VIII students at SMP Negeri 1 Kolang, Kolang District, Central Tapanuli Regency, Academic Year 2023/2024. Ha is accepted and H0 is rejected.    

A method is a set of methods or methods that teachers use in learning so that students can achieve certain learning goals and skills. Many verses in the Koran explain the use of methods in teaching. Some of them we find in Surah Ali Imran verse 159 and Al-Maidah verse 67. The aim of this research is to find out the method of learning or teaching the Al-Qur'an. This research method uses descriptive qualitative methods with a literature review. The main data sources come from books, magazines and the latest articles related to this research theme. The results of this research indicate that the methods of teaching the Al-Quran are (1) Hiwar, namely alternating conversations between two or more parties through questions and answers regarding a topic leading to a goal, and (2) Tabligh, namely a systematic, orderly and measurable method used by preachers in presenting tabligh material to their audiences.    

This research aims to determine a role-playing strategy model in strengthening religious character through learning short story texts. The research method used is the Design Based Research (DBR) method. The research stage is divided into five parts, namely problem identification, product development formulation, product design and development, product testing, and communicating results. The results of observing teacher activities through role playing strategies show that the score obtained from observer one is 92 in the very good category, while the score obtained by observer two is 90 in the very good category. The results of observing students' activities through role playing strategies showed that the score obtained from observer one was 94 in the very good category, while the score obtained by observer two was 92 in the very good category. Based on the results of data analysis obtained from students' self-assessment questionnaires regarding strengthening religious character through learning short story texts using role-playing strategies. The total score obtained by students was 1163 and the average number obtained from 15 students was 77 with a percentage of 96%. To strengthen the character of religiosity in students, teachers must be more creative in cultivating the value of religious character in students through the learning process.

This research aims to determine the influence of the Genially Platform on PAI learning outcomes at SMK Negeri 2 Semarang. The type of research used is field research with a quantitative approach. Data collection methods use observation, tests and documentation. This research design uses an experimental posttest only control design, with different treatments in two classes, namely the experimental class using the Genial platform and the control class using conventional learning. After being given different treatments, analysis prerequisite tests were carried out, namely data normality tests, data homogeneity tests, and hypothesis tests. In testing the hypothesis, researchers used the independent sample t-test. 

Real Work Lecture (KKN) collaborated with Field Experience Practices (PPL) in increasing student potential through English-based learning. English is a world language used to communicate between countries. The ability to speak English must be owned by everyone, especially elementary school children. English-based learning in education is often implemented with less attractive media, so students' interest in learning English is quite low. This article examines the implementation of work programs that meet the needs of Anuban Jitjongrak school community in improving English language skills. Language and facility limitations are a challenge for students in implementing appropriate work programs. The service method carried out KKN-PPL debriefing, observation and interviews, implementation of work programs, and evaluation of activities. As for the target in the implementation of this KKN-PPL are students at Anuban Jitjongrak School.

The study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of scientific approach and video media to improve students’ speaking skill. The aim was to find out significant differences between the experimental class that received treatment and the control class that did not receive treatment. The research was conducted for 4 days at SMPN 32 Semarang with a population of all ninth grade students. Meanwhile, the samples were from IXF as the experimental class and IXG as the control class. There are 30 students in each class who participated. The research is quantitative research and used quasi-experimental method. Instrument of the study was oral test and collected the data used pre-test and post-test. Technique of data analysis used IMB SPSS version 25. After 4 days of treatment, the average student learning outcomes were very significant. The Mean score of control class is 63.2 and experimental class is 80.9. The average score of the control class is lower than the experimental class, which means that te control class showed a slight improvement after the learning process without using a scientific approach and video media. Meanwhile, the experimental class showed significant improvement after the learning process using a scientific approach and video media. The results have been processed through SPSS and produced significant differences between the control class and the experimental class. So, it can be conclude that a scientific approach and video media are effective to improve students’ speaking skill.  

This study aims to analyze the importance of facilities and infrastructure management in supporting the quality of educational services in educational units. In the context of modern education, facilities and infrastructure not only function as technical support for teaching and learning activities, but also as indicators of the quality of educational institutions. This research uses the library research method by examining various scientific sources, both in the form of journals, books, and relevant research reports. The results of the study show that effective management of facilities and infrastructure includes the process of planning, procurement, utilization, maintenance, and continuous evaluation of educational facilities. Each of these stages has an important role in ensuring the availability of a safe, comfortable, and conducive learning environment for all school residents. In addition, transparent and participatory management can increase a sense of responsibility, care, and efficiency in the use of facilities. The management of facilities and infrastructure based on the needs of students and the development of information technology has proven to be able to strengthen the quality of educational services and support the achievement of learning goals optimally. These findings provide practical implications for schools and policymakers to continue to strengthen data-driven educational facilities management systems and cross-stakeholder collaboration.

This research aims to improve reading literacy using Antonin board media in class 2 of SDS NU Kencong in the 2022/2023 academic year. The method used is to carry out community service through 5 stages, namely observation, formulating problems, creating materials, carrying out counseling and evaluation. As a result of the counseling using antonym board media, students became active and enthusiastic in participating in learning, but there were some students who had difficulty reading due to their lack of familiarity with reading. This antonym board media makes the learning process fun and interesting. This is an innovation to increase students' interest in reading literacy. In the future, it is hoped that there will be further innovation regarding learning media with the target of teachers being able to help students enjoy reading.

Autonomous vehicles (AVs) are revolutionizing transportation by relying on advanced AI techniques like deep learning and reinforcement learning for decision-making and navigation. However, concerns about the opacity of traditional AI models in safety-critical applications such as autonomous driving raise issues related to safety, accountability, and trust. This study explores the integration of Explainable AI (XAI) techniques in AV systems to enhance transparency and interpretability while maintaining high prediction accuracy. XAI methods, such as LIME (Local Interpretable Model-agnostic Explanations) and SHAP (SHapley Additive ExPlanations), provide understandable justifications for AI-driven decisions, addressing biases, fairness, and accountability. These techniques also support regulatory compliance and foster public trust in AVs. A mixed-methods approach, combining experimental simulations and user surveys, was employed to integrate XAI into AV systems and test its performance in urban traffic and highway driving scenarios. Feedback from users, collected through questionnaires and in-depth interviews, revealed that XAI-enhanced systems significantly improved the interpretability of AV decisions, leading to higher user trust and satisfaction. The study highlights the importance of balancing model complexity with interpretability, demonstrating that XAI techniques are crucial for building trust and ensuring accountability in autonomous driving systems.

This research aims to analyze effective strategies in optimizing the use of social media, especially the YouTube and Instagram platforms, by students of Syari’ah business law courses. The focus of the research is to identify students' efforts to use social media as a relevant and useful tool in the context of social media business from an Islamic perspective and legal protection issues related to existing YouTube and Instagram social media content. The research method used is qualitative, with strategic analysis through surveys, interviews and observations of Syari’ah business students, especially content owners (Youtubers) and users who actively use YouTube as a medium for uploading content. , Content created by YouTubers is considered copyrighted. The data obtained was then analyzed to explore and document aspects of the Kedungsapur area that were thoroughly researched. The results of this research provide detailed insight into optimizing social media use of Syari’ah   business law students by uncovering unintentional mentions and attributions to certain parties throughout the public domain. This can lead to defamation, which is prohibited in Islam and violates the ITE Law, Islam emphasizes the importance of conveying information accurately and not manipulating or misusing facts. Further findings show that the presence of hackers has an impact on how content creators protect YouTube and Instagram. The meaning of this research can contribute to the development of innovative learning strategies and deepen students' understanding of the application of the law Syari’ah trading in the digital era.

This study aims to evaluate the effectiveness of English textbooks for special purposes, particularly in the context of learning English for education. The content analysis method was used to evaluate the textbook with a focus on its purpose, content, methodology, and practical aspects. The results of the analysis showed strengths in purpose, approach, design and organization, as well as language aspects such as vocabulary and grammar. However, there were weaknesses in content coverage and integration of important components such as grammar and pronunciation. The implication is that this study emphasizes the importance of textbook evaluation to ensure the quality and effectiveness of learning, by adapting the materials to learners' needs and integrating methodologies that are in line with the latest educational developments.

This study is motivated by the limited research on holistic education in developing 21st-century skills to address the challenges of the digital era, despite its significant implications for future human resource quality. The objective of this research is to explore the concept of holistic education based on 21st-century skills and its relevance in the digital era through a literature review approach. The method employed is qualitative, focusing on an analysis of academic literature, including documents, journals, books, and various scholarly sources. The analysis was conducted thematically to investigate the principles, models, and practices of holistic education that support the development of critical thinking, creativity, communication, and collaboration skills. The findings indicate that holistic education can serve as a key approach to prepare younger generations to navigate the complexity of the digital era with adaptive, ethical, and innovative thinking skills. This review enriches the literature on holistic education and highlights the importance of an integrated approach that intertwines cognitive, emotional, social, and technological dimensions within the context of modern learning. Practical implications include recommendations for educators and policymakers to design curricula based on 21st-century skills and integrate digital technologies into building holistic learning processes. This study also offers opportunities for further research on the implementation of holistic education in diverse cultural and geographical contexts.

Pronunciation skills are fundamental in English language learning, especially in the correct articulation of regular past tense verbs. However, students often experience difficulties in accurately pronouncing such verbs due to the differences between English spelling and pronunciation. To address this issue, this study investigated the effect of the English Language Speech Assistant (ELSA) application on the pronunciation ability of tenth-grade students at SMA Negeri 2 Pematang Siantar. This research utilized a quantitative approach with a quasi-experimental design, involving 64 students divided equally into an experimental group (X-3) and a control group (X-9) selected through purposive sampling. The experimental group received instruction using the ELSA Speak application, while the control group was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data were collected through pre-tests and post-tests, then analysed using an independent sample t-test. The mean pre-test scores for the experimental and control groups were 50.34 and 50.21, respectively, while the mean post-test scores were 82.56 and 67.37. The t-test analysis revealed a significance value (2-tailed) of 0.000, which was lower than the significance level of 0.05 (0.000 < 0.05). Additionally, the computed t-value exceeded the t-table value (t-observed > t-table at df=62 and α=0.05), leading to the acceptance of the alternative hypothesis (Ha) and the rejection of the null hypothesis (H₀). This indicates that there is a significant difference between students taught using the ELSA Speak application and those taught using conventional methods. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that the ELSA Speak application significantly improves students’ pronunciation abilities in pronouncing English regular past tense verbs.

This systematic literature review examines the evolving role of Quality Engineering (QE) in optimizing production processes within Industry 4.0 contexts. By analyzing 78 peer-reviewed studies (2010–2025), the research identifies critical shifts in QE methodologies, emphasizing integration with artificial intelligence (AI), machine learning (ML), and real-time digital twin technologies. Key findings reveal enhanced robustness through adaptive optimization algorithms (e.g., Bayesian optimization, NSGA-II), improved defect prediction via AI-driven quality control systems, and streamlined process interoperability through Manufacturing Execution Systems (MES) and Quality 4.0 frameworks. The study underscores digital integration as a catalyst for reducing variability, accelerating decision-making, and aligning quality management with Industry 4.0’s demands for agility and interconnected systems. Recommendations include adopting hybrid methodologies combining classical Six Sigma with ML-driven analytics and investing in workforce training for digital QMS adoption.

The aim of this research is to find out vocal phrasing techniques for good and correct sentence fragments in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth. This research uses qualitative research methods using observation, interviews and documentation. This research was carried out by collecting information through field research to obtain results which were processed into accurate data. The research process carried out as data collection is: videos and interviews. By singing the song Arise And Shine Forth, the author uses accompaniment via digital media, namely karaoke. The research results show that the process of implementing the vocal phrasing technique training in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth, namely practicing body posture, breathing, articulation and learning the phrasing of the song Arise And Shine Forth. In the score for the song Arise And Shine Forth, it is known that the chord is 4/4, 42 bars and tempo 68 (Adagio), the tempo tends to be slow but tends to be relaxed. This song is performed in a duet consisting of a man and a woman using different voice melodies. In bars 6 to 10 it is sung by women. Bars 12 to 14 are sung by men. Bars 18 to bar 28, the lyrics are sung together using different melodies. From all the observations and methods that the author has used while conducting research, the vocal phrasing technique in singing the song Arise And Shine Forth is very important. To obtain good and correct phrasing techniques for phrasing sentences, you need to practice and master good vocal techniques to be able to sing the song. There are several ways that must be considered to master good phrasing techniques, namely: practicing breathing, understanding the song being sung, understanding the purpose or message of a song and looking at the sentences in the song where they are divided.