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The purpose of this research is to promote the active engagement of fourth-grade students at Madrasah Ibtidaiyah Negeri (MIN) 4 Muaro Jambi in Natural and Social Sciences (IPAS) learning by using the discussion approach. The key issue addressed in this research is a low degree of student participation, as shown by their lack of bravery to ask and answer questions, as well as restricted contact throughout the learning process. This research adopts a Classroom Action Research (PTK) technique based on the Kemmis and McTaggart model, with two cycles of preparation, action, observation, and reflection phases. The study included 27 pupils from Class IV A. Data collecting methods included observations, interviews, testing, and documentation. The study findings revealed a considerable increase in learning activities. In the first cycle, average student engagement varied between 52% and 56%, whereas in the second cycle, it jumped dramatically to 81% to 89%. This enhancement also had an influence on learning outcomes, as the class average score increased from 67 to 71, and the classical completion rate increased from 63% to 89%, surpassing the minimal criterion stipulated by the Learning Objective Completion Criteria (KKTP). As a result, it is possible to infer that using good conversation approaches improves student engagement and learning results in IPAS learning.

This classroom action research aims to improve the reading literacy of grade 1 students of SD Negeri 2 Ngasem through the use of flashcards. The background of the study is based on the low interest in reading and literacy outcomes of students, which is caused by less varied learning methods and the lack of attractive learning media. This study used a multi-cycle approach with the stages of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection. Data were collected through observation of student activities, reading literacy tests before and after the intervention, and documentation of the learning process. The results showed an increase in the average reading literacy score from 74.77 in the pre-cycle to 75.55 in cycle 1, with the percentage of learning completeness increasing from 77.77% to 83.33%. The use of flashcards proved effective in improving students' motivation, participation, and reading literacy outcomes. This study recommends the use of interactive and innovative learning media such as flashcards, to improve reading literacy in elementary schools.  

The Indonesian language curriculum in elementary schools is fundamental in fostering students’ literacy skills, particularly in reading and writing narrative texts such as fables. Despite its importance, students often encounter difficulties in understanding the structural elements of fables—namely, orientation, complication, resolution, and coda. These challenges are frequently exacerbated by variations in students’ readiness, interests, and learning profiles, which are not sufficiently addressed by conventional, one-size-fits-all teaching methods. This study adopts a qualitative library research approach to examine theoretical foundations and prior empirical studies related to differentiated instruction in the context of fable text learning. The findings suggest that differentiated instruction, by modifying content, process, product, and learning environment, effectively enhances students’ comprehension and performance in fable text structure. Furthermore, this approach aligns with the principles of the Merdeka Curriculum, which emphasizes learner-centered and inclusive education. Thus, differentiated instruction presents a promising pedagogical strategy for elementary school teachers in improving Indonesian language learning outcomes.

This study aims to determine the effectiveness of the use of evaluation sheets based on picture stories on the assessment of student learning outcomes in Natural Sciences (IPA) subjects for grade VII at SMP Hang Tuah 1 Jakarta. This study uses a quantitative descriptive approach involving 154 students from four classes (7A–7D). The evaluation instrument in the form of a short narrative accompanied by visual illustrations and contextual questions was designed based on the basic competencies of grade VII science. The results of the analysis showed that students gave a positive response to the form of evaluation used. Statistically, the average value of student learning outcomes reached 81.52, median 81.79, mode 84, and standard deviation 5.60. A total of 132 students (85.7%) achieved learning outcomes with values ​​above or equal to the Minimum Completion Criteria (KKM), which is 75. This shows that the evaluation sheet based on picture stories is not only effective in measuring learning outcomes, but also helps students understand the material more contextually and enjoyably. Student reflections strengthen these findings, where most stated that evaluation in the form of illustrated stories made them more interested, less tense when working on problems, and easier to understand concepts. Therefore, this approach can be an innovative alternative assessment in science learning.

One type of student service needed by IAKN Tarutung is the Community Service and Practice (KPPM), which takes place in the sixth semester and lasts for three months. Through various community experiences and social activities that involve cooperation between students, the community, and the government, this program aims to meet basic needs and improve the welfare and tranquility of the community in Pohan Tonga Village, Siborongborong District. The two main phases of the research methodology are observation at the village head's office and the implementation of health program activities for the elderly every Wednesday. This activity lasts for 120 minutes and is scheduled once a month in the third week. Activities may include worship, counseling, community service, and physical activities. The community is becoming closer and supporting one another through events facilitated by KPPM such as village clean-ups, community service, and other social gatherings. This creates a peaceful village atmosphere and enhances relationships among residents. Village development projects are planned, implemented, and evaluated with community participation encouraged by KPPM. The community actively participates rather than just watching, fostering a sense of pride in the developmental outcomes. The conclusion of this activity is that KPPM investigates and utilizes the existing potential of Pohan Tonga village, including its human and natural resources. This potential can be a key asset for village development with proper management.

This study aims to improve the ability of eighth grade students of SMP Negeri 2 Sogaeadu in identifying short story elements through the application of the SQ4R method. The background of this study is the low interest of students in reading literary works and their lack of understanding of effective reading strategies. The study used a Classroom Action Research (CAR) design which was carried out in two cycles, each including the planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The results showed a significant increase in student learning outcomes, from an average of 59.2% in cycle I to 82.4% in cycle II. The percentage of student involvement also increased from 42%-52% (cycle I) to 71%-90% (cycle II), while observations of researcher performance increased from 56%-75% (cycle I) to 87.5%-100% (cycle II). These findings prove that the SQ4R reading method is effective in improving students' ability to identify short story elements through systematic and easy-to-apply steps.

The rare of English in Indonesia in communicating in everyday life one of the reasons students have difficulty in memorizing and understanding English. Because of this, the author made a study that aims ti find out how much influence the Total Physical Response (TPR) learning method hason the learning outcomes of fourth grade elementary school students at SDN Lemah Duhur III. This research uses a quantitative approach with a pretest-posttest experiment. Giving pretest ang posttest question, student interviews and observations during learning took place as a source of data that researchers obtained. A total of 10 fourth grade students who participated in English learning activities in memorizing and understanding Engtlish using the TPR method became research subjects. The research show the results of significant increase between before using the TPR methode and after using TPR method.

The low learning outcomes of students in Economics subjects are often influenced by the use of traditional teaching methods that are less engaging and lack interaction. This study aims to examine the effectiveness of utilizing game-based learning media in improving students' academic performance. The game used in this study is the Wordwall game with the Airplane type. A quantitative approach was employed, using a quasi-experimental design with the nonequivalent control group model. The research subjects consisted of two tenth-grade classes at SMA Labschool Unesa 1, with the experimental class receiving treatment using the Airplane game media, while the control class was taught using conventional teaching methods. Data collection was conducted through pre-tests and post-tests. The data were analyzed using normality tests, homogeneity tests, independent t-tests, and N-Gain calculations. The results showed that the implementation of the Airplane game-based learning media significantly improved students' learning outcomes, as indicated by higher average post-test scores and N-Gain values in the experimental group compared to the control group. These findings suggest that game-based media can serve as an innovative alternative in the learning process, as it is capable of enhancing student motivation, active participation, and understanding of economic concepts.

This study aims to analyse the implementation of Total Quality Management (TQM) principles in enhancing student satisfaction at Madrasah Aliyah Negeri 2 Kudus. The main issues examined include: 1) how TQM is implemented at MAN 2 Kudus, 2) the factors that encourage and inhibit the implementation of TQM, and 3) the impact on student learning outcomes and the overall quality of education. This research employs a qualitative method with data collection techniques including observation, interviews, and documentation. The data obtained were analysed through the process of reduction, presentation, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that: 1) the implementation of TQM at MAN 2 Kudus involves all school elements--from leadership and teachers to students--with a focus on continuous improvement in educational services, learning processes, and resource management; 2) the main driving factors for successful TQM implementation are leadership commitment, active participation of all school members, and the emerging quality culture. However, challenges still exist, such as limited understanding of TQM principles among some teachers and staff, as well as inadequate supporting facilities. 3) The positive impact of TQM implementation is reflected in the increased student satisfaction with educational services, a more conducive learning atmosphere, and improvements in learning outcomes and graduate quality. The study recommends ongoing training on TQM for the entire academic personnel and strengthening of the internal quality assurance system. These findings are expected to serve as a reference for other educational institutions in optimizing TQM implementation to improve quality and student satisfaction.

This study aimed to improve the English learning outcomes of 9B grade students at UPT SMP Negeri 28 Medan in the 2024/2025 academic year through the implementation of the Student Teams Achievement Division (STAD) method. This research applied a Classroom Action Research (CAR) approach conducted in two cycles. Data were collected through learning outcome tests administered in the pre-cycle, Cycle I, and Cycle II. The results showed that the STAD method improved students’ average scores from 67.125 in the pre-cycle to 73.75 in Cycle I, and further to 78.81 in Cycle II. The percentage of students achieving the Minimum Mastery Criteria (KKM) increased from 25% to 78.1%. The Wilcoxon test indicated a statistically significant difference in learning outcomes before and after the intervention. The findings suggest that the STAD method is an effective cooperative learning strategy to enhance students’ English performance and foster collaborative classroom skills. Nevertheless, teachers must consider individual differences within teams to ensure equitable learning experiences for all students.

The results of this study show that: 1) The steps of implementing the make a match type cooperative learning model have several stages that must be prepared by teachers so that the learning process is taught in a structured manner, namely designing teaching modules and learning themes, preparing cards containing questions and answers, making learning assignment planning strategies, carrying out preparation and implementation of activities, couple verification, evaluation,  awarding/appreciation. 2) The results in the implementation of the make a match type cooperative learning model explain that there is an increase in student learning activity and learning outcomes before and after learning. 3) Factors that affect the learning process There are supporting factors, namely student motivation and enthusiasm that encourage active involvement in the learning process, while inhibiting factors, namely the classroom atmosphere becomes unconducive during learning.

In choosing learning video media according to learning objectives and student characteristics and optimizing the Use of Learning Video Media that can improve student motivation and learning outcomes, it is necessary to have learning video media so that learning objectives can be achieved. The use of video media in this learning process aims to determine how the Use of learning video media to improve motivation and learning outcomes of Civics lessons in Class IV B SDI Harekakae. This study was conducted in two learning cycles with 22 students as research subjects, where the learning test results achieved by students who achieved KKM completion were only 14 students with a score of 63.64%, the remaining 8 students or 36.36% who had not achieved KKM completion in cycle I who had not achieved the expected learning objectives due to lack of student participation in the learning process. So that making improvements in cycle II, a very significant increase was seen where from the learning results of cycle I only 63.64% of students completed, then in cycle II students who completed according to the completion criteria (KKM) were 21 people, the remaining 1 person with a score of 95.45%. This shows that students in cycle II have met the KKM standards in learning.

This community outreach program was initiated to foster foundational knowledge of computer networking among students in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) department at SMK Diponegoro 3 Kedungbanteng. Key topics included basic networking concepts, types and topologies of networks, hardware components, and their significance in creative fields. The implementation involved interactive learning through lectures, hardware demonstrations, and open discussions. A total of 46 students engaged in the sessions. The outcomes indicated increased engagement and awareness of interdisciplinary digital literacy, emphasizing the value of basic technology comprehension in collaborative design workflows.

This community outreach program was initiated to foster foundational knowledge of computer networking among students in the Visual Communication Design (VCD) department at SMK Diponegoro 3 Kedungbanteng. Key topics included basic networking concepts, types and topologies of networks, hardware components, and their significance in creative fields. The implementation involved interactive learning through lectures, hardware demonstrations, and open discussions. A total of 46 students engaged in the sessions. The outcomes indicated increased engagement and awareness of interdisciplinary digital literacy, emphasizing the value of basic technology comprehension in collaborative design workflows.

Student learning evaluation is a crucial aspect of measuring the level of understanding and achievement of competencies. Traditional assessments are often limited to quantitative scores, such as exams and assignments, which do not consider other aspects like creativity and deep comprehension. This study aims to develop and implement a Fuzzy Sugeno-based evaluation system for the Interactive Media Design course at the Vocational High School (SMK) level. This method integrates various factors, such as assignment and exam scores, using Fuzzy rules to produce a more comprehensive assessment.The research was conducted using MATLAB software for simulating and implementing the Fuzzy Inference System (FIS). The results demonstrated that the method is effective in providing recommendations and assisting teachers in categorizing student scores. Data analysis revealed that the majority of final student scores fall into the Highly Adequate category.The Fuzzy Sugeno method has proven to be flexible in handling uncertainties and offers a fair, transparent, and holistic solution for evaluations. Therefore, this method is recommended as a valuable tool to enhance the quality of student learning assessments in education.

The use of various instructional media plays a significant role in the teaching process, as it can stimulate students' interest and encourage active participation in learning activities. By utilizing a variety of educational tools, children can enhance the efficiency of their learning in relation to the material delivered by the teacher. Teachers are expected to select the most effective teaching models, instructional media, and strategies to improve students' understanding. The use of instructional aids such as fraction clocks can serve as an innovative resource for teachers in presenting learning materials. Through the implementation of such media, teachers can expand the scope of media utilization in the educational process. The use of fraction clocks aims to inspire and improve students’ learning outcomes in the field of mathematics. The study employs a quantitative approach. This quasi-experimental study applies a Pretest-Posttest Control Group design. 50 students participated in the study. The collected data are analyzed using descriptive statistical techniques to describe the students’ pretest and posttest results. Furthermore, inferential statistics, including normality tests and hypothesis testing, are used to support further interpretation. The findings revealed that for the pretest, students had an average score of 51.92, indicating a moderate level of achievement, with a percentage of 62%. And the students’ postest scores increased to 66.92, indicating a higher level of achievement, with a percentage of 69% based on a sample of 26 students. The Paired Sample T-test showed a Sig. (2-tailed) value of 0.000, which is lower than the predetermined significance level of 5% or 0.05. This indicates the rejection of null hypothesis and acceptance of alternative hypothesis. It can be concluded that the use of fraction clock as an instructional medium has positive effect on students’ learning outcomes and enhances their understanding of fraction concepts.

This study examines the effectiveness of the Problem-Based Learning (PBL) model in improving elementary school students’ learning outcomes by reviewing 15 national journal articles published between 2018 and 2024. The results show that PBL significantly enhances students’ abilities in cognitive, affective, and psychomotor domains, with improvements ranging from 7.1% to 83.3%. PBL encourages students to think critically, participate more actively in learning, and develop problem-solving skills through real and relevant situations. However, its implementation still faces several challenges, such as limited teacher training, inadequate facilities, and difficulties in shifting from conventional methods to this new approach. Based on the analysis, three main factors determine the success of PBL: appropriate learning design, the teacher’s ability to guide the PBL process, and the availability of supporting learning resources. The most significant positive impacts are seen among fifth-grade students and in schools located in the Java region. In conclusion, PBL is highly effective when supported by proper teacher training and adaptation to field conditions. Therefore, further teacher development programs and additional research on the long-term effects of implementing this model are strongly recommended.

This study aims to test the effect of the scaffolding approach in mathematics learning on student achievement at MTsN Jambewangi Selopuro Blitar. With a quantitative approach and quasi-experimental research type, this study used a randomized post-test group design. Class VIII G as the control class and VIII H as the experimental class, with 37 students each, were selected using cluster sampling techniques. Data were collected through tests and analyzed with the Independent Samples T Test. The results showed that the scaffolding approach had a significant effect on student achievement, so it can be an alternative effective learning method to improve students' ability to understand mathematical concepts. The scaffolding approach is a very effective learning method in improving student achievement, especially in understanding complex mathematical concepts. By providing appropriate assistance and support in the early stages of learning, students can build a strong foundation and improve their abilities gradually. Therefore, the scaffolding approach can be an alternative effective learning method for teachers to improve student learning outcomes.

Biology education requires a learning strategy that can improve conceptual understanding while developing students' critical thinking skills. This study aims to analyze the influence of the Project-Based Learning (PjBL) learning model on the learning outcomes of class X students on biodiversity materials at SMA Negeri 1 Melonguane. The research uses a quasi-experimental method with a Pretest-Posttest Control Group Design, involving two classes, namely the X-A experimental class taught using the PjBL model with a mini ecosystem project, and the X-D control class. The control class is taught conventionally. The analysis results showed a significant increase in the posttest score of the experimental class with an average of 79.33 compared to the control class with an average of 73.39. These findings indicate that applying the PjBL model effectively creates active learning, increases student engagement, and develops problem-solving skills and creativity. The lower variability of scores in the experimental class showed that PjBL could accommodate differences in students' abilities. Project-based learning also arouses students' motivation and confidence, making Biology learning more contextual and meaningful. The implications of this study show that applying the PjBL model can be an alternative to Biology learning strategies to improve learning outcomes while supporting the development of 21st century skills. This research enriches the literature on Biology learning innovations. It opens opportunities for further studies related to the application of PjBL to other materials or long-term impact analysis on students' academic achievements.

Learning media are physical tools that deliver information or learning materials to students. Educational videos have become one of the aids used in teaching and learning activities. These videos can support the learning process by conveying materials through the use of technology. Therefore, the researcher was interested in developing a medium that can be both heard and seen by students to help them better understand the subject matter. This study employed a Research and Development (R&D) approach using the Borg & Gall development model, which consists of ten development steps. The development process included initial information gathering, planning, initial product development, expert validation tests, initial product revisions, small-scale testing, second product revisions, large-scale field testing, final product refinement, and product dissemination. The results showed that the validity test of the learning media yielded a percentage of 94% from media experts, 96% from subject matter experts, 94% from language experts, and 94% from teachers. Meanwhile, the product effectiveness test using a Paired Sample T-Test showed a significance value of 0.000, which is lower than the threshold of 0.05. This indicates that the alternative hypothesis is accepted, proving a significant difference in student learning outcomes before and after using the educational video. Therefore, it can be concluded that the educational video on "Human Needs and Resource Scarcity" for Grade VII Social Studies is valid according to experts and effective in improving student learning outcomes.